Suchergebnisse

This article, taking as a starting point the Gulf Wars, traces the profile of the new world order that took shape with the end of Cold War & the Soviet Union, & the raise of the United States as the major power in the 21st century. The author also affirms that the new world order, proclaimed in order to promote permanent development & peace, combines the economic-politic binomial of the neo-liberal democracy. Adapted from the source document.

This paper presents an alternative view of agricultural commercialization in the capitalist development process, in contrast with the functionalist approach derived from neoclassical economic theory. In the Brazilian economy, agricultural capital circulation depends on the social organization of production and the development of capitalist concentration, both determined by the modernization process. The author emphasizes the tendency toward subordination of circulation activities, the growing importance of different types of capital and its financial appreciation in agricultural production and circulation

Kenneth N. Waltz's magnum opus, Theory of International Politics, first published in 1979, is the single most widely read contribution to neorealism. Waltz claimed the establishment of a nomothetic theory of international politics that deals in regularities and repetitions, arguing that the structural component of the international system greatly influences state behaviour and hence outcomes. The author proposes a macrotheoretical solution to the micro account of traditional realism that focuses on unit and individual level explanations. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with Brazilian participation, as a non-member State, in the activities of the International Refugee Organization (IRO). The author examines first the historical, political & legal context of both the establishment & the mandate of the IRO. He then uses primary sources researched at the Historical Archive of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to analyze the internal decision-making, enforcement & outcomes of Brazilian foreign policy relating to the protection of refugees between 1946 & 1952. References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper deals with some aspects of the Brazilian agricultural development in the last decade. The growth rate differentials between agriculture and industry in the 1980s is first analysed. According to the author, the kind of structural adjustment the Brazilian economy has faced during that period has favored agriculture to grow faster than the industrial sector. Furthermore it is argued that there has been an important additional incentive to agriculture, due to a huge reduction in the agricultural production costs. (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)

This article stresses the pertinence of the concepts of indexed money, as well as of excessive liquidity of financial assets, for the analysis of stabilization programs in Brazil. The author insists on the difficulties inherent in the combination of a high amount of quasi-money with fiscal and exchange pressures that are strongly expansionary, including pressures arising from the servicing of the public debt, and suggests that such difficulties may have led the Central Bank to provide automatic financing throughout the eighties

This work draws attention to the clear contrast between the intensity and evolution of the crisis of the thirties and the one that bursts into the early eighties, originating the so-called "lost decade" which has not yet been overcome. While analysing the role played by the central economies in the two recalled occurrences, the author points out that, during the first crisis, external circumstances were more disadvantageous and prolongued, due to its repercussions on international economic relations and the incidence of the Second World War

From 1974-1986 the Brazilian inflation rate showed a tendency to grow as opposed to the declining tendency observed in the 1964-1973 period. The causes of this ressurgence of inflation, its impact and the policies used to control it are analysed using the approaches of the "classical orthodox tradition" and the "neo-structuralist school". The author also presents a preliminary evaluation of the Cruzado Plan, the program of economic stabilization inspired by neo-structuralist ideas, which was implemented in Brazil on February 28, 1986

This article considers life stories and autobiographical narratives as research instruments. It explains the life story method and its possible uses in the field of public health. It includes comments and reflections based on the author's experiences as she did research on the life stories of women, families and individuals in vulnerable situations. The author argues that the life story method, as well as the narratives, enables both the narrator and the researcher to reconstruct their experiences and to the reinterpret the meaning of what happened.

The article describes the growing participation of Brazil in peacekeeping operations. Initially, the author provides an overview of the origin and evolution of these operations, the first of which date back to the 1920s and 1930s. Recent operations, however, point out the trend to broader and more complex mandates. The peacekeeping operations in which Brazil took part, from the 1940s onwards, are briefly reviewed, and emphasis is given to the positions defended by the country in regard to these operations on the debates held in international forums. (Polit Externa/DÜI)

In this paper, the author summarizes his theory of development and underdevelopment, and he presents some ideas about the dependency relation, expressed in the center-periphery system, based on the concept of social surplus and its forms of appropriation and utilization. The paper states the frustrations of a reformist: Protectionism, that was justifiable in a first phase of industrialization, was maintained too long in Latin America; on the other hand, the populist risk was always present, while the real social problems related to a high level of income concentration were not solved

This work is based on a research about the principal's perception about the management of municipal schools in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. The aim of this research was to analyze how principals perceive the pedagogical attributions that are required to develop the management of municipal schools in Jacobina. For this, we used as a data collection instrument a questionnaire whose application involved 22 principals who work in the city and rural schools. We adopted as a method a case study that uses, predominantly, ordinal variables, resulting from the application of Likert scale, and the result of the principals' perception was presented by degree of agreement/disagreement. The questionnaire contains proposals on the elaboration of the Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP), the School Development Plan (SDP), the participation of the principal in the pedagogical actions and the promotion of the participation of the different segments in the pedagogical actions. Based on the analysis of the data, we observed that most of the principals perceive that there are problems regarding the elaboration of the PPP and the SDP. They point out lack of time to participate in the pedagogical questions and, in relation to the participation of the several segments, indicate that there are difficulties in bringing the family to participate in the pedagogical actions, which does not happen in relation to teachers and pedagogical coordinators. We conclude that principals strive for pedagogical actions to occur in a participatory manner and realize the need to direct part of their work to follow the pedagogical attributions that are demanded of them when they take over the direction of the school. ; Este artigo decorre de uma pesquisa sobre a percepção dos diretores acerca da gestão das escolas municipais de Jacobina (BA). A referida pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar como diretores percebem as atribuições pedagógicas que lhes são demandadas para desenvolver a gestão das escolas municipais de Jacobina (BA). Para tal fim, utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados questionário cuja aplicação envolveu 22 diretores que atuam nas escolas da sede e da zona rural. Adotamos como método um estudo de caso que faz uso de variáveis predominantemente ordinais, decorrentes da aplicação de escala tipo Likert, e o resultado da percepção dos diretores foi apresentado por grau de concordância/discordância. O questionário contém proposições sobre a elaboração do Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP), do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola (PDE), da participação do diretor nas ações pedagógicas e da promoção da participação dos diversos segmentos nas ações pedagógicas. Com base na análise dos dados, observamos que a maioria dos diretores percebe que existem problemas em relação à elaboração do PPP e do PDE, apontam falta de tempo para participar das questões pedagógicas e, em relação à participação dos diversos segmentos, indicam que existe dificuldades em trazer a família para participar das ações pedagógicas, o que não acontece em relação aos professores e coordenadores pedagógicos. Concluímos que os diretores se esforçam para que as ações pedagógicas ocorram de forma participativa e percebem a necessidade de direcionar parte de seu trabalho para acompanhar as atribuições pedagógicas que lhes são demandadas ao assumir a direção da escola.

In 'The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein', Michael Potter's essay 'Wittgenstein on mathematics' offers not only an analysis on why Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics is so controversial among philosophers and mathematicians but also justifies such controversy. For that purpose, Potter emphasizes that Wittgenstein's discussions on math are unfinished. This article sheds light on some inconsistencies and contradictions pertaining Wittgenstein's mathematic thoughts which, although reinforcing the decade-long criticism on the author, did not interest scholars as much as Wittgenstein's comments on Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems and his dialogues with Alan Turing on the foundations of mathematics.

The notion of 'epistemic community' is crucial for the characterization of observability, a cornerstone for Bas van Fraassen's constructive empiricism. As a matter of fact, 'observable' is, to him, a short for 'observable-by-us'. In this work, it will be shown that the alleged rigidity of the author of 'The Scientific Image', apparently not very keen to admitting changes in the epistemic community (constituted - according to him - by the human race), is actually an assumption of modesty and good judgment; it means recognizing that scientific enterprise is just a human activity, among many others.

The author discusses the progressive transformation of the cyberspace into one more battleground for international conflicts. The article begins with an analysis of the concept of cyber war, and a discussion about the difficulties of establishing a rigorous conceptualisation within the framework of the Law of Armed Conflict/International Humanitarian Law. Then, the capabilities and vulnerabilities of great powers are also object of analysis, and the complex role of non-state actors in cyber conflicts. The article ends with a discussion about the difficulty of assessing the economic impact of cyber attacks. Adapted from the source document.