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The author focuses on E. P. Thompson's The Poverty of Theory, especially Thompson's criticism of Louis Althusser. The author begins with a critique of Thompson's interpretation of the 18th-century English crowd & questions whether the crowd's moral economy was resistant to the assent of capitalist market relations as codified in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations. He then demonstrates that Smith's legacy haunts Thompson's concept of the crowd. Finally, he looks at Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class, especially the connection between the early 18th-century food rioters & the more enlightened crowd of the 1790s. 46 References. A. Funderburg

Describes a longitudinal study of adolescent mothers in Baltimore, MD, that began in 1965, highlighting changes in the external social situation & in the researcher's own life that occurred across the study's course through its 30-year follow-up. Changes in personal ideas & professional ambitions as the author moved from being a sociological graduate student to a tenured academic are noted, as well as the influence on the study of changing societal ideas about unwed mothers & marriage & the shifting climate of racial relations. Describing ways in which the Baltimore study represented a life-changing experience for the author, broader reflections are offered on the relationship between researcher & subject. 37 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

The article examines the nature of official accountability, with emphasis on the political environment of the UK. At present, the majority party in the Commons & town halls are at risk of being voted out of office. Measures should be taken to promote a more democratic system of government in GB. The author discusses accountability at four levels: (1) the roles of insiders (politically active citizens) vs outsiders, (2) the customer relations concept as applied to government, (3) the relationship between accountability & the decision making process, & (4) the right of formal review of official decisions. The author calls for an alliance between a new citizenship culture & the lobby for parliamentary reform. J. R. Callahan

Describes experiences gained as a researcher in the Carolina Longitudinal Study, a multimethod, annual assessment of aggression among two cohorts of 695 NC youth initially sampled in grades 4 & 7 & its relation to later problems in living. Theoretical & methodological shortcomings identified in earlier longitudinal studies are described, along with attempts to ameliorate these in the Carolina study; persistent types of "madness" that plague longitudinal research are identified. Stages & strategies in the research design, pilot testing, sample selection, & study initiation in 8 public elementary & middle schools in rural & suburban areas are recounted. Lessons learned about developmental research in general are summarized, along with some specific insights regarding & the dynamic & changing course of individual life trajectories as a function of larger social influences; implications for attempting to predict across generations are considered. 2 Appendixes, 22 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Summarizes the "Summit of the Americas," held 20-22 Apr 2001 in Quebec City, along with concurrent protests against the meeting in the form of a nearby "People's Summit" & other protest activities, including sit-ins, demonstrations, & other "carnivalesque" events. Efforts at the main summit to redefine the terms of global order in the post-Bretton Woods world economy are reviewed, focusing on the goal of creating "transnational subjects" through new forms of transnational governance as the political adjunct to economic changes in the form of global neoliberalism. Oppositional politics that arose in protest to the goals of the summit are described, highlighting their global spread, particularly in the form of "transnational communities of resistance." General discussion is offered on the political construction of transnational subjects & the politics of opposition against the "hemispheric growth machine" represented by such summits. K. Hyatt Stewart

Summarizes the "Summit of the Americas," held 20-22 Apr 2001 in Quebec City, along with concurrent protests against the meeting in the form of a nearby "People's Summit" & other protest activities, including sit-ins, demonstrations, & other "carnivalesque" events. Efforts at the main summit to redefine the terms of global order in the post-Bretton Woods world economy are reviewed, focusing on the goal of creating "transnational subjects" through new forms of transnational governance as the political adjunct to economic changes in the form of global neoliberalism. Oppositional politics that arose in protest to the goals of the summit are described, highlighting their global spread, particularly in the form of "transnational communities of resistance." General discussion is offered on the political construction of transnational subjects & the politics of opposition against the "hemispheric growth machine" represented by such summits. K. Hyatt Stewart

Examines the impact of an FBI & grand jury investigation into the whereabouts of Susan Saxe & Kathy Power -- two women who participated in a bank robbery in Brighton, MA, on 23 Sept 1970, in the name of the Revolutionary Action Force -- on different groups in Lexington, KY, drawing on 1986-1988 oral history interviews with 35+ people. It is shown that the FBI used heavy-handed tactics against 6 individuals in Lexington who were presumed to know the whereabouts of Saxe & Power, an excess that radicalized these individuals, & others who witnessed their treatment. It is suggested that for these white, largely middle-class individuals, this episode was a lesson in being perceived as the Other. Whatever their political activities, they came to understand their very identity as lesbian, gay, or feminist as a kind of radical statement against mainstream society. 22 References. D. Ryfe

The author describes major ultra-nationalist movements (fascism & national socialism) in contemporary Russia. These movements have arisen largely in response to the perceived failure of neoliberalist reforms since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia is a "torn country" that is undergoing political & economic Westernization -- an irreversible process that has brought severe economic problems & a declining standard of living for the majority. The new regime is described as a mixture of liberal democracy, authoritarianism, & capitalism. The author concludes that the shift from Russian communism to national patriotism is a key feature of modernization in post-Soviet Russia, & that the nation's current problems are similar to those caused by globalization & Westernization elsewhere. 1 Table, 34 References. J. R. Callahan

The author revisits the theory of print capitalism & the origins of nationalism as explained in Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities. Anderson, by reducing Marxism & liberal theory to a perspective, elided the sharp disconnection between Marxism & liberalism. This elision effectively permitted the operation of a theoretical discrepancy, which formed the foundation of Anderson's theory of nationalism. This allowed the substitution of non-Marxist concepts of capitalism for the Marxist & permitted capital to represent the capitalist mode of production. In this essay, the author develops his argument by examining the relationship between print capitalism & the demise of the Latin language, nationalism & the consumption of the print commodity, & the role of Christopher Plantin as an early print capitalist. 11 References. A. Funderburg

In this chapter, the author examines the different types of research methodology used in public opinion research, what is being measured in public opinion research -- behavior, knowledge, & views, & distinguishes between opinions, attitudes, & values. References. D. Miller

The author first outlines the case for schools evaluating themselves and present the underlying philosophy and origins of a democratic case study approach to school self-evaluation. Secondly she explores purposes and process and suggests how schools might undertake this task, simply and efficiently taking into account the teaching load and responsibilities they carry. Thirdly she outlines the philosophy of a training programme designed to support schools in this process. Finally, the author examines how the process may be strengthened to include other citizens and to justify the integrity of school self-evaluation to the public, yet maintaining the emphasis on the school evaluating itself. She starts by locating the place of school self-evaluation in the governance of a democratic education system. (DIPF/Orig./Ba.).

Examines the effects of dual citizenship on political incorporation of US immigrants. The author presents a theoretical framework for analyzing contemporary migrants' transnational practices, focusing on Dominican & Colombian migrants in New York City & Salvadoran migrants in Los Angeles. A discussion of perspectives on transnationalism is followed by an analysis of transnational political participation among earlier immigrants & the roots of these practices in the three countries of interest. Next, the author discusses the contexts of immigrant reception in New York & Los Angeles, & provides a detailed analysis of transnational political participation in the Dominican Republic, Colombia, & El Salvador. The article concludes with a comparison of past & present transnational practices, a comparison of European & Latin American immigrants, & a discussion of variation in transnational action across national groups. 1 Table, 104 References. J. R. Callahan

Examines the effects of dual citizenship on political incorporation of US immigrants. The author presents a theoretical framework for analyzing contemporary migrants' transnational practices, focusing on Dominican & Colombian migrants in New York City & Salvadoran migrants in Los Angeles. A discussion of perspectives on transnationalism is followed by an analysis of transnational political participation among earlier immigrants & the roots of these practices in the three countries of interest. Next, the author discusses the contexts of immigrant reception in New York & Los Angeles, & provides a detailed analysis of transnational political participation in the Dominican Republic, Colombia, & El Salvador. The article concludes with a comparison of past & present transnational practices, a comparison of European & Latin American immigrants, & a discussion of variation in transnational action across national groups. 1 Table, 104 References. J. R. Callahan

The performance of Republican & Democratic candidates in the 2000 US congressional election is studied. An overview of the Democratic Party's control over Congress during the late 1980s & early 1990s & the Republican Party's subsequent acquisition of control between 1994 & 2000 is presented; popular predictions of the congressional election's outcome are also reviewed. An analysis of four potential scenarios for the election's outcome revealed that the most likely result -- the Republican Party's continued control over Congress & acquisition of the presidency -- actually occurred. After discussing the election's final result, it is claimed that two models -- deep partisanship & bipartisan coalition-building -- can be used to explain future executive-legislature relations. The Clinton administration's experience with the deep partisanship model & George W. Bush's assertion that bipartisanship can be achieved are then addressed. It is concluded that bipartisanship is necessary to effectively tackle the US's principal problems. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 22 References. J. W. Parker

Discusses the "segmented assimilation" of immigrant students arriving in the US as exemplified by a CA high school with a rapidly increasing immigrant population & how it has responded to issues of race, class, culture, & language. An ethnographic study conducted 1992-1994 focused on 10 immigrant students & their experience of their new country. The author also designed projects to involve students & teachers in related studies of immigration. Immigrant students found themselves caught between the need to gain acceptance by becoming American & the need to remain themselves. Nonimmigrant students had similar concerns, but their problems were related to race rather than national origin, & they tended to ignore immigrants. The article discusses teachers' attempts to deal with the needs of both groups. The author discusses this school as a microcosm of the US immigrant experience. 1 Table, 25 References. J. R. Callahan