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The R Companion to Elementary Applied Statistics includes traditional applications covered in elementary statistics courses as well as some additional methods that address questions that might arise during or after the application of commonly used methods. Beginning with basic tasks and computations with R, readers are then guided through ways to bring data into R, manipulate the data as needed, perform common statistical computations and elementary exploratory data analysis tasks, prepare customized graphics, and take advantage of R for a wide range of methods that find use in many elementary applications of statistics. Features: Requires no familiarity with R or programming to begin using this book. Can be used as a resource for a project-based elementary applied statistics course, or for researchers and professionals who wish to delve more deeply into R. Contains an extensive array of examples that illustrate ideas on various ways to use pre-packaged routines, as well as on developing individualized code. Presents quite a few methods that may be considered non-traditional, or advanced. Includes accompanying carefully documented script files that contain code for all examples presented, and more. R is a powerful and free product that is gaining popularity across the scientific community in both the professional and academic arenas. Statistical methods discussed in this book are used to introduce the fundamentals of using R functions and provide ideas for developing further skills in writing R code. These ideas are illustrated through an extensive collection of examples. About the Author: Christopher Hay-Jahans received his Doctor of Arts in mathematics from Idaho State University in 1999. After spending three years at University of South Dakota, he moved to Juneau, Alaska, in 2002 where he has taught a wide range of undergraduate courses at University of Alaska Southeast.

This title is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education to support the full syllabus for examination from 2020. Reinforce learning and deepen understanding of the key concepts covered in the latest syllabus; an ideal course companion or homework book for use throughout the course. - Develop and strengthen skills and knowledge with a wealth of additional exercises that perfectly supplement the Student's Book. - Build confidence with extra practice for each lesson to ensure that a topic is thoroughly understood before moving on. - Build a strong understanding of the main events of the course and the confidence to know how to use this knowledge. - Keep track of students' work with ready-to-go write-in exercises. - Save time with all answers available in the Online Teacher's Guide

Presentación -- Abreviaturas -- Lección 1. Introducción al sistema tributario español -- I. Introducción -- II. La distribución territorial del poder tributario. El sistema tributario autonómico y local -- III. La clasificación de los impuestos estatales en atención a la capacidad económica gravada -- 1. Los impuestos directos -- 2. Los impuestos indirectos -- Lección 2. El Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas -- I. Elementos estructurales -- 1. Naturaleza, objeto y características -- 2. El hecho imponible del IRPF -- 3. Las rentas exentas -- 4. El sujeto pasivo del IRPF -- 5. El período impositivo y el devengo en el IRPF -- 6. La imputación temporal de las rentas -- II. La determinación de la renta sometida a gravamen -- 1. Determinación de la base imponible y liquidable -- 2. Los rendimientos del trabajo -- 3. Los rendimientos del capital -- 4. Los rendimientos de actividades económicas -- 5. Las ganancias y pérdidas patrimoniales -- 6. Las reglas especiales de valoración -- 7. Los regímenes especiales. En particular, las imputaciones de renta -- III. La liquidación del impuesto -- 1. Clases de renta -- 2. La integración y compensación de rentas positivas y negativas -- 3. La base imponible general y del ahorro -- 4. La base liquidable general y del ahorro -- 5. La determinación de la cuota íntegra del IRPF -- 6. El mínimo personal y familiar -- 7. Especialidades aplicables en los supuestos de anualidades por alimentos a favor de los hijos -- 8. El gravamen complementario a la cuota íntegra estatal -- 9. Las deducciones -- 10. La determinación de la cuota líquida -- 11. La cuota diferencial. Reducciones de la cuota líquida total -- 12. La determinación de la cantidad a pagar o a devolver -- 13. La tributación familiar -- 14. La obligación de declarar -- Lección 3. El impuesto sobre sociedades -- I. Elementos estructurales

As the Muslim women's question was articulated by men in the 'reform' movement (as in other communities), the participation of women was also by their (male) design; many times, women's reform activities were seen as evidence of their own (male) progress. This paper examines the role of women initiated in the reform movement and the 'role model' they were expected to play, especially if educated and wedded to one active in 'reform.' The paper takes up the study of Wahid Jahan in reform, wife of Sheikh Abdullah, a pioneer in Muslim women's education at Aligarh in the early twentieth century. Initiated in reform by her husband, and expected to follow his guidelines in all-important matters like being a 'good wife', her life would still be worthwhile to explore if the wife's commitment and initiatives moved beyond the expectations or dictates of her husband. The paper thus, through biographical writings on Wahid Jahan, seeks to examine the larger question of reform normative and wife's agency; whether it was possible for a wife as subordinate partner in reform and agent at home, to extend spaces for women both in the family and the school, or to separate herself from her roles.