Suchergebnisse

The basic requirement underlying the reform of the Serbian criminal procedure legislation is to create and normatively regulate an efficient criminal procedure. The key issue in meeting this requirement is the choice of the criminal investigation concept: should the legislator retain the judicial investigation model predominant in the inquisitorial system of the European-Continental legal tradition, or follow in the footsteps of many other countries which have opted for the adversarial criminal investigation system underlying the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition? There is no doubt that this choice will determine not only the efficiency of criminal investigation but also the entire criminal procedure. On the other hand, the creators of the reform have to take into account the obligation to observe human rights and freedoms, enshrined not only in the Serbian Constitution but also in the ratified international law documents. By using a comparative method, this paper aims to present the advantages and disadvantages of the two criminal investigation concepts (the inquisitorial and the adversarial), to draw attention to the observed characteristics of the prosecutorial investigation in the Serbian criminal procedure law, and to propose possible modifications in light of observing the principles of procedural fairness. In particular, the author discusses whether the the selection of the adversarial model has been justified, and whether the envisaged criminal procedure framework has struck a balance between the need for procedural efficiency and the principle of procedural fairness in criminal investigation. ; Reforma krivičnoprocesnog zakonodavstva Srbije trebalo je da ispuni osnovni zahtev - izgraditi i normativno urediti efikasan krivični postupak. Ključno pitanje u sprovođenju tog zahteva bilo je pitanje kom konceptu istrage se prikloniti: zadpžati sudsku istragu ili krenuti putem kojim su krenule mnoge zemlje kontinentalno–evropske tradicije opredelivši se, pod uticajem anglosaksonske pravne tradicije, za tužilačku ...

В статье, на основе советских и американских письменных источников, изучена проблема становления советско-американских отношений в 1933–1934 годах. Автор приходит к выводу, что первый год советско-американских дипломатических отношений не оправдал надежд и принес разочарования. В экономический сфере акценты были расставлены именно в сфере долгов и кредитования, а американская сторона не собиралась обсуждать другие вопросы, пока не решен вопрос о царских долгах. Переговоры приняли затяжной характер и выявили массу разногласий. Решение так и не было достигнуто. В политической сфере США отвергли предложение о заключении Тихоокеанского многостороннего пакта о ненападении заинтересованных государств на Дальнем Востоке. Таким образом, первый год после признания стал годом упущенных возможностей: вопрос о долгах так и не урегулировали, торговля развивалась вяло, а политическое сотрудничество не сдвинулось с нулевой точки. The article examines establishing Soviet-American relations in 1933–1934. The study is based on both Soviet and American sources. The author concludes that the first year of official relations between the USA and the USSR didn't meet the expectations and brought many disillusions. In the economic sphere the USA demanded settlement of the Tsar debt and credit question. The negotiations dragged on and showed a lot of differences, so the solution was not reached. In the political sphere the United States rejected the proposal of the Pacific Multilateral Non-aggression Pact. Thus, the first year after the recognition was a year of neglected opportunities: the question of the debt was not settled, trade developed inertly and political cooperation did not shift from the zero point. ; The Black Sea region. History, politics, culture. – No XXI(VII). Series C: International relations. – Sevastopol: Sevastopol Branch of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2017. – P. 76 - 82

[EN] After the tragic flood of 1966 that showed the fragility of the city of Venice to all the world, the Italian government supported numerous safeguard interventions on the city and its lagoon. These funds concerned above all public works (institutional buildings, public pavements, bridges), but also private buildings that constitute Venice urban tissue. The author has studied about one thousand interventions on private buildings with non-repayable funds where the main type of interventions has been identified. The research shows a complex picture of the building interventions in Venice, that should be understood as a cross section of building activity in Venice from 1984 till 2003, when the State support has been cancelled. ; [ES] Después de la 'trágica inundación de 1966 que mostró a los ojos de mundo la fragilidad de Venecia, el estado italiano ha financiado varias intervenciones para proteger a la ciudad y la laguna. Esta financiación se ha centrado sobre todo en las obras públicas, como oficinas institucionales, pavimentación, cauces y puentes de la ciudad histórica, pero también en las viviendas privadas, que constituyen el tejido urbano de la ciudad. El autor ha realizado un estudio de alrededor de mil intervenciones en edificios privados con financiación a fondo perdido, donde se han identificado las intervenciones mis comunes. La investigación permite una visión general de las tendencias actuales da restauración, que debe entenderse como una sección transversal de las intervenciones en Venecia desde 1984 hasta la retirada de la subvención gubernamental, interrumpida en 2003. ; Trovò, F. (2017). La arquitectura de Venecia entre transformación y protección (1984-2001). Loggia, Arquitectura & Restauración. (30):8-19. doi:10.4995/loggia.2017.5166 ; SWORD ; 8 ; 19 ; 30

This article is a follow up of community service activities conducted by the author team entitled "Improving Transparency of Nagari Financial Reports Through the Training of Preparation of Nagari Financial Reports in Pasaman Barat Regency". This article describes the portrait of accountability and nagari financial reporting in Pasaman Barat, especially after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 on the village. The sample of this research is 14 nagari apparatus in Pasaman Barat district. The research data was obtained through the spreading of a closed questionnaire containing 10 items of questions ranging from (1) consistency, (2) timeliness, (3) completeness, and (4) transparency of accountability and reporting of APB Nagari in Pasaman Barat district. Research data then processed using descriptive statistics. The results of data processing show that (1) although all nagari in Pasaman Barat district have consistently submitted accountability report of realization of APBNagari annually to Regent, but similar consistency in delivering report of APBNagari realization of first and second semester can only be fulfilled by 71,43% nagari , (2) all nagari in West Pasaman district have attached reports of villagers' wealth reports, central and local government program reports that enter the nagari while reporting on realization of APBNagari and accountability report of APBNagari implementation to the Bupati, (3) although all nagari in districts West Pasaman has been able to deliver the report on the realization of APBN nagari second semester on time, but the timeliness in delivering the realization report of APBNagari first semester and accountability report of APBNagari implementation can only be fulfilled by 50% nagari, (4) 78,57% nagari in Pasaman Barat district which has published the use of the nagari budget on bulletin boards, mass media, and community radio.Keywords: reporting, responsibility, nagari budget, Pasaman Barat

ABSTRACT This writing aims to find out more about the historical process of Mala Village, Subdistrict, Melonguane, Talaud Islands district, starting from the first person entering the area, until the process of naming the village of Mala together with the government. This writing takes the title about the history of Mala Village Melonguane District of Talaud Islands 1949-2016 Viewed From the Aspects of History. In this writing the author uses a historical method consisting of four stages, namely Heuristik, Critique analysis, Interpretation, and the last Historiografi. The data obtained through reading the literature relevant to the formulation of predetermined problems, then classified.Serta additional data found through the forman through the results of interviews. The data that support the problem is processed by interpretation using historical facts, then done writing according to the problems that have been formulated and the objectives to be achieved, so that this thesis manifested. The result of the research shows that the village of Mala was formerly named Masalagampa Village under the rule of the first king or datuk namely King Pangalo he was inaugurated by the Kings of Tabukanyakni King Max Dalerodan King Wuisan both came inaugurating King Pangaloatas command of Sultan Ternate namely Sultan Sabori. The first person to enter in the village of Masalagampa which is now the village of Mala is siperempuan named Masamala which has the meaning of humble or gentle, while the men named Hampa which means empty or no friends. Both eventually became husband and wife and the place they both diami given the name of the problem that now is the village of Mala. KATA KUNCI : SEJARAH DESA MALA KECAMATAN MELONGUANE KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD

Introduction: Currently, abundances of highly relevant health data are locked up in data silos due to decentralized storage and data protection laws. The health data cooperative (HDC) model is established to make this valuable data available for societal purposes. The aim of this study is to analyse the HDC model and its potentials and challenges. Results: An HDC is a health data bank. The HDC model has as core principles a cooperative approach, citizen-centredness, not-for-profit structure, data enquiry procedure, worldwide accessibility, cloud computing data storage, open source, and transparency about governance policy. HDC members have access to the HDC platform, which consists of the "core," the "app store," and the "big data." This, respectively, enables the users to collect, store, manage, and share health information, to analyse personal health data, and to conduct big data analytics. Identified potentials of the HDC model are digitization of healthcare information, citizen empowerment, knowledge benefit, patient empowerment, cloud computing data storage, and reduction in healthcare expenses. Nevertheless, there are also challenges linked with this approach, including privacy and data security, citizens' restraint, disclosure of clinical results, big data, and commercial interest. Limitations and Outlook: The results of this article are not generalizable because multiple studies with a limited number of study participants are included. Therefore, it is recommended to undertake further elaborate research on these topics among larger and various groups of individuals. Additionally, more pilots on the HDC model are required before it can be fully implemented. Moreover, when the HDC model becomes operational, further research on its performances should be undertaken. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

International audience ; NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) supporters are presented as citizens opposed to new local developments whose costs are perceived to be only local though the aims are for general gains. However, these conflicts have proven much more complex than the NIMBY concept can explain. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework to facilitate the understanding of opposition movements and how they can affect society at large by triggering social change. The conceptual framework is applied to a case of local opposition to a landfill project in the village of Saint-Escobille (Essonne, France). Through analysis of the structure of the opposition movement and the changes it underwent over time, the author shows how such movements can evolve into a social movement that enriches democracy through the constitution of four types of capital: social capital, scientific capital, patrimonial capital and political capital. The authors argue that scientific and patrimonial capitals allow social capital to evolve into political capital. The shift from being a self-interest to a civic interest movement takes place through enlightened resistance, which reveals local public interest, called territorial interests. In the study of environmental controversies, the authors emphasize the importance of recognizing the evolution through time of (1) the social landscape, (2) the different types of legitimate knowledge, (3) the role of place attachment, and (4) the political dimension of identities. After reviewing three approaches to the NIMBY phenomena in the literature, the paper exposes its conceptualization of land-use disputes. It ends with a discussion of the concepts of common interest and participation, two controversial notions which need to be clarified.

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group New Zealand's political, civic, health and social institutions have been criticised as being ill-prepared to serve the health and social needs of the country's increasingly diverse ageing population. This grounded theory study examined how late-life Asian immigrants participate in community to influence their subjective health. Bilingual Chinese, Indian, and Korean local intermediaries and research assistants were engaged as collaborative research partners. Purposive recruitment, and later theoretical sampling, were used to identify the 24 Chinese, 27 Indian, and 25 Korean participants, aged 60-83, who were 1-19 years post-immigration. Data were gathered through nine focus groups, and 15 individual interviews in the participants' language of choice. All data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English for analysis. Data analysis was done using open coding, constant comparative analysis and dimensional analysis. Strengthening community was the core social process in the substantive theory developed. The participants actively advanced cultural connectedness and gave service with, and for, each other. Over time, they extended their focus toward doing so for the wider community. They purposely used long-standing, occupation-related skills to resource how they and their co-ethnic groups contributed to community health. Additionally, they sought novel opportunities to diversify their contributions. These late-life immigrants intentionally strove to stay healthy through doing. Achieving collective, as well as personal, health through community participation was for the sake of minimising potential burdens on the country's health system. The results indicate good health promotion policies would aim to advance co-ethnic, socially embedded networks for late-life Asian immigrants.

The problem of trade unions' participation in the implementation of the Law of State Pension Provision is studied in the article. The author proceeds from the point that the latter in the conditions of critical political confrontation automatically changed into an element of political struggle, acting as a powerful weapon of the new government. A conclusion has been made that pension provision, as a part of Soviet social insurance built on paternalistic principles, contributed to estrangement of the insured from the concern about their future and increased their dependence on the government. Monopolization of the social insurance sphere in combination with the state ownership of production means, as it is affirmed in the research, discredited the idea of insurance itself. Participation of the trade unions as third party was government's attempt to divert society's attention from this problem. Enlarged and "improved", the trade unions' participation in pension provision in the years of "thaw" could not unbind inner contradiction laid in the bowels of social insurance. ; У статті розглядається проблема участі профспілок в імплементації Закону «Про державне пенсійне забезпечення». Автор виходить з того, що зазначена проблема в умовах гострого політичного протистояння автоматично перетворювалась на елемент політичної боротьби, виступаючи могутньою зброєю нової влади. Зроблено висновок, що пенсійне забезпечення як частина радянського соціального страхування, побудованого на патерналістських засадах, сприяла відчуженню застрахованих від турботи про своє майбутнє та посилювала його залежність від держави. Монополізація сфери соціального страхування в поєднанні з державною формою власності на засоби виробництва, стверджується в дослідженні, дискредитувала саму ідею страхування. Участь профспілок як третьої сторони була спробою держави відвернути увагу суспільства від цієї проблеми. Розширена та «вдосконалена» участь професійних спілок у пенсійному забезпеченні в роки «відлиги»» не могла роз- в'язати внутрішньої суперечності, закладеної в надрах соціального страхування.

Liga naroda prva je moderna međunarodna organizacija koja je počivala na ideji kolektivne sigurnosti na globalnoj razini. Imajući to u vidu, u radu se nastoji na sustavan način razmotriti kolektivnu sigurnost i njezine mehanizme sadržane u Paktu Lige naroda. U tom cilju, nakon uvodnih razmatranja i kraćeg osvrta na pojmovno određenje, pretpostavke, korijene i kritike kolektivne sigurnosti, u radu se pobliže razmatraju njezini mehanizmi u Paktu Lige naroda kako bi se istražilo, prvo, u kojim su odredbama bili sadržani ti mehanizmi i u čemu su se oni sastojali; drugo, zašto ti mehanizmi nisu uspjeli ostvariti svoju svrhu. Iz tog razloga, zaključci u radu temeljeni su na normativnoj analizi Pakta Lige naroda, ali i na pojedinim primjerima iz povijesti međunarodnih odnosa u tom razdoblju. ; Although the idea of collective security has long existed in the history of international relations, the League of Nations was the first modern international organisation based on the idea of collective security at the global level. In this context, the author aims at giving a systematic review of collective security and its mechanisms comprised in the Covenant of the League of Nations. To this end, after introductory considerations and a short review of the conceptual definition, postulates, roots, and critiques of collective security, the paper discusses its mechanisms in the Covenant of the League of Nations in order to examine, firstly, which provisions encompassed these mechanisms and what they were composed of and secondly, why these mechanisms failed to achieve their purpose. For this reason, the conclusions in this paper rely on a normative analysis of the Covenant of the League of Nations, as well as on the specific examples from the history of international relations during the period considered.

Research Objectives. In many instances mass communication, specifically social advertising, plays a significant role in the formation of public opinion. Therefore, it is almost impossible to overstate the importance of mass media laws and regulations. In Ukraine, the Law on Advertising was reviewed and revised multiple times since it was first adopted as a part of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996. This article is a snapshot of some key government laws and policies about advertising in Ukraine that were implemented until 2010. Definition. By the Law of Ukraine, advertisement is an information about a person or goods, disseminated in any form and by any means and is aimed at the development and maintenance of advertising consumers' awareness and their interest related to such a person or goods [1]. Social advertising should be clearly separated from other information regardless of a form or means of its dissemination so that it could be identified as advertising. Concluding Remarks. The author of the research Oleksandr Iarmolenko suggests that in order to make social advertising more appealing to public in Ukraine, first it needs to gain the status of public policy. Furthermore, it s marketing should never be oriented to promote sales or influence political debate. Last, social advertising should not reveal its sponsors or founders; neither it should contain their trademark, brand or logo.Next Steps. The researcher argues, that social advertising should always bring about positive behavior change without being a negativity or depression trigger. It needs to be interesting, creative, understandable and motivating. The part of the Law on Advertising concerning social advertising needs to be amplified so it better regulates relations in this area thus stimulating its development

Introduction. Development and enforcement of humanistic and democratic ideas and values that are fundamental to the socio-humanistic formation of a person and the world civilization and make the content and objectives of the philosophy of humanism and democracy are anakyzed in the article. In the twentieth century the most important is to implement the ideas and theories of humanism, peace and democracy in the global movement of peoples for the salvation of the world, preventing war. The purpose and objectives of the article is in the development of scientific and methodological basis for the production of innovative, more competitive philosophy of humanism and democracy, and for the consolidation of all scientific schools of humanistic and democratic direction and joining them in a global humanistic movement. In the second half of the 80's. of XX century the author formulated his own progressive philosophy of humanism and democracy based on the methodology of evolutionism, co-evolution and humanocentrism and civilizational megaparadigms and the principles of consistency, plurality, ideological and anthropocentric determination and non-linear, polycentric thinking. Today, in the reform of public life interdependence and simultaneous sequencing of the following principles is enhanced: democratization ↔ humanization ↔ deetatization ↔ decentralization ↔ deconcentration to their effectiveness in the areas of labor, property, public authorities, and therefore, in social groups. If this algorithm falls simultaneous execution of at least one principle, the overall result throughout society will also be minimized. Conclusion. Peaceful philosophy of humanism and democracy is the most effective manifesto of survival of world civilization, preserving all the ways and means of peace, the non-violent methods of struggle, to prevent a third world war and becoming humane and democratic society.

The high number of Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia made health development as main part of government's mission in National Middle Term of Plan (RPJMN). Based on that mission, The Health Ministry formulated some strategies and one of them is to increase the community empowerment, private and civil society through national cooperation and global. The successful of one assisting activity for community empowerment will be determined by communication which participative. Community program of TB Care Aisyiyah is one program that moved to realize the health infrastructure of non-governmental and dynamic of social group who able independently improved TB problem in Indonesia. Aisyiyah as autonomy muslim women's organization, special from Muhammadiyah was selected being main coordinator of fund receiver from Global fund represents civil society. The author used mixed method and non-probability sampling with purposive sampling, the sample which was selected is Kalianyar District where associated in KPT of West Jakarta. This research aimed to explain participatory communication which occurred on Program of people empowerment for TB handling in Aisyiyah, then to analyze the correlation of determination factors among participatory communication on that program. The research result has shown participatory communication viewed on some communication forums which were conducted by that program. In forum where consist of patients, PMO, Cadres and the facilitator who associated with KPT of West Jakarta. Those communication forums used diversities such as religion differentiation, ethnics, economic class, culture, gender and ideology to reach joint purpose of TB disease handling. At some meetings, the dialogue occurred as a special identity from participatory communication. The research result also showed the real correlation occurred among determination factors of participatory communication with community program of TB Care Aisyiyah.

This article discusses the debate on immigration in Colombia, specifically focusing on Japanese immigration, an problem, by being so far from the desired European immigration. Likewise, the important role played by the psychiatrist and conservative Colombian politician Miguel Jiménez Lopez and his theory of degeneration of the Colombian race. Jiménez Lopez is the author of "The yellow immigration in the America", a publication of the National Academy of Medicine, written in response to the Ministry of Industries about the question for the possible impact of a Japanese immigration in the eastern plains. Jiménez Lopez maintains the problem from medicalization and biology, using more arguments from geographical determinism and racism that from eugenics, to justify that a Japanese immigration to Colombia was not advisable, because it jeopardizes the progressive bleaching managed —with the passage of time— by the Colombian race. ; Este artículo aborda el debate sobre la inmigración en Colombia en la década de 1920, centrándose en la inmigración japonesa, una inmigración problemática, lejana de la deseada inmigración europea. Así mismo, pone en evidencia el importante papel que desempeña el médico y político conservador Miguel Jiménez López y su Teoría de la Degeneración de la raza colombiana. Jiménez López es autor de La inmigración amarilla a la América, publicación con que la Academia Nacional de Medicina da respuesta al Ministerio de Industrias, que pregunta por el impacto que tendría una inmigración japonesa en los Llanos Orientales. Jiménez López medicaliza y biologiza el problema usando más argumentos del racismo y del determinismo geográfico que de la eugenesia, afirma que una inmigración japonesa a Colombia no era aconsejable, pues ponía en peligro el progresivo blanqueamiento logrado –con el paso del tiempo- por la raza colombiana.

El autor en este ensayo indaga acerca del nuevo paradigma del neoconstitucionalismo, cuál es el papel del juez dentro de esta nueva tendencia, cómo este interpreta los preceptos constitucionales, especialmente, cuáles son las problemáticas generadas por la interpretación del precepto constitucional del artículo 19 Número 24 de la Carta Fundamental, y fi nalmente, cómo el Tribunal Constitucional, en los últimos años, ha entendido las limitaciones del derecho de propiedad. Concluye al respecto que el derecho a la propiedad no ha escapado a la modernidad. Los nuevos tiempos y el paradigma del neoconstitucionalismo, se han encargado de elevar al dominio, como un derecho constitucional ya no sólo protegido por una Carta Fundamental, sino que también por la labor del juez, quién en virtud a la modernidad y al nuevo paradigma, ha triunfado por sobre el legislador. ; The author in this article studies about the new paradigmof the Constitutional Law, which is the role of the judge insidethis new trend, how does he interpret the constitutional rules, specially,which are the problematic generated regarding interpretationof the constitutional rule of the article 19 Number 24 of the ChileanConstitution, and fi nally, how the Constitutional Court, in the lastyears, has understood the limitations of the right of property. Theauthor concludes in the matter that the right to the property has notescaped to the modernity. The new times and the paradigm of theNew Constitutional Law Tendencies, have taken charge raising upto the right of property, as a constitutional law already not only protectedby a Constitution, but also for the labor of the judge, whomin virtue to the modernity and to the new paradigm, has triumphedfor over the legislator.