Suchergebnisse

The author sits down with Krishna Menon to discuss 450 years of history in Portuguese India, as well as issues relating to modern-day Goa and contemporary India in general. Adapted from the source document.

This article treats about the role that the United Nations has played in two different moments: before & after the end of Cold War. The author also analyses how peacekeeping operations developed by this international organization have worked in the conflicts that took place in the African continent. Appendixes. Adapted from the source document.

Beginning with historical research about the Balkans, the author traces a social & political profile of the countries that today form the region, placing it until these days & to the military & ethnic conflicts that have taken place on it. The indifference of the major powers with the problematic issues of the region & the inclusion of some of these countries in the European Union are also discussed along the article. References. Adapted from the source document.

This article, taking as a starting point the Gulf Wars, traces the profile of the new world order that took shape with the end of Cold War & the Soviet Union, & the raise of the United States as the major power in the 21st century. The author also affirms that the new world order, proclaimed in order to promote permanent development & peace, combines the economic-politic binomial of the neo-liberal democracy. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with Brazilian participation, as a non-member State, in the activities of the International Refugee Organization (IRO). The author examines first the historical, political & legal context of both the establishment & the mandate of the IRO. He then uses primary sources researched at the Historical Archive of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to analyze the internal decision-making, enforcement & outcomes of Brazilian foreign policy relating to the protection of refugees between 1946 & 1952. References. Adapted from the source document.

In almost four decades of diplomatic service (1941-1980), Jose Calvet de Magalhaes came to deal very closely with the Luso-American connection He was also the author of a significant number of books & essays covering this critical area of contemporary Portuguese foreign policy. Our essay has two main goals: the first is to examine his role in the negotiations that led to the conclusion of the "Azores agreement" of December 1971; secondly, we will try to assess if the quid pro quo negotiated between the Caetano government & the Nixon administration was a good bargain for Portugal in those circumstances. Adapted from the source document.

The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical basis for the application of judicial proceedings (judicializacao) in the foreign policy. The starting point is the classical conceptions of Locke & Montesquieu which conferred a great deal of discretion to the Executive for managing foreign relations, what was gradually counterbalanced by the Legislative & the Judiciary. Approaching the Brazilian literature on the expansion of judicial power to the politics & subsequent misrepresentations, the author tries to apply the concept to the foreign policy & analyses five cases of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. References. Adapted from the source document.

Thirty years after, the May 27, I977 coup attempt is still an embarrassing subject for the MPLA regime in Angola. It is also a highly traumatic memory for the families of those hit by the repression against the fraccionistas as the Nito Alves MPLA faction is still called by the authorities. The author has interviewed rank & file elements who participated in the events & the present article questions many of the current assumptions about the Nito Alves failed coup. Without trying to deny that tensions were accumulating within the MPLA, many of those testimonies do not view the 27 Mayas a coordinated takeover strategy. Adapted from the source document.

In the year that will see the end of Kofi Anna's mandate, this article seeks to give some perspective to the role of the UN Secretary General taking into account both the power structure of the Organization & international context rapidly changing. Firstly, the usual mechanisms of selection of the S-G are examined, & some thought is given to the different ways in which the issue has been addressed by the great powers, in particular by the U.S.A. The author also reviews the potential candidates being discussed in the corridors of world diplomacy & presents some hypotheses as to what can be expected from Kofi Annan's successor. Adapted from the source document.

After a review of the concept of economic growth as a historical process beginning with the capitalist revolution and the formation of the modern national states, the author claims that growth is almost invariably the outcome of a national development strategy. Effective economic development occurs historically when the different social classes are able to cooperate and formulate an effective stretegy to promote growth and face international competition. It follows a discussion of the main characteristics and of the basic tensions that such strategies face in the central countries which first developed, and in the underdeveloped countries, which, besides their domestic problems, confront major challenges in their relations with the rich countries. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The Brazilian federal judiciary offers an interesting riddle to scholars of judicial politics and policy change. While the courts have played a major policy role over the past two decades, constraining and altering federal policy across a range of subjects, the court system has simultaneously been labeled "dysfunctional." This paper investigates this riddle: a system plagued by major systemic flaws in its day-to-day operations, which nonetheless still manages to exert a powerful influence on public policy in Brazil. The author adopts a new institutional perspective, focusing on how the institutional and normative structure within which judges and other legal actors operate affects policy outcomes. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

This article discusses the problematic aspects of Portuguese foreign policy towards Angola. Its basic tenets are assessed through a discussion of key moments in bilateral relations since 1975, particularly the period of reconfiguration following the end of the Cold War (1990-95). The article concludes, firstly, that in the last decade & a half, a series of factors has resulted in an Angola policy that scarcely contributes towards the prestige & national interest of Portugal; & secondly, that pragmatic interest groups from Portugal sustain their successful presence in the Angolan economy through this very policy, & actively seek to perpetuate it. The author suggests that the bilateral rapport as it stands should be thoroughly redefined. Adapted from the source document.

Through an analysis of diplomatic relations between the two old allies in a critical period of the 20th century the author seeks to understand the resilience of the Portuguese Estado Novo in an Europe to which World War II had brought drastic change. Such changes were not sufficient to sway a regime that, having managed to remain removed from the conflict, now worked to appear as a lesser evil in a Europe in turmoil. The approach to the Allies made in the final phase of the war on the basis of the historical ties binding the country to Great Britain, paved the way for a new phase in the relations with the U.S.A., which would materialize with the invitation for Portugal to join the Atlantic Alliance. Adapted from the source document.

This article focuses on the contribution of the Council of Europe (CoE) to the promotion & safeguard of democracy, human rights & the rule of law in Western & Eastern Europe. It is divided in two sections. The first one is an account of how the Council developed a pattern of open & flexible inclusion of new & fragile democracies in the "European political mainstream," without ceasing to promote the development of civil society. The cases chosen here are the relations established with the Iberian states & those of Central & Eastern Europe. Section two highlights some of the legal & institutional innovations brought along with the existence of the CoE & the European Convention of Human Rights. In its conclusion, the author outlines a set of considerations for further reflection on the role of the Council of Europe in the post-9/11 world. Adapted from the source document.