Suchergebnisse

From political practitioners' point of view the pre-election campaign publicity is a complicated political phenomenon and at the same time the process built upon the rules of political communication that fulfills a number of consistent functions during campaign. Among these functions are: political party, new election bloc or separate candidate's name identification; election bloc and can didate's im age building; election platform identification, issue development and exploitation; campaign messages symbolization and advertising as well as others. The author came to the conclusion that these types of factors in most cases motivate voter choices in elections in Ukraine.

The article is written in form of pseudo dialogue between sociologist and lawyer. The data of interrogation of Kharkiv region in habitants in few indicators is showed in the article:
1. A part of victimized residents during last 12 months (population's victimization proportion).
2. General quantity of reported crimes during survey.
3. Quantity of police reports.
4. Degree of latency.
The so called "Latency paradox" as a world-view and as a methodological problem is discussed in the article. The author maintains the thought about necessity of developing the domestic sociology of crime in cooperation with other criminal-law disciplines.

The EU's scientific potential is increasingly flowing into the world of new scientific knowledge. The object of this paper is the communication interpretation of the Open Science policy, covering not only access and storage of scientific information and preservation of scientific information, but communication aspects also. Purpose of the study: Establish modern trends in the scientific ecosystem oriented towards facilitating the publication and communication of scientific results. Tasks of the study: Compare new solutions in science communication models in the most popular platforms, and explore what is the alternative to traditional scientific journals. Methodology/approach: The qualitative systematic review (qualitative evidence synthesis), scientific criticism of sociological surveys, methods of analytic and synthetic processing of primary and secondary resources, secondary data analysis and overview of scientific publications available in the libraries worldwide, have been used to obtain data about the impact of new EU solutions: the European Road Map for development of the European Research Area (ERA), the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, etc. A comparative analysis of innovation in publishing platforms was conducted with special attention to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Gates Open Research platform. Results: The creators of the Gates Open Research platform defend the view of the rapid and socially beneficial effect of new and publicly-accepted scientific knowledge. The cutting-edge solutions are: transfer power from the hands of editors to the hands of the authors; minimize barriers or gatekeepers on the path of the new scientific outcome for society; assessment of the research not in view of the venue of publication but on the basis of the intrinsic value of the completed study; minimize the funds invested in publishing and dissemination. Implications: The conclusions can be important in identifying technological and ideological regularities for optimizing the model of scientific publications and increasing the speed and visibility of any scientific news.

The article is dedicated to discussion of the main features of political regime transformation in post-soviet Ukraine. In definition of political regime the au thor follows the actor-centered neo-institutional approach that allows focusing on individual and collective social practices determined by an actor's interests, situation, and strategy of action, as well as limited by his/her habits, social skills, resources, and rules. The author argues an illiberal democratic character of former political regime, which was embodied at the end of 1990s in Ukraine, and discusses the zigzags of its future development. The question about social and political factors of the Orange Revolution explosion is also examined.

This chapter examines the dynamics and determinants of different forms of protest activities in Southeast Europe. The author follows a longitudinal approach using statistical analysis of survey datasets, thereby capturing the dynamism of the phenomena allowing for both a single-country analysis and cross-national comparison. The contribution aims to profile different types of protesters and their elite-challenging protest action repertoire, as well as factors that may account for their preference for certain forms of protest actions over others. The chapter ultimately illustrates the implications for our understanding of how protest action repertoires are reconfigured in post-communist societies and their consequences for democratic governance in the region.

"This chapter examines literature on the factors which explain the different levels of attention lavished on political events by the news media. The chapter first identifies several typologies and conceptualizations of events. The author argues that the amount of media attention is not determined by the significance of an event alone but rather by an interplay of criteria both internal and external to the news media (e.g., journalistic co-orientation). Furthermore, the chapter reflects upon how the news media sometimes link similar but unrelated events creating a media-hype or news wave that sometimes has important political consequences. This amplification of coverage happens in a series of stages that are discussed in detail in the remaining part of the chapter." (publisher's description)

"This chapter reviews literature on selective exposure in political communication. It first points to the importance of selectivity given an unprecedented amount and diversity of media sources. The chapter then focuses on the antecedents, psychological processes (e.g., confirmation bias), and outcomes of selective exposure to media content. The relevance of media credibility and hostile media perceptions, of tendencies to self-confirm, and of informational utility for selective exposure are discussed. The chapter then reflects on the consequences of selective exposure for the accessibility of attitudes and partisanship. The author concludes that selective exposure is in fact governed by attitude importance and a confirmation bias, even though informational utility may override this tendency under certain circumstances." (publisher's description)

"This chapter reviews the empirical foundations of key normative theories of political communication, which are the fundaments of media politics, media law, and media research. Because of the complexity of the theories and the contradictions between them, this essay focuses on a few criteria that allow for comparing them. More specifically, the theories are first compared with respect to their concept of man, their idea of society and their perspective on public communication. In a second step, theoretical assumptions are contrasted with empirical findings from political communication research. The author concludes that theories holding extreme positions are based on empirically untenable assumptions and argues that eliminating such deficits is one of the main future challenges for political communication research." (publisher's description)

"This chapter reviews literature on selective exposure in political communication. It first points to the importance of selectivity given an unprecedented amount and diversity of media sources. The chapter then focuses on the antecedents, psychological processes (e.g., confirmation bias), and outcomes of selective exposure to media content. The relevance of media credibility and hostile media perceptions, of tendencies to self-confirm, and of informational utility for selective exposure are discussed. The chapter then reflects on the consequences of selective exposure for the accessibility of attitudes and partisanship. The author concludes that selective exposure is in fact governed by attitude importance and a confirmation bias, even though informational utility may override this tendency under certain circumstances." (publisher's description).

"The author explores in her chapter the EU external policies with regard to EU-Mercosur relations. Due to deeply embedded norms of both liberalism and protectionism and as a result of EU's promotion of both development and regional integration, EU policy towards Mercosur marks a stark contrast to the policy of the USA in this region. This contribution applies historical institutionalism in order to comprehend how liberal tenants of EU competition policy as well as the protectionism of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have shaped the EU-Mercosur relationship. In particular, Spain's aspirations in promoting EU-Latin American relations and the contribution of the EU's competition policy with regard to the Southern Cone, will be examined." (author's abstract)

"Decentralised policy formation and implementation is one of the salient features of China's family planning programme that is the most important driving force of China's fertility transition. This paper reviews the differentials in local policy and programmes, and examines their effects on patterns of fertility transition across China. Major consequences of the differential fertility transition, such as varied processes of population ageing and labour force supply etc. at provincial level, are then discussed. The author argues that the success of government population policy to a large extent is determined by socio-economic and cultural factors. On the other hand, regional demographic patterns have profound impact on China's regional and rural-urban differences in terms of socio-economic development. Large scale migration is one of such examples." (author's abstract)

The author examines the regional factor's influence on integrative and activating functions of political culture of the population of Ukraine. As a factor of influence on the above-mentioned functions, the region is treated as a territorial organization of socio-political and socio-cultural aspects of a community's activity. The congruence of common socio-cultural values, as well as the level of political solidarity is researched on the basis of historical identity, spatial-territorial self-identification, a desirable line of the regional development related to the opposition "nationally integrated — regionally autonomous", as well as the degree of authoritarianism in a territorial community. Empirical data allow concluding about political culture of all regions of Ukraine that can be defined as tending to the integrative-passive type with slight differences.

"This chapter reviews research on the long-term development of political communication, mainly focusing on the changes occurring over the last decades. The overview first discusses conceptual, theoretical and methodological issues, addressing trends like mediatization and professionalization as well as several phase models developed to describe changes of political communication. Then, the author reflects upon the evolution of mass media and political communication, including technological, organizational and economical changes and their consequences for political media content and political journalism. After that political communication is looked at in a broader perspective of political and social changes which both condition and stimulate the transformation of political communication (e.g., Americanization, modernization, globalization, localization). Finally, the political consequences of this transformation are touched upon by discussing recent trends in election campaign communication." (publisher's description)

"The chapter examines the impact of the EU on Latin American policies. According to the author, this has received less attention as most research has highlighted interregional relations or the relationship between the EU and individual Latin American countries. By examining the contributions and impact of the EU to the improvement of democracy in Latin America this chapter applies an analytical framework of norm-diffusion in Latin American countries. The settings for diffusion of norms, the strength of positive and negative conditionality and the conditions of the norm-takers to embrace the orientation of EU values play a significant role here. Depending on the sub-region or Latin American country, the norm-diffusion policies of the EU have a divergent impact. This will be illustrated in three contrasting cases of Mexico, Venezuela and Honduras." (author's abstract)

"The chapter provides an overview of the EU's policy towards the International Criminal Court (ICC). Also, the EU's policy and support towards the ICC will be compared and contrasted to that of the USA. Given that the Bush administration was severely against the ICC, the author argues that the EU has engaged in 'normative binding' in its global campaign for the ratification of the Roman Statute. An international system based on restrictive norms is significant for the EU in order to be able to increase its power. Since it cannot compete with the US on military terms the ICC provides the EU with a framework to oppose unilateralist US policies. Involving the US into this 'normative binding' may increase the EU's soft power and thus its promotion of international legal institutions has implications for the international system." (author's abstract)