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Foreign direct investment is the largest source of external funds in both developed and developing countries. Some literature explains that one of the barriers to investment flow is corruption. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of corruption as measured by the corruption perception index on foreign direct investment. Corruption is a political risk that affects the flow of foreign direct investment. The estimation results of the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) show that the corruption perception index has a significant positive effect on foreign direct investment. The author also uses market seeking and efficiency seeking variables as potential factors that influence investors to direct foreign direct investment.

ABSTRACT The title of this research is An Analysis of Acehnese Morality in the Authority of Local Party as Reflected in the Novel Tanah Surga Merah By Arafat Nur. This novel was published in 2016 and the problems of the research are: 1) How does the author describe the potrait of Acehnese morality as reflected in novel Tanah Surga Merah by Arafat Nur; 2) How does the author describe the authority of local party in Aceh as reflected in novel Tanah Surga Merah by Arafat Nur. The objective of this research are: 1) to describe and analyse the potrait of Acehnese morality as reflected in novel Tanah Surga Merah by Arafat Nur; 2) to describe and analyse the authority of local party in Aceh as reflected in novel Tanah Surga Merah by Arafat Nur. Tanah Surga Merah is a novel that tells us about morality and authority of local party in Aceh. The authority of local party is the power of the local party in influencing the society to achieve a goal. Authority of local party have some influence to the country and society. Acehnese morality is refer to attitudes, ethics,and the way of Acehnese how they judge good or bad. Acehnese morality here is closely related to the authority of local party. The authority of local party contributes to the formation of acehnese morality. The authority of a good local party will form a good acehnese morality, as well as otherwise. The methodology used in this research is library research. It is a kind of research where the data taken from the collection of books, and some other sources. The way of collecting data consist of two forms of sources; from primary data and secondary data. Primary data is the main data that taken from the novel, and secondary data taken from another books or through the desk observation (internet) that also related with the problem. The way of data analysis followed the three components consisted of data reduction, data display and data verification. The result of the research for first problem are consist of: 1) An analysis of Acehenese Morality; a) Acehnese ...

Musyarakah Mutanaqishah is one of akad which has minor risk compared to the other akad that is commonly implemented by sharia banking. In Musyarakah Mutanaqisah contract of cooperation Musyarakah Mutanaqishah can be done in various commercial business activities, with the form of business that is shariah compliant, among others; the principle of buying and selling, and renting rent. The important point is to be aware of that Musyarakah Mutanaqisah creates ownership in the form of a stationary asset, the parties in the union are not allowed to sell the portion of the assets owned to the other party outside the union without permission from other members of the union. Because, when members of the union sell their portions to the outside of the Union, there is a right to the members of the long-standing member of the assets that have been purchased by new members of the union. When the rights of Syuf'ah are applied, there is a worry that the parties are harmed. Based on this background, the author examines the right of Syuf'ah in Musyarakah Mutanaqishah contract. Based on the results of the study of the rules of agreement Musyarakah Mutanaqishah, based on theories and the rules of Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia do not discuss the rules regarding the prohibition of parties in the union move or sell to other parties outside the union. But the implementation of this agreement on Sharia banking, the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan regulates the standard application of Musyarakah Mutanaqisah product. In the standard book the application of musyarakah Mutanaqishah products, arranged in relation to Negative Covenant clause. In drafting a financing agreement contract with the Musyarakah Mutanaqisah scheme, the bank should bind customer not to divert and surrender the portion of the customer's ownership to the other party, either in whole or in part. The author hopes the rule of application of this agreement is also noticed by other financial institutions, especially non-bank financial institutions in its transaction also implementing Musyarakah Mutanaqisah contract.

One of the programs in Communication Information Technology in the government field is the implementation of E-Government. During this digital era, efforts to implement e-government are being actively carried out by public or government bureaucracy to improve services to the public and governance. Pidie district government has begun implementing e-government, one of which is through Pidie District Head Regulation No. 53 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of e-Perfomance in Pidie District Government Unit in which it is a part of e-government. Pidie Government through Pidie Regency Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) has begun to socialize e-government implementation by disseminating e-performance applications to the civil servantin Pidie District Apparatus Work Unit. This research was conducted to see the relationship between e-government implementation and the performance of the Civil servantin the Pidie District Government. This research used a combination method approach using sequential explanatory design. The data collection technique used in this study was the distribution of questionnaires to 22 Civil servant (ASN) in the Central Government Office of Pidie District, the Regional Secretariat of Pidie District, an office directly related to employment, namely BKPSDM. The sampling of this research is purposive sampling which is a non-random sampling or nonprobability sampling. Processing data using Partial least square (PLS) analysis which is a multivariate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) data analysis method. In the PLS analysis method there are three stages of evaluation, first evaluating the outer model, second evaluating the inner model, and finally testing the hypothesis. The results of the final evaluation of hypothesis testing can be concluded that the implementation of E-Government has a significant relationship with improving the state civil apparatuses performance of the Pidie District Government with a contribution of 79.7%.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted all people in various walks of life and sectors of life, especially in the food and beverage service business industry such as at PT. Bisa Group Outlet Paradise Dynasty. So the main step from the government, especially in the city of Medan, is to issue Medan Mayor Regulation No. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method which was conducted by means of open and in-depth interviews. The theory used in this study is the theory of G. Shabbir Cheema and Dennis A. Rondinelli models to determine the success of the implementation of several variables used, namely: environmental conditions, resources, organizational relationships, and characteristics of the implementor. The results of this study based on the presentation and analysis of data by the author, it can be concluded that the implementation of the adaptation of new habits in the conditions of the covid-19 pandemic at the determining paradise dynasty outlet was successfully implemented based on indicators of environmental conditions, resources, organizational relations, and characteristics of the implementor. . However, from the successful implementation of the adaptation, the obstacle encountered was the lack of awareness of visitors to comply with health protocols

This paper aims to discuss the extent to which the influence of the military in the political system in Myanmar related to cases of prosecution of ethnic Rohingya in 2017. Myanmar's government through the military is considered to use violence and discrimination against Rohingya ethnic groups resulting in thousands of casualties and the ethnic Rohingya fled to neighboring countries. This research was conducted to assess the role of the military in the Myanmar government system because under the 2008 Constitution, the military had a seat of 25 percent in the Myanmar parliament and had a number of authorities in the political system. This can be considered as a trigger for the military's aggressiveness towards Rohingya because of military representatives who have existence in the Myanmar parliament. The author uses concordance theory and the concept of new professionalism of internal security and national development in analyzing related phenomena. The results of this study indicate the existence of military influence in the Myanmar government because under the constitution, the military controls three strategic departments, namely Defense, Internal Affairs and Border. The military also holds full control of the armed forces, police and security forces, thus demonstrating the military role in Myanmar's policies regarding prosecution of the ethnic minority Rohingya.

Ormas, which are familiarly referred to as community organizations, are organizations that exist and are formed from the community voluntarily based on the same needs, interests, common aspirations, activities and goals in participating in development for the sake of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila. The purposes of this study are to reveal the scope of government authority in the dissolution of civil society organizations in Indonesia and the mechanism for the dissolution of civil society organizations in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. Sources of legal materials used in the form of secondary and primary legal sources through recording and documentation studies in which legal materials and data are managed using interpretive analysis. The results of the study indicate that the scope of government authority in the dissolution of community organizations is based on the attribution authority. Regarding the mechanism for dissolving community organizations, it refers to the provisions of Law Number 16 of 2017 concerning Ormas. The author suggests that the government always conduct socialization and supervision related to the activities of community organizations so that the community and mass organizations must be guided by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Pancasila because it is the most important principle in establishing community organizations.

The declining attention of young voters on several aspects makes political education very vital for the sustainability of democracy in Indonesia. Political education for students who are young voters in this case are students of the Constitutional Law is considered important to increase their participation at the tertiary level, namely the election of DEMA (Student Executive Council) IAIN Madura. This study used an approach to students of the Constitutional Law study program, Islamic State Faculty of IAIN Madura through observation and interviews as well as data collection supported by document studies through several relevant kinds of literature so that data triangulation was then carried out to produce valid data. The results showed that in the aspect of students' initial knowledge about elections from several informants of the Constitutional Law study program students obtained data that they already had a good understanding of. Then on the aspect of student perspectives on campus politics, some of them do not know information about the election of the chairman of the DEMA (Student Executive Council) due to several reasons behind it. So then to increase student political participation in the election of the chairman of DEMA the author formulated three political stimuli, namely through learning political science courses, through campus organizations, and mass media.

The rise of corruption cases that occur in Indonesia today, if we see corruption cases in Indonesia every year is always increasing, not decreasing, this causes people to feel angry with corruptors. The percentage and network of corruption Angelina Sondakh of the Supreme Court Judge's Decision No. 1616k / Pis.Sus / 2013 is quite interesting to examine especially if we can see who the dominant actors are in this case, both from the planning process, the bidding process, the bid evaluation process, and implementation and evaluation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach which illustrates the phenomenon of Angelina sondakh corruption case in the Supreme Court's Decision No. 1616 K / Pid.Sus / 2013. Descriptive analysis in this study uses the Nvivo 12 Plus software. Data from this study were sourced from the Supreme Court Decision No. 1616 K / Pid.Sus / 2013 and previous research relating to the Corruption of Angelina Sondakh. The results of this discussion The conclusions that the author can take from the presentation of the analysis above are based on the decision of the Supreme Court No. 1616 K / Pid.Sus / 2013 analyzed with Nvivo 12 Plus in general from the four processes above can be seen Corporate 9.05%, Government 7.62%, Political Parties 0.32% and Political Consultants 0%. Keyword: Corruption; Bribery; Network

On November, 4th 2020, the Tigrayan Area became one of the deadly conflict hotspots in the midst of the global pandemic Covid-19. The conflicts are rooted since the Ethiopian People's Democratic Front (EPRDF) becoming the governing party 30 years ago that reigned by corrupt, dirty, discriminate governance. EPRDF was in coalition with four parties: Amhara Democratic Party (ADP); The Oromo Democratic Party (ODP); Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Party Movement (SEPDPM); and Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Among the four parties, only the TPLF has been promoted and acquired privileges by the EPRDF. These privileges provide TPLF an influence, an important political position, and a military sector, which creates other parties feel excluded. Political friction, sexual violence, and even the issue of ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans underlie the crisis. Since Abiy Ahmed from ODP become a new PM of Ethiopia, it is strongly indicated that his position indirectly supports reprisal against TPLF. The involvement of Eritrea in this conflict, expanding the spectrum of crisis. Deadlock on the solution and the unilateral claims of the Abiy's successful (offensive) settlement against TPLF, agonizing the situation of the Tigrayan people. Therefore, in this essay, the author will explain how the characteristics of the current conflict situation, the ripeness of conflict, methods of resolution of mediation, and possible solution to construct a stable situation in the Tigray Conflict. Key Words: Abiy, Afrika, Amhara, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Oromo, Tigray, TPLF

The large number of land in DKI Jakarta province that have not yet beenregistered is a significant potential tax in increasing BPHTB tax revenue. But in its implementation, the imposition of BPHTB tax for granting new rights to this land is still experiencing obstacles. The constraints experienced are the imposition of BPHTB administrative sanctions based on the time of debt due to the signing of the BPN Decree (SK). In this case, Jakarta's citizenas tax payers felt disadvantaged because they were subjected to administrative sanctions due to the delay in receiving the BPN Decree. Based on the results of the analysis through data collection in the field, literature study as reference material and in-depth interviews with related parties, author concluded that BPRD DKI Jakarta, DKI Jakarta Regional Office of BPN and PPAT DKI Jakarta have been cooperating well in the imposition process of BPHTB tax. But in reality, there are still problems in the case of the imposition of BPHTB administrative sanctions for granting new rights to land due to delays in receipt of SK BPN by taxpayers. To minimize this, a more comprehensive collaboration is needed between agencies, namely BPRD DKI Jakarta, Regional Office of BPN DKI Jakarta and PPAT in DKI Jakarta by conducting Collaborative Governance. With Collaborative Governance, it is expected that services to taxpayers will be better and BPHTB tax revenues in DKI Jakarta will increase.

Corruption is a crime against humanity which is classified as an extraordinary crime. The reform movement that took place in 1998 was motivated by public distrust of the ruling government at that time which was thought to be full of collusion, corruption and nepotism (KKN). After the government in power at that time fell, it was followed by a reformation government. One of the agendas of the reform government is the Eradication of Collusion, Corruption and Nepotism (KKN). Various efforts have been made by the government in preventing and eradicating corruption but corruption is still growing. In the midst of rampant corruption committed by public officials, who in fact mostly come from Political Party cadres, it is only natural for political parties (Parpol) to take responsibility and play a role in anti-corruption measures. Through this paper the author tries to look at the factors behind public officials committing acts of corruption, most of which are thought to come from political party cadres (parpol) and see the role of political parties in the prevention and eradication of corruption.From the above discussion, it can be concluded that all efforts and actions through various approaches have been made by law enforcement officials to prevent and eradicate corruption that has been running for years in this country. The responsibility of political parties (parpol) can be started from the recruitment of party cadres before being distributed to various public positions in the government. Political parties are also responsible for cadres who are involved in criminal acts of corruption by not obstructing law enforcers in the investigation and investigation process carried out.Keywords: Political parties, prevention and eradication of corruption.

Purpose One of the strongest connections in politics in developing countries is through military links. This study aims to examine the auditor choice preference of the militarily-connected firms in Indonesia, an emerging country where there is a strong influence from the military on political decision-making. Design/methodology/approach The analysis used 3,473 firms-year observations listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange spanning from 2003 to 2017 using regression and other statistical tests. Findings The results reveal that firms with a militarily-connected director are less likely to appoint one of the Big 4 auditors. Using the military reform as a natural experiment, the finding shows that militarily-connected firms did not change their auditor choice preference even after the military reform. Interestingly, I find that connected firms are associated with high earnings management. In addition, the different retirement position level and military affiliations of the connected directors generate different outcomes related to the auditor choice decision. Overall, the results indicate that militarily-connected firms were less likely to appoint one of the Big 4 auditors both before and after the military reforms. These results are robust, even after the author controlled for political connections, year fixed effects and industry fixed effects. Research limitations/implications Because of the limitations of the prior literature on military connections, this study is developed based on the assumption that the militarily-connected directors have identical behavior whether they serve in either public or private companies. However, this assumption could be invalid which potentially affects the interpretation of some of the results in this study. Originality/value This paper provides direct evidence of the auditor choice preference of firms with a military connection. The evidence builds on the existing literature on the difference in auditor choice preference between politically and militarily-connected firms.

This study aims to determine how the government administrative apparatus Antasan Professionalism Great Central Banjarmasin. District in carrying out its duties and functions of the organization, especially from the aspect of responsiveness and innovation in addition to knowing the constraints in the government administrative apparatus Antasan Professionalism Great Central District Banjarmasin in running duties and functions of the organization. Type of this research conducted in this research is descriptive research, where the author wants to try to describe the state of the object under investigation at the time of the study is based on existing facts on the ground. The approach in this research with a qualitative approach. The results of research on professionalism District Offices Great Antasan then drawn the conclusion that the organization's administrative offices Antasan Large bureaucracies in response to public aspirations and novating very concerned and do not reflect community expectations to get the best service. Administrative offices of the Organization Antasan more driven by regulation rather than by the mission that has been formulated, the nnicture is not conducive to the aggravating circumstances in which the subordinate is more to be executing orders Tom superiors rather than become part of the organization, the role of a leader who is expected to break the deadlock are also not capable of running role. The importance of entrepreneurial-minded leaders and responsive to public aspirations and the changing environment and be able to bring up the idea of an idea or program-oriented programs to the public interest or in accordance with the wishes of the public, the need for leaders to create a democratic climate in which subordinates are included in every policy-making related to improving organizational performance and to build a two-way communication in every activity will make the subordinate feel themselves to be part of the organization, establish quality standards aspirational service, responsive and flexible, with the consequence of bureaucracy, must comply with service quality on a consistent basis and the importance commitment all authorities to provide best service to the community.

The main problem in this thesis is how the implementation and impact of the MUI fatwa number 14 of 2020 regarding the implementation of worship in the situation of the Covid-19 outbreak in mosques, prayer rooms and the field in 2 Districts, namely Lima Kaum District and Pariangan District in Tanah Datar Regency.The research that the author is doing is field research (Field Research) and with qualitative methods. The research location is in Tanah Datar Regency, especially in 2 sub-districts, namely Lima Kaum Sub-district which is the center of Batusangkar city with a fairly high and diverse population so that it appears that the representation of Tanah Datar Regency (Batusangkar) and Pariangan District which is a sub-district with a position to the area (periphery). city) as well as the sub-district with the most beautiful country in the world so that it becomes a point of visit from various regions so as to allow for a larger crowd. The results showed that 1). The implementation of the MUI Fatwa number 14 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Worship in Situations of the Covid-19 Outbreak in Tanah Datar Regency (District of Lima Kaum and Pariangan) has been well supported. There is a fairly high level of compliance from the Tanah Datar community in general. This compliance can be seen from the support of various parties in the government. However, this compliance was seen in the initial period of the MUI and the government's appeal, which was around April, May, June and July until the beginning of 'Idul Adha in 2020. As time goes by, today many pilgrims do not heed this MUI fatwa anymore. 2). The positive impact of the MUI decision number 14 of 2020 is a) The creation of healthy living habits. b) Presence of better self-preservation habits. c) Bringing change towards caring for self and family. d) Avoiding the various dangers that come. The negative impact of the MUI decision number 14 of 2020 is a) the stretching of brotherly ties among Muslims. b) The mosque and prayer room are empty. c) The house of worship looks a bit dirty and abandoned. d) The utilization of the house of worship is not optimal anymore.