An expository review of a study designed to answer the question: Why do some people in Sweden vote the communist ticket? Rydenfelt's book, published in 1954, reports research extending over a 6 yr period. The method is basically ecological, and compares the % of communist votes received in some 380 different election districts with other conditions and characteristics of the districts, such as (mean - average) income level, degree of industrialization, & extent of geographical isolation. This mode of analysis is supplemented with personal interviews, examination of printed matter, and statist materials. Conditions associated with a relatively heavy communist vote are: the presence of a competent agitator, bad labor-management relations, a `collective inferiority complex', geographical isolation, etc. Conditions associated with a relatively light communist vote are: an active religious tradition, an old and established total cultural pattern, the ability of the social democrats to drain off potential communist votes, etc. The author's results also indicate that radicalism can take either a political or a religious form; both the communists and radical religious groups attract more men and young people than the more conservative religious and political groups. Differences between people who vote communist and those who vote social democratic are not econ in nature but appear rather to be explained in terms of different psychol'al orientations. A number of important hypotheses are not supported by Rydenfelt's findings. In particular the presumed + relationships between (1) degree of industrialization & communist vote, (2) low income & communist vote, & (3) unemployment & the communist vote are not substantiated. The author concludes that 'communism's strength and extent within various social groups and geographical regions is not determined to any decisive degree by econ circumstances'. Swedes may vote the communist ticket for ideological reasons, out of `tradition', or as a protest. Alternative modes of expressing dissatisfaction with society are through the religious revival movements and through the Social Democratic Party. These have furnished competition to the communists and acted as safety valves for Swedish society. K. Geiger.
An evaluation of changes in the economic and SS, organization, and attitudes of American scientists since WW II. From 1940-52 non-military research expenditures increased by a factor of 4; military (including atomic) research, by a factor of 40. Yet the economic status of scientists has changed very little, e.g. new PhD's in education and industry received $2,000-3,500 before war; today, $4-5,000 in education, $6-8,000 in industry. Thus, with living costs doubled, 'industrial scientists have kept only slightly ahead of inflation, while academic scientists have been left slightly behind.' Physicists are only group whose average real pay has increased considerably, due to their absorption by industry. New 'occupational hazards' in the form of loyalty checks and security investigations beset post-war scientists. Initial waits for clearance may mean incomeless months, withdrawal of clearance even more traumatic and costly. Scientists travelling abroad are s-ibiect to special investigations and passport delays. As for till organization of scientists, the traditional 'school' headed by a 'great leader' (the 'theoretical physicists' under Niels Bohr in Copenhagen; etc.), encouraging critical thought and exploratory research, has been largely replaced by 'scientific teams.' Papers signed by 6 collaborators, with no 'senior author,' and cutting across the boundaries of individual disciplines, are now common in scientific literature. Moreover, few if any 'great leaders' have emerged since the war. Young scientists now assemble 'not around a master, but around a ...cyclotron.' Restrictions on exploratory research have more than cancelled out benefits from increased research expenditures. The 'research contract' tends to stifle exploratory investigation. The psychological outlook and attitudes of scientists are changing aster than their economic and SS. Immediately after the war they became politically active (for international control of atomic energy), since 1948, this has given way to cynicism and confusion. The majority, particularly the younger, seek refuge in apolitical professionalism, while a minority-restless, frustrated, and apprehensive, remain intensely concerned with making mankind aware of the destructive potential of modern science, and of the need for a new and rational code of political behavior. J. G. Chall.
The author defines an area study as the study of a region presenting a certain politico-social unity with a view to understanding and explaining its place and role in international society. This result can only be obtained by the systematic use of all branches of study that may provide valid explanations. This approach is not new, but the originality of US area studies lies in their systematic character, the number and variety of disciplines on which they draw and the novelty of the aim in view. 3 aspects of area research methodology are considered. (1) Place of area studies in the study of international relations. The scientific examination of the factors in the situation of a given country or group of countries implies that the chief aim is to assess the relationship between a geographical area and the rest of the world. (2) When can a region be considered an area and submitted to systematic study? The first case suitable for an area study is that of a dependent or independent territory with sufficiently pronounced individuality to enable it to play its own part in international relations. It is expedient to group a number of territories for an area study when (a) this group presents some unity of character (geographical, ethnic, linguistic, etc.) leading to common features in international relations or (b) when none of the elements in the group has pronounced individuality. (3) What are the elements of a systematic study and how is it possible to determine the disciplines to be employed? It is felt that history, geography and sociology should form the core of any area study . Other disciplines are used as required in particular geographic areas. The director will play an important role in choosing the area to be studied and in selecting the sciences that may be profitably used. The study must be made by a team, each member a specialist in a given area, the director being a specialist in international relations. M. Morris.
It is noted that the stages of agri'al development correspond to the stages of periods of over-all development (including industry & market system). Educ'al strategy must be defined in relation to a type of society undergoing change, whose structure & evolutionary process have been noted by the author in ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROGRAMMING OF RURAL EDUCATION (Paris: UNESCO, 1966). The extent to which agri'al workers participate in both the general educ'al system & the specific system provided for them by most countries is linked to levels of ED & to the aims & structures of the educ'al system. In a traditional society the educ'al system is is reserved for the privilege of a few from the elite. The overall process of industr'ization leads to a growth of educ which benefits the Ru pop at the level of primary educ, but U educ is still kept beyond the reach of almost all the Ru pop. About 10 yrs ago, 85% of the children of agri'al workers in France took up agri'al work with only a primary-Sch educ. Meanwhile, current SE changes have changed the level of aspirations & expectations of agri'al workers. Ru society is faced with an agonizing crisis. 3 courses are seen to be possible in the West: capitalist agri; a modernized artisanal or neo-artisanal agri, integrated wholly or partly into industr or commercial capitalism; a neo-artisanal agriculture integrated into cooperative structures. The system of public agri'al instruction set up in the 19th cent is about to disappear. The following guidelines for the new system are proposed: (1) Integrated agri'al complexes, in which neo-artisanal farms are linked to poles of cooperative or individual development composed of agri'al & food industries & central sales points, should be set up to draw on powerful creative resources & to disseminate structured information. (2) The total information requirements of Ru societies should be considered. There is a serious lack of operational res in this field. (3) Adult information & training programs which have grown up in recent yrs, esp in France, must be provided with corresponding educ'al material & methods to free the creative dynamism of agri'al workers which has so long been stifled by the many pressures hampering traditional Ru society. Teaching methods should also aim to develop the ability to assume functional relationships & the abilities of group leadership. 1 Table. M. Maxfield.
An analysis of the interplay of soc forces that have shaped the the soc security systems In diff pol'ai & cultural settings, which traces the development of the concept of econ protection as a soc right from the French revolution, which proclaimed the right to work, through the poor laws in Europe, to the present time. The author next examines the development of soc security systems in 4 countries. Germany started with Bismarck's paternalistic approach, followed by the Sue Democratic emphasis on redistribution of wealth from the rich to the poor. After WWII, the system was radically reoriented. With West Germany's participation in the Common Market, a .,compromise was made between the protection of every individual & incentive to econ growth. The UK saw the gradual emergence of the concept of equality & of the protection of the dignity of the individual. This development culminated in the Beveridge Plan, which was implemented by the postwar Labor gov. In the US, with a strong individualist tradition, the soc security system was always strongly linked to the entrepreneur philosophy. The crucial concept is the contributary-contractual principle, for which the rationale is the idea of earned contractual right. Since the gov does not contribute to the soc security funds & since the deductions are levied from the lowest part of the earnings, there is a strong regressive element in the US system. In the USSR, econ protection of all citizens is considered the duty of the state & follows from the philosophy of collectivism. Hence, the coverage is complete & the workers do not have to contribute anything. But by the same logic, the state can manipulate the system for its needs & advantage. It can use it, for instance, to attract people to regions it wants to develop or for punitive ends. In conclusion, the systems in the countries compared are very similar in the external aspects: all beneficiaries of soc security systems wait for their regular pay checks. But the diff soc philosophies & degrees of representativeness of gov's affect, if not the extent, certainly the structure of the rights. The diff's relate to the degree of protection, the conditions under which rights are awarded & the meanings attached to them. A. Peskin.
An historical definition of the sociol of literature is presented. The situation & development of this field are examined mainly in the US, France, & the Federal Republic of Germany. In the US it is held that sociol'al literary criticism has evolved, perhaps more than anywhere else, in accordance with the soc situation. The approaches of the following critics are noted: V. F. Calverton, R. H. Pearce, L. Lowenthal, I. Watt, K. Burke, & R. Wellek & A. Warren. It is stated that the enormous Amer production of sociol'al works obviously comprises numerous notes on literature, but these notes do not at all compensate for the general dearth which is so obvious in this field. In Germany, there is felt to be a philosophical & sociol'al tradition which is directed to a much greater extent towards the sociol of literature. Certain Marxian writers, such as F. Mehring, are mentioned in this connection. Another approach is the use of the concept of form as applied to society & its cultural productions. G. Lukacs adopts an intermediate approach: his work, Kantian at the start, then Hegelian & Marxian, represents the corpus of the most complete sociol of literature yet produced by a single author. Cited are THE SOUL AND FORMS (Berlin, 1911) & THEORY OF THE NOVEL (Paris, 1963). After WWII it is mainly around the Frankfurt Sch that the sociol of literature developed. Mentioned are T. W. Adorno, W. Benjamin, L. Schuking, E. Auerbach & E. Kohler. In France, a little-known precursor of the French sociol'al tradition is J. M. Guyau, who in 1889 affirmed the structuralist nature of criticism. Other forerunners are J. Bedier, G. Lanson & L. Febvre. It is felt that the sociol of literature has found its most coherent expression in L. Goldmann, who holds that the sociol of literature has in view the understanding of the meaning of a work. This means clarifying the total network of meanings which internal analysis of a work reveals by an explanation & inserting this network in a whole of wider signif: the soc group. In conclusion, the works cited seem to indicate 2 directions for res: (a) a microsociol'al study of groups which comprise a world vision, whose aim must be the study of the actual conditions operating between creative groups & individuals, & (2) a more scrupulous reading of texts which would include the symptomatological structures. E. Weiman.
In the westernization process, the assumption is made that the Mc is the 'progressive' element striving to overcome the vested interest of the Uc's & the ignorance of the traditionbound peasant masses. While this generally represents the Iranian society, the author focuses on 'att's' of the modern Mc which complicate its 'progressive' role. A small group of wealthy landowners, merchants, manufacturers, & a larger group of army officers support the gov, officials, policies, & other activities. Opposition is in 3 groups: (i) leaders of large tribes, (ii) bazaar & its workers led by traditional religious leaders, & (iii) the 'modern' Mc of gov officials, small landowners, teachers, & non-bazaar merchants. The peasants - (80% Iranians) - are of little importance in public life. This report is based on (a) unstructured observations & conversations recorded in Shiraz, (b) a small sample of personal acquaintances was asked questions at the end of the 11-month stay, & (c) analysis of letters, newspapers, magazines, movies, & Persian & relevant Western literature was included. The following att's bearing on the capacity of the Mc to lead modernization are discussed: (1) Men are by nature evil, powerseeking, & irrational; 'right' educ can change men for the better. (2) All is changeable & in a state of flux. (3) The emotional effect on the audience of verbal communication is stressed; exaggeration is acceptable & demanded. (4) Untruth in statements is tolerated to an unusual degree & in bargaining, describing one's country, or opinions, the truth is regarded as stupid or foolish. (5) One must distrust those around him in society regardless of how friendly they seem at present, (6) Life is a struggle to obtain & preserve a position in an established order through manipulation of others. (7) One is pessimistic about there being any values beyond his own immediate pleasure for which he should strive including fear & distrust of the opposite sex & marriage. (8) Belief in personal superiority, moral & intellectual, over those around him. (9) Any gov is the enemy & great exploiter of the people: only unorganized church people & threats of revolution or de-pop inhibit the gov. (10) One's needs for security, happiness, & success cannot be satisfied in Iran & nothing can signif'ly improve conditions in Iran. The emphasis on personal manipulation of people, absence of att's necessary for cooperation, clouding of communication with untruths, exaggeration, & pessimism are hindrances to the modernizing role of the Mc. J. D. Twight.
A part of a larger study of mail communications from businessmen to legislators on matters of econ policy done by the CIS-MIT in 1954-55. Data were gathered by interviews with 50 Congressmen (C), their staff, & a large number of businessmen (B); & by reading the incoming mail of C. The author makes the following points: (1) Both C & B place great importance on mail as a form of influence on political-legislative actions; yet, since much of B mail is 'stimulated' (writing campaigns) the expected influence is dissipated because it is precisely this kind of mail which is rarely read by C; (2) on many vital issues little or no mail may be received; (3) on tariff & reciprocal trade laws most mail comes from a few sources (business, labor & the League of Women Voters); (4) the message letters convey is shaped by the institution stimulating the mass mailing; (5) mass mail stimulated by any given industry tends to have its own special characteristics (the cherry industry letters are 'reasonable sounding'); (6) mail communication is direct; letter writers rarely go through local or state channels to write C; (7) writers rarely fully identify themselves or get prestigeful persons to vouch for them (paradoxically, the attention C pays to mail is in part a function of how important the writer or his friend is); (8) mail from non-constituents is disregarded by C; (9) writers show little technical mastery of econ legislation; (10) most letters show a high degree of cliches & stereotyped phrases, & few letters show new thoughts or indicate conviction; (11) there is a diff in the handling & effect of mail received by Senators & Representatives: Representatives see & handle their own mail & its disposition depends on the individual, the subject, time, etc; Senators have mail clerks, rarely see their mail, & rely on the judgment of their clerks as to the importance of mail; (12) precisely where a mail campaign might be helpful, there often is none; (13) generally, constituents with ideas suggest solutions which are either procedurally impossible or are not in accordance with legislative custom; & (14) mail communications on new laws are often ineffective because they come too late in the legislative process. T. L. Blair.
Proceedings contain: Introductory Note by Kurt W. Back, John P. Robinson, & Philip Harding; the AAPOR Award presented "For Exceptionally Distinguished Achievement" to Jean Stoetzel, President of the French Institut of PO; Presidential Address on "Public Opinion Research as Communication," by W. Phillps Davison, President, Amer Assoc for PO Res; Abstracts of 22 papers presented; summaries of 13 Luncheon Open Discussion Groups; & a note on the Annual Advisory AAPOR Business Meeting. Papers presented were: PUBLIC OPINION IN PERSPECTIVE, Chairman: W. Phillips Davison (Columbia U, New York, NY): Harold D. Lasswell (City U of New York, NY), "Communications Research and Public Policy," Public Opinion Quarterly, 1972, 36, 3, Fall, 301 -- 310. Discussion by Daniel Lerner (Mass Instit of Technology, Cambridge). EFFECTS OF TELEVISION ON SOCIAL AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR, Chairman: Harold Mendelsohn (U of Denver, Colo); Harold Mendelsohn, "Some Reasons Why Information Campaigns Can Succeed;" Sidney Kraus (U of Massachusetts, Amherst), "Mass Communication and Political Behavior: A Reassessment of Two Decades of Research." HAVE WE CHANGED OUR MINDS ABOUT PROBABILITY SAMPLING? Chairman: Alfred E. Goldman (Nat'l Analysts, Inc): Sydney Roslow & Laurence Roslow (Baruch Coll, City U of New York, NY), "Sample Design: 36-Inch or 24-Inch Yardstick;" Richard Maisel (New York U, NY), "Inference from Nonprobability Samples." ADVERTISING AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS: POLICIES AND PERSPECTIVES, Chairman: Donald L. Kanter (U of Southern California, Los Angeles): John G. Myers (U of California, Berkeley), "Communication Models and Advertising Regulation;" Donald L. Kanter (U of Southern California, Los Angeles), "Government Policy and Public Service Advertising." WAPOR: INTERACTION OF RESEARCH AND GOVERNMENT POLICY, Chairman: Kurt W. Back (Duke U, Winston-Salem, NC): J. Timothy Sprehe, "Prospects for a World Fertility Survey;" Discussion: Samuel Baum (Bur of the Census, Washington, DC), David Mutchler (Aid to Internat'l Development, Washington, DC), & Michael Hoffman (Marcomer, Paris). LARGE-SCALE CONTINUING STUDIES IN EDUCATION, Chairman: Eugene L. Hartley (U of Wisconsin, Green Bay): Thomas P. Hogan (U of Wisconsin, Green Bay), "The Extent and Uses of Survey-Type Testing in American Schools;" David E. Drew (Amer Council on Educ), "Survey of Current Research in Higher Education." THE OBJECTIVITY OF NEWS COVERAGE, Chairman: Leo Bogart (Bur of Advertising, ANPA): G. Ray Funkhouser (Pennsylvania State U, University Park), "All I Know Is What I See in the Media;" Ben H. Bagdikian (Washington Post, DC), "Who Shall Watch the Watchman?"; Norman E. Isaacs (Columbia U, New York, NY), "Does News Form Overpower News Content." THE EUROPEAN ORIGINS OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH: A PANEL DISCUSSION, Panelists: Paul F. Lazarsfeld (Columbia U, New York, NY), Jean Stoetzel (Instit Framcais d'Opinion Publique, Paris); Albert E. Gollin (Bur of Soc Sci Res), & Gillian M. Lindt (American U, Washington, DC), "Signposts Along the Way: On Some European Origins of Public Opinion Research." WAPOR: RESEARCH ON FAMILY PLANNING, Chairman: Kurt W. Back (Duke U, Winston-Salem, NC): Ismail Sirageldin (Johns Hopkins U, Baltimore, Md), "The Survey Method in Family Planning Research and Evaluation: The Case of Pakistan." THE CHANGING BASES OF ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR, Chairman: Robert Agranoff (Northern Ill U, Normal): Everett C. Ladd Jr (U of Connecticut, Storrs, "Political Issues and Differentiation of the Citizenry Parties;" Charles H. Backstrom (U of Minnesota, Minneapolis), "Congress and the Public Opinion: How Representative Is the One of the Other?" CORPORATE TRACKING SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS, Chairman: Sol Dutka (Audits & Surveys Inc), Malcolm A. McNiven (Coca-Cola Co), "Continuing Consumer Research at Coca-Cola USA;" Nicholas J. Mammana (AT & T), "Teeing Off on Tracking;" Robert W. Pratt, Jr & David T. Case (General Electric Co), "The Application of Tracking Data to Strategic Planning." SIMULATION GAME DEMONSTRATION: STARPOWER, Chairman: Arlene & Daniel O'Leary (Simulation Learning Instit): CHANGING VALUES IN AMERICA, Chairman: Ralph K. White (George Washington U, Washington, DC): "Contrasting Approaches to the Measurement of Values;" Milton Rokeach (U of Western Ontario, London), "Values in American Society." THE PROBLEM OF DRUG ABUSE: RESEARCH AND POLICY NEEDS, Chairman: Mitchell Balter Psychopharmacology Res Branch, NIMH), & A. John Rush (Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention), "A View from the Public Sector." This abstract is being presented in 2 Parts. Additional contribution are in the abstract that follows. M. Maxfield.
For an introduction to this article see SA 0206/E9423. The article is a reprint from Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 1944, 25, 2, 100-117. Res is presented which inquired into the readjustments that have taken place in Negro fam life as 'a result of war emergency (WWII), & to what entent these readjustments may have been conditioned by the factor of minority group status. 1, 000 Tex Negro fam's were selected from various towns & cities in East Tex according to the proportional representation of the Negro pop in these areas. 50 Negro fam heads were asked to write letters giving an account of how the present war has affected their fam's. The following aspects are dealt with: (1) changes in fam formation; (2) changes in place of residence; (3) changes in econ functions of fam members; (4) relation of fam readjustment & minority group status. Data show that under the influence of WWII Amer fam's come into existence more rapidly & become dissolved more rapidly than in peace time. Negro fam's are no exception. Fam's had an abnormally high rate of mobility during the 3-yr period immediately following 1941, & their reasons for moving were based upon attempted adjustment to the labor demands of the US war economy. Responding to the expanded labor demand in specific industries, members of these fam's shifted from a group of agri'al & domestic service workers to a mass of factory labor. Although this shift intensified racial friction, it resulted in a change of the position of these fam's & the establishment of a new pattern of life which they defined as better than the old. The att's of white & Negro Coll students revealed a willingness of whites to tolerate this change in ES as long as the traditional SR of the races are maintained. 4 Tables, 5 Charts. Henry A. Bullock, SOME READJUSTMENTS OF THE NEGRO FAMILY IN 1944 AND 1970-offers an explanation of how the author viewed Negro fam readjustment in the first instance & how he views it now. In 1944 the concern was with the degree & manner in which an instit accommodates to new circumstances imposed upon it by the external environment in which it is enmeshed. Then the quality of black fam's was judged in terms of how they deviated from WASP norms. Now the Amer assimilation ideal is being abandoned. Blacks want to be black. Negro fam's could now be observed in terms of the efficiency with which they are org'ed to meet needs generated by conditions under which black people have to live. In a ghetto, a WASP style of fam org would be a poor tool for fam survival. Today's res'er should probe beyond the structural horizon & into the dynamics of fam org itself. This will lead to a further & beneficial fading of the demarcation line between pure & applied res. M. Maxfield.
The table of contents of the Proceedings is followed by an Introductory Note by John P. Robinson & Kurt Back which states that the 26th AAPOR Conference was held May 19-22, 1971 in Pasadena, Calif. 16 formal sessions & 8 luncheon round-table discussions were held under the general theme 'Public Opinion in a Society under Pressure.' The AAPOR Award for distinguished achievement was presented to Walter Lippmann. A brief history of the Award is given. Richard H. Baxter, A NEW GOAL FOR AAPOR: PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, discusses the relevancy of AAPOR as an org in the context of modern survey res & the increasing depersonalization & massive growth of the res community. The org has made 4 kinds of responses to recent developments of professional growth: (a) high-caliber annual conference programs; (b) the consistently dedicated activity of successive AAPOR Standing Committees on Standards; (c) the encouragement & development of young people having an interest in PO res through the Annual AAPOR Student Competition; (d) the establishment of an ad hoc committee chaired by Barbara Lee-on Soc Concerns. The role of individual AAPOR members as res ombudsmen in their communities is touched upon. The establishment of a professional consultation panel is proposed. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS presents the following: (1) SOCIAL INDICATORS - Chairman: Raymond A. Bauer (Harvard U, Cambridge, Mass); Donald S. Shoup, 'Social Indicators: Some Possible Futures;' & Peter J. Henriot (Seattle U, Washington), 'Social Indicators: Some Practical Politics.' (2) IMPACT OF SOCIAL RESEARCH ON POLICY DECISIONS - Chairman: Hervert I. Abelson; John P. Robinson (U of Michigan, Ann Arbor), 'The Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior;' Nathan Caplan (U of Michigan, Ann Arbor), 'The National Commission on Civil Disorders;' Joseph T. Klapper (Columbia Broadcasting System, New York, NY), 'Observations on the Research Situation Faced by Commissions and Similar Bodies;' Sandar J. Ball-Rokeach (U of Western Ontarto,Toronto), 'The National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.' (3) CONSUMERISM: DIRECTIONS AND ISSUES, Chairman: Robert Lavidge: Robert J. Lavidge, 'Introductory Remarks;' Raymond A. Bauer (Harvard U, Cambridge, Mass), 'Consumerism in Perspective;' John S. Coulson, 'A Response to Consumerists.' (4) ESTABLISHMENT ELITES IN A TIME OF CHANGE, Chairman: Robert E. Lee: Victor D. Beardsley, 'Local Leadership: Its Characteristics and Structure;' Ruth Clark, 'Top Corporate Leadership in a Time of Change.' (5) TRANSITIONS IN YOUTH CULTURE: A SPECULATIVE FRAMEWORK, Chairman: Luiz Simmons: Luiz Simmons, 'The Real Generation Gap: A Speculation on the Meaning and Implications of Youth Activism;' Elinor Luire (San Francisco Med Center, Calif), 'Son of the Silent Majority: Intergenerational Perceptions of Youthful Dissent;' David Gottlieb (Pennsylvania State U, University Park), 'Vista, Pepsi, and Poverty.' (8) PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH IN A SOCIETY OF CHANGE AND CRISIS: A METHODOLOGICAL REVIEW, Chairman: Hope Klapper (New York U, NY) & Fred H. Goldner (Queens Coll, City U of New York), 'Public Opinion and Survey Research: A Poor Mix;' Eric Marder, 'The Five Stages of Survey Research.' (7) MOBILIZING PUBLIC OPINION, Chairman: Daniel Yankelovich: a Discussion between Yankelovich, Lowell Beck, & William Ruder. (8) THE SILENT MAJORITY AND SOCIAL ISSUES, Chairman: Mervin D. Field, 'Noisy Pluralism vs the Silent Majority;' William E. Bicker (U of California, Berkeley), 'Welfare-the Transition Issue;' Robert A. Levine, 'The Silent Majority: Neither Simple Nor Simple-Minded.' (9) PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH AND THE MEDIA, Chairman: Herbert E. Krugman: Herbert E. Krugman, 'The Television Generation and the New Research Needs;' Scott Ward (Harvard U, Cambridge, Mass), 'Television Advertising and Children: Two Studies.' (10) PRE-ELECTION SURVEYS: HINDSIGHT AND OUTLOOK, Chairman: Sidney Hollander: Sidney Hollander, 'Implications of the 1970 British Fiasco;' Paul Perry, 'The Turnout Problem in Election Surveys;' Charles Kinsolving, 'Political Polling in a Primary: Sample Attrition and Turnout Prediction;' Lawrence Bown, Charles K. Atkin, Kenneth G. Sheinkopf, & Oguz B. Nayman (U of Wisconsin, Madison & Colorado State U, Fort Collins) 'How Voters React to Electronic Political Advertising: An Investigation of the 1970 Election Campaigns in Wisconsin and Colorado.' (11) HOW CAN THE PUBLIC OPINION PROFESSION AND COMMON CAUSE WORK TOGETHER? Chairman: Barbara Lee: A discussion exploring the role res'ers could play vs soc action org's. (12) THE DRUG SCENE: CURRENT RESEARCH, Chairman : Donald L. Kanter (U of Southern California, Los Angeles): Donald L. Kanter, 'Some Aspects of the Broadcast Anti-Drug Program;' David Checkman, 'A Review of Research on the Causes of Drug Abuse or How Not to Get Turned On;' Lawrence H. Geiger, 'Age, Reported Marijuana Use, and Belief in Some Assumed Negative Effects of the Drug;' Glen D. Mellinger, 'Psychotherapeutic Drug Use Among Adults: A Model for Young Drug Users?' Eric Josephson, Paul Haberman, & Anne Zanes (Columbia U, New York, NY), 'High School Drug Behavior: A Methodological Report.' (13) NEW DIREC- TIONS FOR SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, Chairman: Ronald Gatty (City U of New York, NY): Ronald Gatty, 'New Directions for Survey Research Methods;' William Belson (London Sch of Econ's, England), 'New Perspectives on Traditional Forms of Survey Research and Analysis;' R. Richard Ritt (Pennsylvania State U, University Park), 'Drawing Actionable Inference from Survey Data.' (14) CHANGING IDEALS, VALUES AND BE- LIEFS, Chairman: Emanuel H. Demby, 'The Shock of Future Shock;' Stephen Pittel, 'The Shock Is Now;' George Harris, 'Psychology Today.' (15) SOCIAL RESEARCH TECHNIQUES IN DEFINING HEALTH PROBLEMS, Chairman: Raymond Fink: Raymond Fink, Sam Shapiro, & Conrad Rosenberg, 'Social Research Techniques in the Study of Poverty and Non-Poverty Groups in Multiphasic Health Testing;' Gerald Sparer & Louise Okada, 'Differential Patterns of Health Service Utilization by Poverty Levels in Eight Urban Neighborhoods;' Jorge Segovia & Jack Elinson (Columbia U, New York, NY) 'What Physicians Think about Physicians in Argentina.' (16) STUDENT AWARD PAPERS, Chairman: Harold H. Kassrjian (U of California, Los Angeles): 1st Prize: Marcus Felson (U of Michigan, Ann Arbor), 'The Social Basis of Political Protest: The Wallace Vote in Districts Outside the South;' 2nd Prize: Ted Bradshaw (U of California, Berkeley), 'The Robustness of Correlation in Survey Research: A Data Simulation.' (17) LUNCHEON ROUND TABLES, Chairman: William L. Nicholls II (U of California, Berkeley): Gene N. Levine (U of California, Los Angeles), 'Research on Ethnic and Racial Groups;' Karen E. Page (U of California, Davis), 'The Changing Role of Women in Society: Research in Progress and Prospect;' Thomas S. Robertson (U of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia), 'Adolescent Consumer Socialization;' Joseph Zelan & Joseph Gusfield (U of California, Berkeley & U of California, San Diego), 'Equality and Authority in Higher Education: The Study of Student Power and Participation; Leo Crespi, 'Public Opinion and the Population Crisis;' Helen M. Crossley, 'Honesty with Respondents and Interviewers;' Matilda B. Paisley & William J. Paisley (Stanford U, Calif), 'Nonexperimental Causal Inference;' Francesco Nicosia (U of California, Berkeley), 'Buying Decision Processes by Consumers and Organizations.' Don Cahalan, ANNUAL ADVI- SORY AAPOR BUSINESS MEETING, concluded the convention. M. Maxfield.
