Suchergebnisse

This is a history of IBM, a huge multinational firm, from its origins in the 1880s to the present. It demonstrates that this supplier of computers, software and information technology services played a profound role in shaping how other large organizations and economies evolved in the twentieth century. It describes its strategies, expansions, how various parts of the company collaborated and competed within the firm overcoming problems, a nearly fatal period in the early 1990s, and its recurring revivals and successes. The book is unique for several reasons. First, it is a comprehensive volume covering technologies, managerial actions, strategies, sales, the role of customers, and government regulatory and legal issues. Second, it is the only history that covers the post 1980 period down to 2018. (The last major history of IBM was published in the early 1990s.) Third, its emphasis on the role of corporate and sales culture is unique among books concerning IBM. Fourth, this book provides the greatest amount of detail available today about IBM's role in Western and Eastern Europe. The book is also unique because the author brings to the project several perspectives: that of an employee close to much of the critical events of one-third of the company's history, that of a trained historian, and that of an experienced student of the history of computing in business. Thus, he is able to integrate the entire history of the company from its origins to the present, demonstrating, for example, legacies of a prior era still evident in today's company, an ability to connect IBM's behaviors in each decade to those of other large multinational corporations, and to the computing activities of its many thousands of customers--

This book deals with post-Cold War processes of autocratization, that is, regime change towards autocracy. While these processes are growing in number and frequency, autocratization remains a relatively understudied phenomenon, especially its most recent manifestations. In this volume, the authors offer one of the first cross-regional comparative analyses of the recent processes of regime change towards autocracy. Building on an original conceptual framework, the two authors engage in the empirical investigation of the spreading of this political syndrome, of the main forms that it takes, and of the modes through which it unfolds in countries ruled by different political regimes, with different histories and belonging to different regional contexts. The research is conducted through a mix of research techniques that include descriptive statistical analysis, Qualitative Comparative Analysis and case study. This book will be of interest to a heterogeneous readership that encompasses the broader community of scholars, analysts, observers, journalists, and practitioners interested in political development and regime change in different geographical areas. Andrea Cassani is Research Fellow at the Department of Social and Political Sciences of the Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy. His work has been published in journals such as International Political Science Review, Italian Political Science Review, Africa Spectrum, European Journal of Political Research, Contemporary Politics, and European Political Science. Luca Tomini is Chercheur Qualifié FNRS (Research Associate Professor) at the Centre d'Etude de la Vie Politique of the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium. His work has been published in journals such as European Journal of Political Research, Europe-Asia Studies, Comparative European Politics, Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. He is the author of the book When Democracies Collapse (2017)

Cover -- Half Title -- About the Book and Author -- Title -- Dedication -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of figures -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: FROM THE TREATY OF ROME TO LOME -- Association Under the Treaty of Rome -- The Yaounde Conventions -- The First Yaounde Convention -- The Second Yaounde Convention -- Trade Agreements with Other Less Developed Areas -- Agreements with Commonwealth African States -- Economic Analysis of the Yaounde Agreements -- Analysis of EEC-LDC Trade During the Yaounde Period -- The European Development Fund (EDF)Under the Yaounde Convention -- Structure of the European Development Fund -- Sectorial Allocation and Distribution of the EDF -- EDF Assistance to Associated African Countries -- Formation of the Lome Conventions -- Events Leading to the Lome Conventions -- The Lome Conventions -- References -- 2 ACP-EEC TRADE RELATIONS UNDER LOME I -- The Lome Trade Provisions -- Trade Provisions of Lome I -- Trade Related Changes Under Lome II -- Significance of the Lome Trade Provisions -- Statistical Analysis of Trade Patterns -- ACP Trade With World -- ACP Trade with the EEC -- ACP Trade with the Original Six EEC Countries (EEC 6) -- ACP Trade with the U. K. -- ACP Trade with Denmark and Ireland -- ACP Trade with the United States -- ACP Balance of Trade with the U.S. and the EEC -- Commodity Composition and Concentration -- ACP Share of the EEC Market, Commodity Concentration and Composition -- ACP Commodity Market Shares -- ACP Deterioration in Market Shares -- The Sugar Accord -- References -- 3 EDF/EIB ACTIVITIES UNDER THE LOME CONVENTIONS -- Amount, Types and Administration of Aid -- Lome II versus Lome I: A mount of Aid -- Administrative Issues -- Aid by Sector with Special Reference to Energy and Mining -- Sectorial Priorities under Lome II -- Energy and Mining.

"The idea that war is going out of style has become the conventional wisdom in recent years. But in Only the Dead, award-winning author Bear Braumoeller demonstrates that it shouldn't have. With a rare combination of historical expertise, statistical acumen, and accessible prose, Braumoeller shows that the evidence simply doesn't support the decline-of-war thesis propounded by scholars like Steven Pinker. He argues that the key to understanding trends in warfare lies, not in the spread of humanitarian values, but rather in the formation of international orders-sets of expectations about behavior that allow countries to work in concert, as they did in the Concert of Europe and have done in the postwar Western liberal order. With a nod toward the American sociologist Charles Tilly, who argued that "war made the state and the state made war," Braumoeller argues that the same is true of international orders: while they reduce conflict within their borders, they can also clash violently with one another, as the Western and communist orders did throughout the Cold War. Both highly readable and rigorous, Only the Dead offers a realistic assessment of humanity's quest to abolish warfare. While pessimists have been too quick to discount the successes of our attempts to reduce international conflict, optimists are prone to put too much faith in human nature. Reality lies somewhere in between: While the aspirations of humankind to govern its behavior with reason and justice have had shocking success in moderating the harsh dictates of realpolitik, the institutions that we have created to prevent war are unlikely to achieve anything like total success-as evidenced by the multitude of conflicts in recent decades. As the old adage advises us, only the dead have seen the end of war."--

Intro -- About the author -- Summary -- Tables and figures -- 1 The enduring appeal of socialism -- Introduction: socialism is popular -- The pervasiveness of socialist assumptions -- Socialism and social democracy -- A lazy straw man? -- Not for a lack of trying -- The straw men that were once alive -- 2 The Soviet Union under Stalin: 'A whole nation marched behind a vision' -- Soviet socialism -- Stalin's pilgrims -- Remnants of Soviet apologetics today -- Conclusion -- 3 China under Mao Tse-Tung: 'A revolutionary regime must get rid of a certain number of individuals that threaten it' -- Maoist socialism -- Mao's pilgrims -- Remnants of Maoist apologetics today -- Conclusion -- 4 Cuba under Fidel Castro: 'The beginning of building the new man' -- ¡Hasta Siempre, Comandante! -- Castro's pilgrims -- Why is Cuba different? -- 5 North Korea under Kim Il Sung: 'A messiah rather than a dictator' -- North Korean socialism -- Kim Il Sung's pilgrims -- Remnants of North Korea apologetics today -- 6 Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge: 'The kingdom of justice' -- 7 Albania under Enver Hoxha: 'The working class is in power' -- 8 East Germany under the SED: 'The organised might of the working class' -- East German socialism -- Western admirers of the GDR: the early years -- Western admirers of the GDR: the later years -- Remnants of GDR apologetics today -- A note on pro-GDR revisionism -- 9 Venezuela under Hugo Chávez: 'A different, and a better way of doing things. It's called socialism' -- Socialism of the twenty-first century -- Chávez's pilgrims -- After the zenith -- Coming full circle -- The aftermath: not real socialism - again -- 10 Why socialist ideas persist -- Haidt's social intuitionist model and Caplan's theory of 'rational irrationality' -- Intuitive anti-capitalism, or anti-capitalism as a default position -- The Gary Lineker fallacy.

The purpose of this book is to consider the legality of the changing practice of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). It provides extensive legal analysis of the ICRC as an organisation, legal person, and humanitarian actor. It draws on the law of organisations, International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law, and other relevant branches of international law in order to critically assess the mandate and practice of the ICRC on the ground. The book also draws on more abstract human-centric concepts, including sovereignty as responsibility and human security, in order to assess the development of the concept of humanity for the mandate and practice of the ICRC. Critically this book uses semi- structured interviews with ICRC delegates to test the theoretical and doctrinal conclusions. The book provides a unique insight into the work of the ICRC. It also includes a case study of the work of the ICRC in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ultimately the book concludes that the ICRC is no longer restricted to the provision of humanitarian assistance on the battlefield. It is increasingly drawn into long-term and extremely complicated conflicts, in which, civilians, soldiers and non-State actors intermingle. In order to remain useful for the people on the ground, therefore, the ICRC is progressively developing its mandate. This book questions whether, on occasion, this could threaten its promise to remain neutral, impartial and independent. Finally, however, it should be said that this author finds that the work of the ICRC is unparalleled on the international stage and its humanitarian mandate is a vital component for those embroiled in the undertaking of and recovery from conflict.

"Open access to this title is possible thanks to the generous support of Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Renaissance Futurities considers the intersections between artistic rebirth, the new science, and European imperialism in the global early modern world. Charlene Villaseñor Black and Mari-Tere Álvarez reconsider the work of Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), prolific artist and inventor, and other polymaths such as philosopher Giulio "Delminio" Camillo (1480–1544), physician and naturalist Francisco Hernández de Toledo (1514–1587), and writer Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616). This concern with futurity is inspired by the Renaissance itself, a period defined by visions of the future, as well as by recent theorizing of temporality in Renaissance, queer, and ethnic studies. This transdisciplinary collection is at the cutting edge of the humanities, the sciences, and the arts with contributions in history, art history, literature, media studies, mathematics, and medicine.
"A superb provocation, asking us to reimagine the Renaissance in both space and time, resituating it at the crossroads of Europe and its early modern empires; of art, technology, and science; and of alternative pasts and futures." TARA NUMMEDAL, author of Anna Zieglerin and the Lion's Blood: Alchemy and End Times in Reformation Germany
"This volume approaches the field through the unique lens of futurity, bringing together an eclectic transdisciplinary group of scholars who focus on ingenuity and futuristic thinking in various Renaissance contexts." PAULA DeVOS, Professor of History, San Diego State University
CHARLENE VILLASEÑOR BLACK is Professor of Art History and Chicana/o Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. MARI-TERE ÁLVAREZ is Associate Director of the University of Southern California's International Museum Institute."

"This welcome and highly readable book breathes new fire into Jackson's dramatic Bank War of the 1830s. It successfully links this epoch-turning event with a modern awareness of the power of government institutions, the functioning of the press, and a measured awareness of how the nation's financial and economic system actually worked. Through the words and actions of key players, notably Nicholas Biddle and Amos Kendall, it demonstrates that the key disputes were not over the powers of 'the state' but whom should benefit from their exercise."--Donald Ratcliffe, author of The One-Party Presidential Contest: Adams, Jackson, and 1824's Five-Horse Race "A fresh assessment of Andrew Jackson's famous Bank War has been long overdue. Deftly interweaving the threads of party politics, finance, journalism, and communications, Stephen Campbell's The Bank War and the Partisan Press offers a revealing new take on this pivotal yet dimly understood episode. Observers of American government and banking, and of the interconnections between the two, will find this book essential reading."--Daniel Feller, professor of history and director of The Papers of Andrew Jackson, University of Tennessee "Campbell breathes new life into the history of the Bank War by examining how the burgeoning partisan press, the US Postal Service, and the wider network of internal improvements nationalized this conflict. With this new spin on an old topic, the battle between Nicholas Biddle and Andrew Jackson over the fate of the Bank of the United States offers much insight into how critical American institutions worked in the 1830s and how they led to the formation of a new political order."--Sean Patrick Adams, professor of history, University of Florida.

Tear down the obstacles to creative innovation in your organization Unlocking Creativity is an exploration of the creative process and how organizations can clear the way for innovation. In many organizations, creative individuals face stubborn resistance to new ideas. Managers and executives oftentimes reject innovation and unconventional approaches due to misplaced allegiance to the status quo. Questioning established practices or challenging prevailing sentiments is frequently met with stiff resistance. In this climate of stifled creativity and inflexible adherence to conventional wisdom, potentially game-changing ideas are dismissed outright. Senior leaders claim to value creativity, yet often lack the knowledge to provide a creative framework. Unlocking Creativity offers effective methods and real-world examples of how the most successful organizations create cultures of innovation and experimentation. Best-selling author and scholar Michael Roberto presents a thorough investigation of organizational obstacles to creative thought. Highly relevant to the growth crises many enterprises face in today's economic landscape, this book examines how to break barriers to spark creativity and foster new ideas. This insightful and informative work allows business executives, senior managers, and organization leaders to: -Recognize the six organizational mindsets that impede creativity and innovation -Learn how to tear down the barriers that obstruct the creative process -Create an environment that allows talented people to thrive -Encourage creative collaboration in teams throughout an organization Leaders do not have to conceive innovative ideas, but rather open the path for curious and creative employees within their organization. Unlocking Creativity: How to Solve Any Problem and Make the Best Decisions aids organizations in removing obstacles to the creative process and helps to form an atmosphere of imagination and innovation.

""This book shows how using business as a force for good, not just pursuing short-term profits, can be better for consumers, employees, local communities, the environment, and your company's long-term bottom line." --Tony Hsieh, New York Times bestselling author of Delivering Happiness and CEO, Zappos.com, Inc. B Corps are a global movement of more than 2,700 companies in 60 countries--like Patagonia, Ben & Jerry's, Kickstarter, Danone North America, and Eileen Fisher--that are using the power of business as a force for good. B Corps have been certified to have met rigorous standards of social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency. This book is the authoritative guide to the what, why, and how of B Corp certification. Coauthors Ryan Honeyman and Dr. Tiffany Jana spoke with the leaders of over 200 B Corps from around the world to get their insights on becoming a Certified B Corp, improving their social and environmental performance, and building a more inclusive economy. The second edition has been completely revised and updated to include a much stronger focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). These changes are important because DEI can no longer be a side conversation--it must be a core value for any company that aspires to make money and make a difference. While this book is framed around the B Corp movement, any company, regardless of size, industry, or location, can use the tools contained here to learn how to build a better business. As the authors vividly demonstrate, using business as a force for good can help you attract and retain the best talent, distinguish your company in a crowded market, and increase trust in your brand"--

Take your Supernova practice to even greater heights of performance and profitability The Supernova Multiplier'provides expert guidance to the revolutionary wealth management model that has transformed the lives and businesses of financial professionals worldwide. The innovative Supernova method enables financial advisors to rapidly grow their business, efficiently manage time, and maximize client satisfaction. The Five Stars of the Supernova model'Segmentation, Organization, Planning, Acquisition, and Leadership'provide financial advisors with the tools and knowledge to propel their practices to new heights of performance. The acknowledged pioneer of the Supernova model, author Rob Knapp offers in-depth examination of every aspect of the Supernova model, from client experience to leadership development. This invaluable resource addresses significant issues facing disciples of the model, including areas of chronic underperformance, and delivers proven solutions that financial advisors can integrate into their practices. Detailed coverage of core elements, such as the Rule of Reciprocity, Gap Analysis and the Five Star Model, promotes critical analysis of advisor performance and builds the foundation for precise alignment to the essential Supernova principles. This indispensable book empowers current and prospective Supernova practitioners to: -Build and optimize an efficient and profitable Supernova advisory practice -Structure your practice around high-value activities that increase revenue and grow your business -Maintain a predictable schedule of meaningful client contact -Develop and implement proactive planning strategies with your team and client base. The Supernova model is not complex, but requires sustained and disciplined effort to achieve best results.'The'Supernova Multiplier:'7 Strategies for Financial Advisors to Grow Their Practices'is the key to unlocking remarkable results and sustained achievement in advisory practices across the financial management industry that will differentiate you and your practice from the ordinary into the extraordinary.

"This boldly original book traces the evolution of documentary film and photography as they migrated onto digital platforms during the first decades of the twenty-first century. Kris Fallon examines the emergence of several key media forms—social networking and crowdsourcing, video games and virtual environments, big data and data visualization—and demonstrates the formative influence of political conflict and the documentary film tradition on their evolution and cultural integration. Focusing on particular moments of political rupture, Fallon argues that ideological rifts inspired the adoption and adaptation of newly available technologies to encourage social mobilization and political action, a function performed for much of the previous century by independent documentary film. Positioning documentary film and digital media side by side in the political sphere, Fallon asserts that "truth" now lies in a new set of media forms and discursive practices that implicitly shape the documentation of everything from widespread cultural spectacles like wars and presidential elections to more invisible or isolated phenomena like the Abu Ghraib torture scandal or the "fake news" debates of 2016.
"Looking at a unique and intriguing set of 'hybrid media,' Fallon convincingly makes a claim about a change in the form of new media, one linking politics, aesthetics, and technology." ALEXANDRA JUHASZ, Brooklyn College, CUNY
"Where Truth Lies does the difficult and much-needed work of unpacking how the documentary impulse is shifting in the digital age, both through the profound influence of digital aesthetics and computational thinking and through the ways traditional documentary is infusing digital expression." JENNIFER MALKOWSKI, author of Dying in Full Detail: Mortality and Digital Documentary
KRIS FALLON is Assistant Professor of Cinema and Digital Media at the University of California, Davis."

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956), popularly known as Babasaheb stands out for his relentless battle against caste discrimination. He was a voice for the marginalized of India's demography that remained peripheral due to well-entrenched socio-economic and political prejudices.This book is an analytical account of how Ambedkar's socio-political ideas evolved as part of his wider politico-ideological challenge against self-motivated designs for exploitation of human beings by human beings. The author contends that it was an ideological discourse that he built in a context when dominant nationalist viewpoints seem to have hardly left space for any other discourse to grow. The book argues that Ambedkar's socio-political ideas were an outcome of his personal experiences of social atrocities which were justified as integral to the caste system. The book comprises six substantial chapters which delve into the socio-political ideas of BR Ambedkar, concentrating on those sets of ideas through which he established his claim as an original thinker in opposition to the dominant nationalist discourse. Unlike the most conventional studies of Ambedkar's thoughts and ideas, the book provides a new methodological tool to decipher their conceptual roots. It is therefore argued that Babasaheb's unique conceptualization of social justice was not just an outcome of his existential existence of being a Dalit, but an offshoot of his own understanding of liberalism as a mode of emancipating human beings from shackles of authority, power and domination.Examining Ambedkar's ideas, the book charts and examines the growth and consolidation of constitutional democracy in India since it was inaugurated with the acceptance of the 1950 Constitution. It will be of interest to scholars in the fields of Indian political theory, South Asian politics and history.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part I: The Relative Costs of the Canadian and U.S. Health Care Systems -- 1. Controlling Health Expenditures-The Canadian Reality -- 2. How Does Canada Do It? A Comparison of Expenditures for Physicians' Services in the United States and Canada -- 3. Hospital Spending in the United States and Canada: A Comparison -- 4. Debate on U.S./Canadian Health Expenditures-I -- A How Well Is Canada Doing? -- B Canadian/U.S. Health Care: Reflections on the HIAA's Analysis -- C Debating the Canadian System: A Response from the Author -- 5. Debate on U.S./Canadian Health Expenditures-II -- A A Closer Look at Health Care in Canada -- B U.S./Canadian Health Spending: Methods and Assumptions -- C U.S./Canadian Comparison: The Authors Respond -- 6. An Economist's Brief Guide to the Recent Debate on the Canadian Health Care System -- Part II: Comparing Access and Quality of Outcomes in the Canadian and U.S. Health Care Systems -- 7. The Vanishing Health Care Safety Net: New Data on Uninsured Americans -- 8. Underinsurance in America -- 9. Canada's National Health Program -- 10. Waiting Your Turn: Hospital Waiting Lists in Canada -- 11. Patient Access to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers in Orange County, California -- 12. Postsurgical Mortality in Manitoba and New England -- 13. Use of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in the United States and Canada: Influence of Age and Income -- 14. Coronary Angiography and Bypass Surgery in Manitoba and the United States: A First Comparison -- 15. Health and Surgical Outcomes in Canada and the United States -- Part III: Public Opinion of the Canadian and U.S. Health Care Systems -- 16. Public Opinion on Health Care Reform -- 17. Debate on Popular Opinion on Health Care

"The first ever playbook for B2B salespeople on how to win clients and customers who are already being serviced by your competition, from the author of The Only Sales Guide You'll Ever Need and The Lost Art of Closing. Most sales teams don't have the luxury of selling to "fresh" clients, who are looking for something new. Instead, they work in crowded, highly competitive environments, where winning means taking market share from their competitors, who in turn are working to take market share from them. As a salesperson working in these competitive conditions, how do you win a contract from your dream client when they seem satisfied with the service your competitor provides? Do you attempt to compete on features, superior customer service, or improved results? Anthony Iannarino argues that these days, none of those tactics will convince your prospect to make a switch. To displace your competition, you need to become your prospective client's trusted advisor, by creating tangible value for them even before they decide to partner with you. In Eat Their Lunch, Iannarino outlines a strategy to create that kind of value, offering insights like: * Why different stakeholders in the buying process prioritize different kinds of value, and why you need to tailor your value creation to each of them. * Rank your prospective clients not on the basis of their size or convenience to you, but on who stands to gain the most strategic advantage from your solution. * Develop a more holistic view of the client by eliciting stakeholders' individual beliefs and behaviors, and the organization's collective beliefs and behaviors. The goal is to be so valuable to your dream clients that they want to hire you away"--