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This volume tackles Gödel's two-stage project of first using Husserl's transcendental phenomenology to reconstruct and develop Leibniz' monadology, and then founding classical mathematics on the metaphysics thus obtained. The author analyses the historical and systematic aspects of that project, and then evaluates it, with an emphasis on the second stage. The book is organised around Gödel's use of Leibniz, Husserl and Brouwer. Far from considering past philosophers irrelevant to actual systematic concerns, Gödel embraced the use of historical authors to frame his own philosophical perspective. The philosophies of Leibniz and Husserl define his project, while Brouwer's intuitionism is its principal foil: the close affinities between phenomenology and intuitionism set the bar for Gödel's attempt to go far beyond intuitionism. The four central essays are `Monads and sets', `On the philosophical development of Kurt Gödel', `Gödel and intuitionism', and `Construction and constitution in mathematics'. The first analyses and criticises Gödel's attempt to justify, by an argument from analogy with the monadology, the reflection principle in set theory. It also provides further support for Gödel's idea that the monadology needs to be reconstructed phenomenologically, by showing that the unsupplemented monadology is not able to found mathematics directly. The second studies Gödel's reading of Husserl, its relation to Leibniz' monadology, and its influence on his published writings. The third discusses how on various occasions Brouwer's intuitionism actually inspired Gödel's work, in particular the Dialectica Interpretation. The fourth addresses the question whether classical mathematics admits of the phenomenological foundation that Gödel envisaged, and concludes that it does not. The remaining essays provide further context. The essays collected here

Reveals, from a non-Eurocentric perspective, how Indian states developed and implemented maritime strategies which posed a serious threat to British naval power in the region. Most books on the colonisation of India view the subject in Eurocentric imperial terms, focusing on the ways in which European powers competed with each other on land and at sea and defeated Indian states on land, and viewing Indian states as having little interest in naval matters. This book, in contrast, reveals that there was substantial naval activity on the part of some Indian states and that this activity represented a serious threat to Britain's naval power. Considering the subject from an Indian point of view, the book discusses the naval activities of the Mahratta Confederacy and later those of Mysore under its energetic rulers Haidar Ali and his successor Tipu Sultan. Itshows how these states chose deliberately to develop a naval strategy, seeing this as the most effective way of expelling the British from India; how their strategies learned from European maritime technology, successfully blending this with Indian technology; how their opposition to British naval power was at its most effective when they allied themselves with the other European naval powers in the region - France, Portugal and the Netherlands, whose maritime activities in the region are fully outlined and assessed; and how ultimately the Indian states' naval strategies failed. Philip MacDougall, a former lecturer in economic history at the University of Kent, is a founder member of the Navy Dockyards Society, editor of the Society's Transactions, and the author or editor of seven books in maritime history, including The Naval Mutinies of 1797 (The Boydell Press, 2011).

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface to the Bloomsbury Revelations Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Setting the Scene -- Part One The Demand for Liberty -- Chapter 2 The Reformation and the Beginning of Modern Liberty -- Chapter 3 Freeing the Mind -- Chapter 4 The Fight against Absolutism -- Part Two The Extension of Liberty -- Chapter 5 Slaves, Workers, Women and the Struggle for Liberty -- Chapter 6 The Liberty Century -- Chapter 7 Rights out of Wrongs -- Chapter 8 The Idea of Liberty and the Verge of Betrayal -- Postscript -- Appendices Landmarks on the Road to Freedom -- Appendix 1 The Bill of Rights 1689 -- An act declareing the Rights and Liberties of the subject and settling the succession of the Crowne -- Appendix 2 The United States Bill of Rights 1791 -- Amendments 1–10 of the Constitution of the United States of America -- Appendix 3 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen -- Approved by the National Assembly of France, 26 August, 1789 -- Appendix 4 The Chartists' 'Six Points' and Petition -- The six points of the people's charter -- The 1838 Chartists' petition -- Appendix 5 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly of the United Nations resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948 -- Notes -- 1 Setting the Scene -- 2 The Reformation and the Beginning of Modern Liberty -- 3 Freeing the Mind -- 4 The Fight against Absolutism -- 5 Slaves, Workers, Women and the Struggle for Liberty -- 6 The Liberty Century -- 7 Rights out of Wrongs -- 8 The Idea of Liberty and the Verge of Betrayal -- Bibliography -- Index -- A Note on the Author

"This volume explores the nature of civil war in the modern world and in historical perspective. Civil wars represent the principal form of armed conflict since the end of the Second World War, and certainly in the contemporary era. The nature and impact of civil wars suggests that these conflicts reflect and are also a driving force for major societal change. In this sense, Understanding Civil War: Continuity and Change in Intrastate Conflict argues that the nature of civil war is not fundamentally changing in nature. The book includes a thorough consideration of patterns and types of intrastate conflict and debates relating to the causes, impact, and 'changing nature' of war. A key focus is on the political and social driving forces of such conflict and its societal meanings, significance and consequences. The author also explores methodological and epistemological challenges related to studying and understanding intrastate war. A range of questions and debates are addressed. What is the current knowledge regarding the causes and nature of armed intrastate conflict? Is it possible to produce general, cross-national theories on civil war which have broad explanatory relevance? Is the concept of 'civil wars' empirically meaningful in an era of globalization and transnational war? Has intrastate conflict fundamentally changed in nature? Are there historical patterns in different types of intrastate conflict? What are the most interesting methodological trends and debates in the study of armed intrastate conflict? How are narratives about the causes and nature of civil wars constructed around ideas such as ethnic conflict, separatist conflict and resource conflict? This book will be of much interest to students of civil wars, intrastate conflict, security studies and IR in general"--

Since after the Second World War, the crime of aggression is - along with genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes - a "core crime" under international law. However, despite a formal recognition of aggression as a matter of international criminal law and the reinforcement of the international legal regulation of the use of force by States, numerous international armed conflicts occurred but no one was ever prosecuted for aggression since 1949. This book comprehensively analyses the historical development of the criminalisation of aggression, scrutinises in a detailed manner the relevant jurisprudence of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals as well as of the Nuremberg follow-up trials, and makes proposals for a more successful prosecution for aggression in the future. In identifying customary international law on the subject, the book draws upon a wealth of applicable sources of national criminal law and puts forward a useful classification of States´ legislative approaches towards the criminalisation of aggression at the national level. It also offers a detailed analysis of the current international legal regulation of the use of force and of the Rome Statute´s substantive and procedural provisions pertaining to the exercise of the International Criminal Court´s jurisdiction with respect to the crime of aggression, after 1 January 2017. A first monograph on the crime of aggression written by an author from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) for an international audience, the book assembles the normative experience of States representing the major legal systems of the world, and will be useful to practitioners, academics and students of international law

This book tracks the evolution of Malcolm X from a racist, espousing the essentialist ideals of the Nation of Islam to a human rights activist, aware of the broader early 1960's struggle against imperial forces. Central to this was his strategic use of race to unite African-American initially and then the oppressed people in the world. Race was used as a strategy with the aim to abolish racial oppression. In the first chapter of this study we look at the constraints, most notably the white power structure, present in the United States during the mid-1960s which, on one hand gave form to Malcolm's thinking, and on the other, made it necessary for Malcolm to add an international dimension to his thinking. The second chapter explores Malcolm's racial theorising in 1964-65 when he identified the two stages which were necessary for the attainment of a colour-blind society. While Africa, as both idea and place, served as a cultural base, it also acted as a springboard to an international coalition of oppressed people. By linking the domestic and the international politics of Malcolm X, this study highlights the sense of purpose with which Malcolm X articulated his arguments concerning the future of the African-American community and their involvement in the American society. The author graduated with a BA (Hons) English degree from the University of Mauritius. His undergraduate dissertation focused on Native Americans and their relationship to the land. After that, he took an MA in American Studies at the University of Manchester where his thesis considered the African-Americans' differing ideological struggles in the Civil Rights Movement.

Informed by systems thinking, this book explores new perspectives in which culture and management are harmoniously integrated and cultural heritage is interpreted both as an essential part of the social and economic context and as an expression of community identity. The combination of a multidisciplinary approach, methodological rigor and reference to robust empirical findings in the fertile field of analysis of UNESCO's contribution mean that the book can be considered a reference for the management of cultural heritage. It casts new light on the complex relation of culture and management, which has long occupied both scholars and practitioners and should enable the development of new pathways for value creation. The book is based on research conducted within the framework of the Consorzio Universitario di Economia Industriale e Manageriale (University Consortium for Industrial and Managerial Economics), a network of universities, businesses and public and private institutions that is dedicated to the production and dissemination of knowledge in the field. This volume will be of interest to all who are involved in the study and management of the cultural heritage. Gaetano M. Golinelli is Emeritus Professor of Business Management at Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. He is president of CUEIM, a non profit research center supported by more than 20 state universities. Professor Golinelli is also scientific director of the journal Sinergieand the main contributor to the development of the Viable Systems Approach (VSA) research stream. He has been a speaker at the Paris 2011 UNESCO Headquarters and is author of more than 80 scientific works in the field of business management.

A groundbreaking work that paves the way for a new, pro-active financial systemWith The Monetary System, innovative author pairing Jean-Francois Serval and Jean-Pascal Tranie devise a comprehensive economic modeling system that accounts for the unprecedented situation facing international and regional economies by developing a controversial new stance on the operation of money in society. Presenting a classification of financial instruments with a view toward their underlying legal structures, the book sheds new light on the present economic and financial problems of slow growth and rising debts, and proposes possible outcomes for the global economy.The authors have already gained international attention with their novel approach to currency, and now they turn their attention to the social function of money in all its myriad forms. The book provides a way forward in an era of increased life expectancy and other new social patterns and the social role of money provides a framework for understanding intergenerational redistribution—an urgently pressing task in our time.New aggregate financial categories and economic modeling reveal a possible foundation for increased financial stabilityCompanion website includes key mathematical models, accounting standards, and PowerPoint slidesComprehensive theoretical underpinning presents the contemporary model of money as a social contractInsights into the current economic situation make sense of sovereign debt risk in markets around the worldWith questions and answers at the end of each chapter, The Monetary Systemwill help you form a new conception of the role of money in society. Improved regulation and tax policies are needed to stabilize the global economy, and this book provides the framework for getting there.

In American history, four U.S. Presidents have been murdered at the hands of an assassin. In each case the assassinations changed the course of American history. But most historians have overlooked or downplayed the many threats modern presidents have faced, and survived. Author Mel Ayton sets the record straight in his new book Hunting the Presidents: Threats, Plots and Assassination Attempts--From FDR to Obama, telling the sensational story of largely forgotten--or never-before revealed--malicious attempts to slay America's leaders. Supported by court records, newspaper archives, government reports, FBI files, and transcripts of interviews from presidential libraries, Hunting the Presidents reveals: How an armed, would-be assassin stalked President Roosevelt and spent ten days waiting across the street from the White House for his chance to shoot him How the Secret Service foiled a plot by a Cuban immigrant who told coworkers he was going to shoot LBJ from a window overlooking the president's motorcade route How a deranged man broke into Reagan's California home and attempted to strangle the former president before he was subdued by Secret Service agents. In early 1992 a mentally deranged man stalking Bush turned up at the wrong presidential venue for his planned assassination attempt The relationships presidents held with their protectors and the effect it had on the Secret Service's mission Hunting the Presidents opens the vault of stories about how many of our recent Presidents have come within a hair's breadth of assassination, leaving America's fate in the balance. Most of these stories have remained buried--until now. Includes glossy photo signature of historic pictures and documents.

"Marilyn Holt skillfully shows that the Cold War competition among the super powers further enhanced public policy trends in the United States with roots in the New Deal and the Second World War."-Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth "Comprehensive and cogent."-American Studies "Holt's book undoubtedly fills an important gap in the literature. Other authors have discussed postwar childhood, but no other author has investigated so thoroughly the numerous ways in which the federal government began to assume responsibility for children's lives in the postwar period. Holt's book also examines childhood populations that have gone largely unexamined by scholars writing about any period in American history. Among the children discussed are Native American children, war refugees, children of migrant laborers and disabled children."-Reviews in American History "In sum, Cold War Kids is a well-researched and nicely argued book that improves our understanding of Cold War political culture."-American Historical Review "The book is at its best when Holt situates the work of various federal bureaus, committees, and departments within the larger cultural context."-Journal of Interdisciplinary History "Throughout the book, Holt successfully highlights the things that Americans said they wanted for their children-health, education, and hope in a world of insecurities-while specifying how Cold War tensions influenced government programs in form and function. Hold convincingly argues that childhood 'achieved a new importance both culturally and politically' on the frontline of democracy in postwar America."-The Annals of Iowa "During the immediate post-World War II years, a national preoccupation with children and youth heralded notable shifts in American housing, education, child-welfare policies, and health care. In Cold War Kids, historian Marilyn Holt

"This volume explores the nature of civil war in the modern world and in historical perspective. Civil wars represent the principal form of armed conflict since the end of the Second World War, and certainly in the contemporary era. The nature and impact of civil wars suggests that these conflicts reflect and are also a driving force for major societal change. In this sense, Understanding Civil War: Continuity and Change in Intrastate Conflict argues that the nature of civil war is not fundamentally changing in nature. The book includes a thorough consideration of patterns and types of intrastate conflict and debates relating to the causes, impact, and 'changing nature' of war. A key focus is on the political and social driving forces of such conflict and its societal meanings, significance and consequences. The author also explores methodological and epistemological challenges related to studying and understanding intrastate war. A range of questions and debates are addressed. What is the current knowledge regarding the causes and nature of armed intrastate conflict? Is it possible to produce general, cross-national theories on civil war which have broad explanatory relevance? Is the concept of 'civil wars' empirically meaningful in an era of globalization and transnational war? Has intrastate conflict fundamentally changed in nature? Are there historical patterns in different types of intrastate conflict? What are the most interesting methodological trends and debates in the study of armed intrastate conflict? How are narratives about the causes and nature of civil wars constructed around ideas such as ethnic conflict, separatist conflict and resource conflict? This book will be of much interest to students of civil wars, intrastate conflict, security studies and IR in general"--

"A practical guide to leveraging your data to spur innovation and growth. Your business generates reams of data, but what do you do with it? Reporting is only the beginning. Your data holds the key to innovation and growth - you just need the proper analytics. In Big Data, Big Innovation: Enabling Competitive Differentiation Through Business Analytics, author Evan Stubbs explores the potential gold hiding in your un-mined data. As Chief Analytics Officer for SAS Australia/New Zealand, Stubbs brings an industry insider's perspective to guide you through pattern recognition, analysis, and implementation. Big Data, Big Innovation: Enabling Competitive Differentiation Through Business Analytics details a groundbreaking approach to ensuring your company's upward trajectory. Use this guide to leverage your customer information, financial reports, performance metrics, and more to build a rock-solid foundation for future growth. Build an effective analytics team, and empower them with the right tools Learn how big data drives both evolutionary and revolutionary innovation, and who should be responsible Identify data collection and analysis opportunities and implement action plans Design the platform that suits your company's current and future needs Quantify performance with statistics, programming, and research for a more complete picture of operations Effective management means combining data, people, and analytics to create a synergistic force for innovation and growth. If you want your company to move forward with confidence, Big Data, Big Innovation: Enabling Competitive Differentiation Through Business Analytics can show you how to use what you already have and acquire what you need to succeed"--

"Do you really think you are getting a good deal when given that free mobile phone for switching service providers, if a multinational retailer undercuts its competitors or by the fact that food is relatively cheaper today in many countries than ever before? Think again! As Michael Carolan clearly shows in this compelling book, cheapness is an illusion. The real cost of low prices is alarmingly high. It is shown for example that citizens are frequently subsidising low prices through welfare support to poorly-paid workers in their own country, or relying on the exploitation of workers in poor countries for cheap goods. Environmental pollution may not be costed into goods and services, but is paid for indirectly by people living away from its source or by future generations. Even with private cars, when the total costs of this form of mobility are tallied it proves to be an astronomically expensive model of transportation. All of these costs need to be accounted for. The author captures these issues by the concept of cheaponomics . The key point is that costs and risks are socialised: we all pay for cheapness, but not at the point of purchase. Drawing on a wide range of examples and issues from over-consumption and waste to over-work, unemployment, inequality, and the depersonalising of communities, it is convincingly shown that cheapness can no longer be seen as such a bargain. Instead we need to refocus for a better sense of well-being, social justice and a balanced approach to prosperity."--Publisher description

The recent global economic crisis has highlighted the importance of strong corporate governance systems. The failure of many of the 'gatekeepers' (i.e. auditors) to protect the efficiency of the financial markets has left many wondering whether there exists a sound model of corporate governance and if so, what the features of such a model are. The International Corporate Governance System: Audit Roles and Board Oversight provides a comprehensive legal, economic and financial approach to corporate governance. It addresses the practical aspects of corporate governance, auditing and risk management whether within principles-based regulatory approach or the rules-based approach. Starting with the OECD principles, their application by both the IMF and the World Bank, the book analyzes and compares corporate governance systems in the US, the UK, Canada, Australasia, Japan, Continental Europe, the BRICS, Saudi Arabia. The book moves on to analyze the audit roles and legislations in the US (SOX Act), the EU Statutory Audit Directive, the ROSC, the Audit Scandals, the auditors' liabilities, and the future of auditing. Finally, the author provides comprehensive coverage of the board oversight function, the management fraud types and the role of the audit committee. The International Corporate Governance System is geared to a large public of lawyers, economists, financiers, and accountants who want to enhance their knowledge and skills in this interdisciplinary field. Business school students, law graduates, economics graduates will learn how law and regulation affect management practices, strategies and aims. Likewise, government officials, risk managers, chief financial officers, chief operating officers in charge of supervision and enforcement of laws and regulations will find a guide in their difficult environment.

Since 2007-08 the global economy has faced two global food price crises, placing the issue of food security firmly back on national and international agendas. In this thought-provoking and persuasively argued book, Jane Harrigan, Professor of Economics at SOAS, examines the impact of the food price hikes on the Arab region and illuminates the linkages between the food price crisis, the Arab Spring, and the growing practice of foreign land acquisition. This book provides a political economy analysis of the history of food security in the Arab world, including the geopolitics of food and its use as a foreign policy tool by the Western world. It contains an in-depth examination of the role played by the global food crisis of 2007-11 as a trigger factor in the Arab Spring. The responses of the governments of the Arab states to these events are presented using the concept of food sovereignty, defined by the author as power and control over food supplies in ways that often violate economic and market forces. The recent push for food sovereignty has involved both a new drive to increase domestic Arab food production and land acquisition overseas -- the so-called land grab phenomenon. Both of these dynamics are analysed in depth from a political and an economic perspective, including a detailed study of Saudi Arabia. The Political Economy of Arab Food Sovereignty presents the first comprehensive study of the interplay between food politics and power in the Arab region, making it indispensable reading for all those interested in the political economy of the Arab world and food security.