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Der Beitrag dokumentiert die Diskussion auf der "Author Meets Critic"-Veranstaltung zu John Urrys "Sociology Beyond Societies" auf dem 32. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie (2004). Zunächst erläutert Urry den Grundgedanken seines Ansatzes, der auf eine Aufhebung der Trennung zwischen Naturwissenschaften und Gesellschaftswissenschaften hinausläuft. Unter dem Leitbild "Komplexität" wird die Analyse physischer und sozialer Welten integriert. Dabei werden auch Elemente von Hardt/Negris "Empire und Multitude"-Konzept aufgegriffen. Der Begriff der Globalen Komplexität steht auch im Mittelpunkt der Kommentare von Junge und Schwengel zu Urrys Buch. (ICE)

This report is categorized into three categories: (I) Introduction, (II) Key Issue and (III) Congressional Action. It also consist a figure for F-22A Weapons Loadout.

This executive order by Governor Mark Sanford declares Monday, December 24, 2007, as the Christmas Eve holiday for state government employees.

The voluntary sector has long been seen as the foundation of a healthy civil society (DeTocqueville, 1961; Leonard & Onyx, 2003). Yet, substantial growth in the last two decades in demand for voluntary sector services in Canada has been accompanied by a significant reduction in government resources supporting the sector's activities (Browne, 1996). This confluence of sector growth and decreased governmental support has resulted in increased competition among voluntary organizations for both capital and human resources (Meinhard & Foster, 2000). Furthermore, the ethnic transformation of Canadian society raises knowledge, policy and practical issues across all sectors, including the voluntary sector. These conditions have pushed many in the voluntary sector to reach beyond their traditional bases of support to consider hitherto untapped segments of society. However, research on the Canadian voluntary sector, particularly with a cross-cultural lens, is a relatively new research domain, with many gaps in the knowledge base. Berger (2004) and Berger & Azaria (2004) have proposed, tested and supported a framework that traces the relationship between sub-group identity and volunteering, as mediated by attitudes, norms and social barriers. In this paper we extend this framework in order to consider the role of volunteering in social integration. (See Figure 1 below.) We use the 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) not only to investigate this relationship in general, but also to examine how it might be moderated by generation and ethnic identification. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation: ; Berger, I., Dinca-Panaitescu, M., Foster, A., & Meinhard, A.(2005). Ethnicity, voluntary behaviour and social integration(Working Paper Series Volume 2005 (1)). Toronto: Ted Rogers School of Management, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Ryerson University.

The Air Force has expressed interest in developing a bomber variant of the F-22A Raptor to "bridge the gap" between today's bombers and a follow-on bomber in 2037. Questions exist regarding the FB-22's feasibility, cost, and combat potential.

Dorothy Eck explains the events that guided her interests in politics, her eventual membership and presidency of the Montana League of Women Voters, and discusses issues backed by that organization. She discusses her experience in the Montana Senate, 1980-2000, and describes former political leaders such as Mike Mansfield, Lee Metcalf, Arnold Olsen, and various influential legislators. At the end of the interview, she gives a detailed account of her participation in the Montana Constitutional Convention of 1972. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1010/thumbnail.jpg

Matt Himsl begins with his arrival in Kalispell, Montana, in 1945 and recalls his 60 years of community service including 24 years as a state legislator. He gives his impressions of and interactions with governors and legislators including Wellington D. Rankin and Governors Nutter, Aronson, and Babcock. Himsl offers anecdotes and discussions of issues including state sales tax and the Anaconda Company. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1023/thumbnail.jpg

Insufficient attention towards the topic of public service motivation among Lithuanian scholars encouragedthe author to choose the object for the paper. The paper starts with the analysis of various theories of motivation(starting with A.Maslow theory of needs hierarchy and analyzing more complex theories of F.Herzberg,K.Alderfer, D.McCleland, V.Vroom, J.Adams, E.Lawler, W.Porter ). Similar theories can serve as the basis forfuture research in Lithuanian public sphere. Author states, that universal theory on motivation does not exist.This fact complicates applicability of various theories in practice as raises the question, which theory is the bestone (qualitative dimension). After choosing the theory, another question is what we have to measure. Attitudes(satisfaction), behavior (involvement) or both these elements should be used trying to measure motivation. Awish to participate in public policy implementation, serving public, loyalty to government; commitment andbenevolence are several specific motivators, which influence public servant's activity. It is shown that workingconditions, work content, salary, work safety, challenges, and possibilities for a career in private and publicsector lead to distinguish certain similarities and differences.

Dave Lewis describes his 40 year participation in politics including his work as budget director, campaign contributor, director of the Department of Administration, director of the State Board of Investments, and as a member of the Montana legislature where he served as chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. Lewis discusses the pros and cons of being a partisan politician and reflects on changing governmental trends in Montana. This interview largely focuses on Governors Judge, Schwinden, Stephens, Racicot and Martz; their agendas; and conflicts during various administrations. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1031/thumbnail.jpg

The rapidly growing literature investigating corporate social responsibility and corporate philanthropy attests to the world-wide interest in this trend, both from an academic perspective and as a legitimate component of commercial success (Burson-Marsteller, 2000; Waddock & Graves, 1997). As Marx (1999) points out, the evolution of corporate philanthropy from donation programs to strategic philanthropy has been well documented in the nonprofit literature, particularly as it relates to US corporations, and indeed research interest in this topic dates back to the 1930s and 1940s (Carroll, 1999). Smith (1994) suggests that most US corporations established philanthropic foundations in the 1960s to demonstrate their obligation to support the American version of the social contract. Part of that contract involved the separation of profit, nonprofit and government roles. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation: ; Foster, M., Meinhard, A., Berger, I., & Wright, P. (2005). From philanthropic strategy to strategic philanthropy: selected Canadian case studies (Working Paper Series Volume 2005 (2)). Toronto: Ted Rogers School of Management, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Ryerson University.

This article seeks to lay a theoretical foundation of the internal decentralization (decentralization in the localmunicipality): its essence and content are defined, the main forms as well as the kinds of forms are identified. Thisis performed by using theoretical propositions of decentralization in the state (at the state level) following differentresearchers' works and verifying whether they are suitable for local municipalities of Lithuania and other countries.In the article the set goal is being sought by these actions:1) the origin and the meaning of the word "decentralization" are explained;2) the essence and the content of decentralization in the state (at the state level) are defined;3) the essence and the content of decentralization in the local municipality are defined, its main forms andkinds of forms are named;4) currently the most frequently applied forms of internal decentralization in local municipalities of othercountries are submitted.In the opinion of the author of the article, decentralization in the local municipality (or internal decentralizationin the local municipality) means the transfer of the powers assigned to municipal bodies, which belong to ahigher hierarchical level, to a subordinate or non-subordinate bodies, which belong to a lower hierarchical level, ordivision of powers to a bigger number of bodies of the same hierarchical level. The bodies that have received thesepowers are guaranteed some discretion to make decisions and operate. Moreover, a certain interaction (relations,responsibilities) between the bodies that have transferred the powers and the ones that have received those powersis foreseen.From the author's of the article point of view, the internal decentralization in the local municipality isperformed by these forms:1) deconcentration;2) transfer of powers (delegation);3) fiscal decentralization;4) economic decentralization.The author thinks that at present the most frequently applied forms of internal decentralization in municipalitiesof different countries are the ...

The author examines modern means of public administration improvement such as New PublicManagement, E-government, strategic planning, Total Quality Management, administrative creativity etc. Allthese means are grouped into efficiency, innovations and means for democracy development. 2003-2004 theresearch was carried out in 20 Lithuanian municipalities. The research pointed such tendencies of internalmunicipalities' administration as more effective communication channels, public servants involvement in thedecision-making process, the evaluation of civil servants demands for training, the development of procedureevaluating the effectiveness of training, the implementation of faster IT development, citizens involvement ininstitutions` management.

The author has carried out a study in regard to aspects of gender equality in politics and publicadministration in Latvia. The author has questioned 85 women, leaders of local governments, interviewed20 respondents in Latvia, asked men, leaders of local governments, for their opinion, as wellas conducted expert interviews in Finland. Results of the study show that the women, leaders of localgovernments, acknowledge themselves as leaders and they are such indeed. Majority of them have notencountered gender discrimination. Women leaders have positive attitude towards women organizations.A half of the respondents suggest other women should participate in politics, work in local governmentswhich gives them satisfaction regardless of the fact that the participation in politics affectstheir family lives, and stereotypes existing in the society about a woman in politics. Results gainedfrom the survey examining men's opinion revealed stereotypical thinking about women holding managerialpositions by emphasizing feminine qualities of the women and the role the woman plays in thefamily. Although it cannot be affirmed that gender discrimination has been ended completely inFinland, interviews with experts in Finland have shown that women's participation in politics, cultureand trust in political power are greater in Finland than in Latvia.

The aim of the paper is to discuss introduction of New Public Management (NPM) ideas in Latvianpublic administration after 1990 in the context of policy transfer. Since, policy transfer conceptincludes a wide scope of actors involved, the paper will concentrate upon politicians and elected officials.Politicians are the only actors in policy transfer who can decide to transfer entire policies. Inthis respect, the motivation of politicians imposed by external and internal constraints to use policytransfer is relevant. In order to explore scope of policy transfer utilised during administrative transformationin Latvia, the author will analyse governmental declarations and the activities performedas the main source describing governmental commitments.

Through three case studies of online political activism on Facebook, this article conceptualizes the deployment of issue publics (Lippmann, 1993; Marres, 2005) on Facebook. We argue that issue publics on Facebook come into being through a specific set of double articulations of code and politics that link and reshape informational processes, communicational constraints and possibilities, and political practices in different and sometimes contradictory ways. Using Maurizio Lazzarato's exploration of immaterial labour (2004), we demonstrate the need to further understand the networking of publics and their issues by considering how online platforms provide the material, communicational, and social means for a public to exist and therefore define the parameters for assembling issues and publics and circumscribe a horizon of political agency. ; Langlois, G., Elmer, G., McKelvey, F., & Devereaux, Z. (2009). Networked Publics: The Double Articulation. Canadian Journal of Communication, 34(3), 415-434. Retrieved from http://www.cjc-online.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/2114