Suchergebnisse

Elaborado por solicitacao do Banco Mundial, este trabalho deve ser entendido como uma contribuicao aos debates que tiveram lugar no Seminario "Brasil: Desafios para o Desenvolvimento Urbano para a Proxima Decada", realizado no periodo de 22 a 24 de agosto de 1994, no Rio de Janeiro. No artigo sao analisadas algumas experiencias municipais bem-sucedidas de gestao urbana, das quais o autor procura extrair licoes que possam contribuir para mudar o quadro de degradacao atingido. Por ultimo, o documento compreende recomendacoes quanto a medidas voltadas para o fortalecimento da capacidade de gestao dos municipios, visando ampliar-lhes a participacao na promocao de uma nova politica de desenvolvimento urbano. (ram/DÜI)

In this article, the author discusses financial questions deemed as key issues, in highway privatization projects in Brazil. Expected returns, compared tariffs, costs, demand and capital structure are the core on this work. The author performs a simulation exercise based on one of the cases most frequently remembered as a candidate to privatization in the State of Sao Paulo: the system comprising the Anchieta and the Imigrantes highways, which make a connection between the city of Sao Paulo and the city of Santos, on the coast. The conclusions indicate that it is a feasible undertaking, provided that some restrictions are included in its design

This paper deals with US interests in the world debt problem. In the general framework named as "transfer problem" the author presents a case study of Mexico and Brazil. He concludes showing five alternative solutions to the debt problem: an improved world macro-economy, facilities, debt-equity swaps, a reversal of capital flight, and Bradly-style debt relief

In this study the author briefly summarizes the difficulties faced by the developing countries concerning their foreign debt. He also discusses the factors which stand behind the ratios of indebtness most commonly used. Finally he presents a summary of the main proposals which have been advanced to reduce the foreign debt of Latin American and Third World countries

This paper analyzes the recent evolution of the monetary and financial system of Argentine economy, particularly from the implementation of Plano Austral, June 15, 1985. According to the author, the initial impact of the stabilization plan had two elements that were emphasized: the increasing of demand for monetary resources, and the reduction of the fiscal deficit

The author compares the negotiating process of two agreements: Canada/USA and Argentina/Brazil. The main topic discussed is the harmonization of economic policies. In order to create a free trade area or a common market, governments have to face a difficult choice, between the economic benefits of integration and the political costs of restricted sovereignty. Two different configurations of this dilemma are analysed in this paper

This paper presents an alternative view of agricultural commercialization in the capitalist development process, in contrast with the functionalist approach derived from neoclassical economic theory. In the Brazilian economy, agricultural capital circulation depends on the social organization of production and the development of capitalist concentration, both determined by the modernization process. The author emphasizes the tendency toward subordination of circulation activities, the growing importance of different types of capital and its financial appreciation in agricultural production and circulation

This article stresses the pertinence of the concepts of indexed money, as well as of excessive liquidity of financial assets, for the analysis of stabilization programs in Brazil. The author insists on the difficulties inherent in the combination of a high amount of quasi-money with fiscal and exchange pressures that are strongly expansionary, including pressures arising from the servicing of the public debt, and suggests that such difficulties may have led the Central Bank to provide automatic financing throughout the eighties

This work draws attention to the clear contrast between the intensity and evolution of the crisis of the thirties and the one that bursts into the early eighties, originating the so-called "lost decade" which has not yet been overcome. While analysing the role played by the central economies in the two recalled occurrences, the author points out that, during the first crisis, external circumstances were more disadvantageous and prolongued, due to its repercussions on international economic relations and the incidence of the Second World War

From 1974-1986 the Brazilian inflation rate showed a tendency to grow as opposed to the declining tendency observed in the 1964-1973 period. The causes of this ressurgence of inflation, its impact and the policies used to control it are analysed using the approaches of the "classical orthodox tradition" and the "neo-structuralist school". The author also presents a preliminary evaluation of the Cruzado Plan, the program of economic stabilization inspired by neo-structuralist ideas, which was implemented in Brazil on February 28, 1986

In this paper, the author summarizes his theory of development and underdevelopment, and he presents some ideas about the dependency relation, expressed in the center-periphery system, based on the concept of social surplus and its forms of appropriation and utilization. The paper states the frustrations of a reformist: Protectionism, that was justifiable in a first phase of industrialization, was maintained too long in Latin America; on the other hand, the populist risk was always present, while the real social problems related to a high level of income concentration were not solved

This article deals with some of the elements in the present debate on the reform of the Brazilian state. It takes into account the Keynesian origin of the contemporary interventionism and the trajectory of the implementation of the national program of industrialization, which was first discussed in the 1930s, and later, in the 1940s, shared by CEPAL. It argues that the crises of the 1980s were due to the contradictory nature of the financial performance of the public sector. Finally, the author proposes some basic ideas for the reform of the state as a condition for a new strategy of development

Changes in the international financial markets implied new conditions for the financing of Latin American foreign debt. The dollarization of the economies acquired new importance, intensely affecting the monetary sovereignty of some countries. As a result, new economic policies were instituted in Argentina and Brazil aimed at reducing inflation by imposing a price freeze and a general de-indexation of the economy. The author takes into account the external context as well as both the economic structures and the accumulation of capital, as he analyzes the limitations of the measures used to slowdown the long-term dollarization and the main features of the Austral and Cruzado Plans