Suchergebnisse

This thesis aims to examine some novels of Alphonse Daudet in relation to the family. Starting from Petit Chose we follow a comparative study between Daudet, Dickens and Ippolito Nievo's novels. The theme of childhood, closely linked to the social, political and cultural life of France, reaches its peak in 1870, French crucial period. Indeed, after the defeat of 1870, the child becomes the most popular literary hero: he symbolizes the national tragedy, but at the same time, he represents the hopes of the nation. Dickens and Ippolito Nievo also addressed, in their novels, the theme of childhood abused and brutalized. For these reasons we have analyzed these Bildungs romans from a psychological point of view highlighting the cathartic value of writing ego. The second part our study is the analysis on the topic of divorce and parental alienation in Rose and Ninette and that of jealousy, adultery and forgiveness in the Petite Parish, highlighting the relevance of these themes daudétinnes. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the reception Daudet's novels in Italy. we tried to understand the role played by our writer in a cultural-historical period in which Emile Zola had a great success in Italy. But we also tried to understand how his reputation assentimental writer how novelist childhood was appreciated by Italian realist writers. We studied the reception of texts daudétiens by reading the articles listed in the Italian press at the time, but this perspective of analysis is also supported by the correspondence between Vittorio Pica and Edmond de Goncourt, from 1881 to 1896, collected in volume Votre fidèle ami de Naples by Nunzio Ruggiero, All'avanguardia book of literary criticism written by Vittorio Pica Ritratti letterari written by Edmondo De Amicis and critical essays by Luigi Capuana and Edoardo Scarfoglio. ; Cette thèse a pour objet d'examiner certaines oeuvres romanesques d'Alphonse Daudet par rapport à la famille. À partir du Petit Chose, nous avons analysé le récit autobiographique tant par rapport ...

Marie Curie programme under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects). Studies of neighbourhood effects typically investigate the instantaneous effect of point-in-time measures of neighbourhood poverty on individual outcomes. It has been suggested that it is not solely the current neighbourhood, but also the neighbourhood history of an individual that is important in determining an individual's outcomes. Using a population of parental home-leavers in Stockholm, Sweden, this study investigates the effects of two temporal dimensions of exposure to neighbourhood environments on personal income later in life: the parental neighbourhood at the time of leaving the home and the cumulative exposure to poverty neighbourhoods in the subsequent 17 years. Using unique longitudinal Swedish register data and bespoke individual neighbourhoods, we are the first to employ a hybrid model, which combines both random and fixed effects approaches in a study of neighbourhood effects. We find independent and non-trivial effects on income of the parental neighbourhood and cumulative exposure to poverty concentration neighbourhoods. ; OTB ; Architecture and The Built Environment

Background The tradition of consuming alcohol has long been a part of Italian culture and is responsible for a large health burden. This burden may be reduced with effective interventions, one of the more important of which is treatment for Alcohol Dependence (AD). The aim of this article is to estimate the burden of disease in Italy attributable to alcohol consumption, heavy alcohol consumption, and AD. An additional aim of this paper is to examine the effects of increasing the coverage of treatment for AD on the alcohol-attributable burden of disease. Methods Alcohol-attributable deaths and the effects of treatments for AD were estimated using alcohol-attributable fractions and simulations. Deaths, potential years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability adjusted life years lost were obtained for 2004 for Italy and for the European Union from the Global Burden of Disease study. Alcohol consumption data were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. The prevalences of current drinkers, former drinkers, and lifetime abstainers were obtained from the GENder Alcohol and Culture International Study. The prevalence of AD was obtained from the World Mental Health Survey. Alcohol relative risks were obtained from various meta-analyses. Results 5,320 deaths (1,530 female deaths; 3,790 male deaths) or 5.9% of all deaths (4.9% of all female deaths; 6.3% of all male deaths) of people 15 to 64 years of age were estimated to be alcohol-attributable. Of these deaths, 74.5% (61.3% for females; 79.8% for males) were attributable to heavy drinking, and 26.9% (25.6% for females; 27.5% for males) were attributable to AD. Increasing pharmacological AD treatment coverage to 40% would result in an estimated reduction of 3.3% (50 deaths/year) of all female and 7.6% (287 deaths/year) of all male alcohol-attributable deaths. Conclusions Alcohol was responsible for a large proportion of the burden of disease in Italy in 2004. Increasing treatment coverage for AD in Italy could reduce that country's alcohol-attributable burden of disease. ; Shield, K. D., Rehm, J., Gmel, G., Rehm, M. X., & Allamani, A. (2013). Alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and related mortality in italy in 2004: Effects of treatment-based interventions on alcohol dependence. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 8(1), 21-21. doi:10.1186/1747-597X-8-21

Susan Kaeser lived in Wisconsin through graduate school. She earned a master of urban planning degree from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, during which time she met Cleveland City Planning Director Norman Krumholz. Krumholz brought her to Cleveland to serve as a city planner. When she arrived in Cleveland in 1976 she lived first in the Ludlow neighborhood near Shaker Square before moving to Cleveland Heights in 1979. In the interview she discusses how she became a community activist, the state of integration in Cleveland Heights in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and her involvement in the early years of Reaching Heights, an organization dedicated to promoting community support of the Cleveland Heights-University Heights school system.

Over recent years there have been several initiatives around the world that aim to roll out smart metering systems, especially within North America and member states of the European Union. Smart metering systems, giving essential conditions for smart grids in the energy sector, can offer services aimed at achieving many different goals beyond the main task of metering electricity consumption of households. Despite the many advantages gained by the smart metering system, there is a number of serious issues that may lead to the system's failure or inability to reach its goals. One such obstacle which can lead to consumers' rejection of smart meters is perceived security and privacy violations of consumers' information. The social rejection of smart meters poses a significant threat to a successful rollout and operation of the system as consumers represent a cornerstone in the fulfillment of goals such as energy efficiency and savings, by their active interaction with the smart meters. To investigate consumers' perception of smart meters theories and models from the technology acceptance literature can be used for understanding consumers' behaviors, and exploring possible factors that can have a significant impact on consumers' acceptance and usage of a smart meter. In this paper, a first-stage hybrid model of a two well-known technology acceptance theories is presented. These theories are: the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology- UTAUT, and Innovation Diffusion Theory- IDT. The hybrid model is further extended with additional acceptance determinants derived from the smart metering case in the Dutch context. The model aims to investigate determinants that can help shed the light on consumers' perception of the system and its acceptance. ; Infrastructures, Systems and Services ; Technology, Policy and Management

Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental health condition with substantial costs to individuals and society. Among military veterans, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD has been estimated to be as high as 20%. Numerous research studies have demonstrated that short-term cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies, such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), lead to substantial and sustained improvements in PTSD symptoms. Despite known benefits, only a minority of clinicians provide these therapies. Transferring this research knowledge into clinical settings remains one of the largest hurdles to improving the health of veterans with PTSD. Attending a workshop alone is insufficient to promote adequate knowledge transfer and sustained skill; however, relatively little research has been conducted to identify effective post-training support strategies. Methods: The current study investigates whether clinicians receiving post-workshop support (six-month duration) will deliver CPT with greater fidelity (i.e., psychotherapy adherence and competence) and have improved patient outcomes compared with clinicians receiving no formal post-workshop support. The study conditions are: technology-enhanced group tele-consultation; standard group tele-consultation; and fidelity assessment with no consultation. The primary outcome is independent assessment (via audio-recordings) of the clinicians' adherence and competence in delivering CPT. The secondary outcome is observed changes in patient symptoms during and following treatment as a function of clinician fidelity. Post-consultation interviews with clinicians will help identify facilitators and barriers to psychotherapy skill acquisition. The study results will inform how best to implement and transfer evidence-based psychotherapy (e.g., CPT) to clinical settings to attain comparable outcomes to those observed in research settings. Discussion: Findings will deepen our understanding of how much and what type of support is needed following a workshop to help clinicians become proficient in delivering a new protocol. Several influences on clinician learning and patient outcomes will be discussed. An evidence-based model of clinical consultation will be developed, with the ultimate goal of informing policy and influencing best practice in clinical consultation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01861769 ; Wiltsey Stirman, S., Shields, N., Deloriea, J., Landy, M. S. H., Belus, J. M., Maslej, M. M., & Monson, C. M. (2013). A randomized controlled dismantling trial of post-workshop consultation strategies to increase effectiveness and fidelity to an evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Implementation Science : IS, 8, 82.

[First paragraph of Introduction] : Nonprofit scholars have investigated several theoretical avenues in their search for an understanding of the role of nonprofit organizations in society. Some discussions have concentrated on the economic role of nonprofit organizations focusing on contribution to GDP (Stewart, 1996, Weisbrod, 1998), job growth (Hall & Banting, 2000), and the labour force value of volunteer work (Day & Devlin, 1996; Duchesne, 1989). Other discussions have considered the role from the perspective of contribution to society in terms of social service provision, and recreational and cultural enrichments beyond what can be provided by the for profit or government sectors (Hall & Banting, 2000, Kramer, 2000, Salamon & Anheier, 1998). Yet, a third scholarly focus has been to investigate the role of voluntary organizations in developing and maintaining social capital. With the publication of Putnam's (2000) book, Bowling Alone, this concept has become the topic of increasing academic discourse, because of the connection that he makes between voluntary associations, social capital and economic development. Indeed, Putnam (1993, 1995) and Fukuyama (1995) conclude that social capital is a precondition for economic prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of voluntary organizations as bridgers and bonders in society and the implications of this role in social and economic development. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation: ; Foster, M. K., Meinhard, A.G. & Berger, I. The Role of Social Capital: Bridging, Bonding or Both? (Working Paper Series Volume 2003(1)). Toronto : Ted Rogers School of Management, Centre for Volunteer Sector Studies, Ryerson University.

Настоящая статья продолжает цикл работ, посвященных дальнейшему совершенствованию гл. 22 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Поскольку постоянно вносимых законодателем в указанную главу изменений и дополнений для ее совершенствования недостаточно, автором проводится анализ составляющих ее уголовно-правовых норм. Выдвигаются предложения, направленные на совершенствование рассматриваемой главы УК Российской Федерации. ; Further improvement of Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the RF is not only change and addition making. The analysis of legal norms shows that there are many wrong norms attached to this Chapter. Accordingly, the norms of Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the RF are aimed at achieving six separate objectives. The first one is protection of a conscientious entrepreneur from officials illegal acts (Articles 169-170.1 CC RF). The second is protection of individuals from illegal acts of others (Article 179 CC RF). The third is protection of sport and other leisure time organizations (Article 184 CC RF). The fourth is protection of individuals from an unfair entrepreneur (Article 176 CC RF). The fifth is protection of a state from unfair citizens. Due to the given objectives, the acts are classified into three subgroups: crimes against government order (Articles 171-1, 180, 181, 185-188, 190-194, 198-199-2 CC RF); crimes against justice (Articles 174-175, 177 CC RF); crimes against state security (Article 189 CC RF). The sixth is protection of an entrepreneur from another (Articles 171-172, 178, 183, 195-197 CC RF). The acts, for which the responsibility is held by legal norms, are various forms of unfair competition. The first is illegal entrepreneurship and banking (Articles 195-197 CC RF). The second is unfair bankruptcy of businesses (Articles 195-197 CC RF). The third is unlawful monopoly activity (Articles 178 CC RF). The fourth is unlawful obtaining and disclosing of tax, commerce and banking secret information (Article 183 CC RF). The norms on imposing criminal responsibility for these acts should be combined into one Chapter of the Criminal Code of the RF as Entrepreneur crimes. Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code is subject to consideration. Taking away unusual norms from Chapter 22 of the CC RF gives the legislator an opportunity to concentrate on legal protection of competition. Due to it the legislator can adequately define criminalization of acts infringing relations in the sphere of entrepreneurship, which is unknown to him but prohibited by foreign criminal law, as well as he can define decriminalization of acts infringing indicated public relations. As a result, the Chapter will be composed of legal norms that protect competition from criminal acts.

There is a growing tendency to release all sorts of public data on the Internet. The greater availability of interoperable public data catalyses secondary use of such data, which leads to growth of information industries and better government transparency. Open data policies may, nevertheless, be in conflict with the individual's right to information privacy as protected by the Data Protection Directive. This directive sets rules to the processing of personal data in the European Union. Technological developments and the increasing amount of publicly available data are, however, blurring the lines between non-personal and personal data. Open data may not seem to be personal data on first glance especially when it is anonymised or aggregated. However, it may become personal data by combining it with other publicly available data or when it is de-anonymised. In this article, we argue that these developments extend the reach of European Union privacy regulation to open data, which may obstruct the implementation of open data policies in the European Union. ; OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment

The Dutch Delta Program is currently developing new government policies for flood protection and fresh water supply. Decision support instruments have to address the program's technical and political complexity. The water system functions are highly interwoven and would benefit from an integrated approach on a national level, with decisions supported by a scientific Systems Analysis. Politically, there is a tendency towards broad participation and decentralization, and decision-making is typically supported by Conflict Resolution methods. To connect these two sides of the Delta Program's task, an outline is presented of an internet community-based interactive instrument, preliminarily named SimDelta. On-line interactive maps and elements of serious gaming intuitively provide local Delta Program participants insight into the interaction between scenarios, problems, and solutions. SimDelta uses the internet to more frequently and efficiently present conceptual designs by architects and engineers to the Delta Program stakeholders, record their preferences, and "crowdsource" corrections, improvements and new ideas. ; Water Management ; Civil Engineering and Geosciences

Born in Clinton, Iowa, in 1985, Salvatore "Sal" Augustine Giunta decided to enlist at age 17, while working in a Subway sandwich shop. He joined the Army in November 2003. He attended Infantry One Station Unit Training and the Basic Airborne Course at Fort Benning, Ga., before being assigned to the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team, Vicenza, Italy, in 2004. Promoted to the rank of staff sergeant in 2009, Giunta completed two combat tours to Afghanistan totaling 27 months of deployment. On Oct. 25, 2007, while conducting a patrol as team leader, Giunta and his team were navigating through the treacherous terrain of Afghanistan's Korengal Valley when they were ambushed by a well-armed and well-coordinated insurgent force. While under heavy enemy fire, Giunta immediately sprinted toward cover and engaged the enemy. Seeing that his squad leader had fallen and believing that he had been injured, Giunta exposed himself to withering enemy fire and raced toward his squad leader, helped him to cover and administered medical aid. While administering first aid, Giunta's body armor was struck by enemy fire. Without regard to the ongoing fire, he engaged the enemy before prepping and throwing grenades, using the explosions for cover in order to conceal his position. Attempting to reach additional wounded fellow soldiers who were separated from the squad, Giunta and his team encountered a barrage of enemy fire that forced them to the ground. The team continued forward and upon reaching the wounded soldiers, Giunta realized that another soldier was still separated from the element. Giunta then advanced on his own initiative. As he crested the top of a hill, he observed two insurgents carrying away an American soldier. He immediately engaged the enemy, killing one and wounding the other. Upon reaching the wounded soldier, he began to provide medical aid as his squad caught up and provided security. For his extraordinary gallantry, Giunta was awarded the Medal of Honor, making him the first living recipient of the Medal of Honor for service in Iraq or Afghanistan, the first living service member to be awarded the Medal of Honor since the Vietnam War and the eighth service member to receive the nation's highest military decoration for valor in Iraq and Afghanistan. Giunta's other military decorations include the Bronze Star, Purple Heart, Army Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster, Army Achievement Medal, National Defense Service Medal, two Army Good Conduct Medals and the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal. Giunta retired from the Army in June 2011, and in 2012 authored "Living with Honor." He currently lives in Colorado with his wife, Jennifer, and daughter.

The primary goal of the paper is to explain the influence of the Austrian diplomat, Anton Prokesch von Osten, on Austria's Near Eastern policy in Vormärz, in particular towards Egypt governed by the powerful pasha, Mohammed Ali, with whom Prokesch met several times and was impressed by his personality and reforms in the land on the Nile. Though Prokesch's views were not always shared by Austrian Chancellor Metternich in the 1830s, Prokesch served him as a prominent adviser on Mohammed Ali and his political ambitions, and Prokesch also contributed by his knowledge of Egypt as well as his diplomatic skills to limit Mohammed Ali's power and destroy Egypt as a local power in the Eastern Mediterranean at the end of the decade. The paper should contribute to the history of not only Austria's diplomatic history but also the history of modern Egypt and its national rebirth in the 19th century.

Although constructing a district heating network could be portrayed as a simple cost/benefit calculation, we suggest that other factors play an important role that cannot be ignored. In this contribution, we suggest that theories concerning cooperation (in industrial networks) roughly apply to micro (e.g. attitudes toward risk and trust), meso (e.g. social networks and club memberships) and macro (e.g. legislation and culture) influences. Given this framework, we present two case studies of district heating networks in the Netherlands and indicate to what extent the identified influences apply. We conclude that all three layers of analysis should be included in a feasibility assessment. ; Infrastructures, Systems and Services ; Technology, Policy and Management

The main objectives of the Third Gas Directive (2009/73EC) approved by the European Union are: unbundling, creating an independent Transport Service Operator (TSO) and ensuring free access to the market. The separation of gas trading from transportation activities required new market rules and gas balancing. Thereby, the TSO's responsibilities are to maintain network pressures within acceptable bounds and to assure residual balancing whereas shippers must ensure adequate gas supplies. Each party involved in natural gas transport can contribute to maintaining the network in balance. If the pressure in the network grid fluctuates beyond certain bounds, each party is responsible for injecting/extracting gas into/out of the network to restore the pressure and keep the balance. The shippers' role is to balance the system if necessary and to ensure enough capacity booked for the natural gas transport. The booking capacity and the uncertainty in gas demand/supply due to alternative fuels, make it difficult for the shippers to deal with capacity booking management. An agent-based model (ABM) is developed for understanding the mechanisms of booking the network such that the system is in balance yet capacity is available to ensure a safe and reliable operation of the grid. It simulates and different booking strategies of shippers. ABM create a flexible environment for experimentation by transposing actors (from the real life) into agents (in the model). They present a promising modelling approach for socio-technical systems to support decision makers. The natural gas supply and demand is simulated; transactions between the parties are being done as well as the call of BPL, if needed. The simulations are used to investigate (new behavioral) strategies of the shippers regarding the network capacity booking. The paper presents the simulation results and reflects on the different strategies and their associated social costs. ; Infrastructures, Systems and Services ; Technology, Policy and Management

The politics of austerity have pushed the third sector to the centre of attention as governments turn to nongovernmental institutions to pick up the social deficits created by economic recession. Some governments have begun supporting alternative service funding through such innovations as social impact bonds (SIBs), a financial product used to encourage the upfront investment of project-oriented service delivery. This article provides an understanding of what SIBs are and traces their emergence within Canada while linking them to their cross-national origins. SIBs are situated conceptually within broader contemporary developments within the nonprofit sector, particularly the agenda of public sector reform and third sector marketization. This analysis focuses on the potential impact of SIBs on nonprofit policy voice and their capacity to represent and meet diverse community needs. ; Joy, M., & Shields, J. (2013, Autumn). Social Impact Bonds: The Next Phase of Third Sector Marketization? Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, 4(2), 39-55. Retrieved from http://www.anserj.ca/index.php/cjnser/article/view/148 ; Abstract in English and French.