Suchergebnisse

The author of the dissertation "Peculiarities of Legal Regulation of Customs Duties in International Trade between the European Union and the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the Republic of India" investigates the legal regulation of customs duties (tariffs) as the main instrument of regulating the international trade in the EU and the peculiarities of its application towards the third countries of the BRICS region, as the leading international trade partners of the EU. In this context, the author uses thematic analysis method and investigates the emerging practice of the international dispute settlement bodies (WTO), the Court of Justice of the EU and national courts (Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania) in the legal disputes concerning the application of customs duties towards the investigated countries. Based on this analysis, the author identifies the problems of legal regulation of customs duties and other related import taxes arising both at the international/multilateral level, the supranational level as well as at the national level and suggests their solutions, relevant to the EU and its Member States (the Republic of Lithuania). By formulating these proposals, the author takes into account the necessity (which was evidenced by the study data), to eliminate the identified gaps and uncertainties of EU customs law, as well as to ensure the compliance of national practices and legal regulations with the provisions of the EU customs policy.

The author of the dissertation "Peculiarities of Legal Regulation of Customs Duties in International Trade between the European Union and the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the Republic of India" investigates the legal regulation of customs duties (tariffs) as the main instrument of regulating the international trade in the EU and the peculiarities of its application towards the third countries of the BRICS region, as the leading international trade partners of the EU. In this context, the author uses thematic analysis method and investigates the emerging practice of the international dispute settlement bodies (WTO), the Court of Justice of the EU and national courts (Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania) in the legal disputes concerning the application of customs duties towards the investigated countries. Based on this analysis, the author identifies the problems of legal regulation of customs duties and other related import taxes arising both at the international/multilateral level, the supranational level as well as at the national level and suggests their solutions, relevant to the EU and its Member States (the Republic of Lithuania). By formulating these proposals, the author takes into account the necessity (which was evidenced by the study data), to eliminate the identified gaps and uncertainties of EU customs law, as well as to ensure the compliance of national practices and legal regulations with the provisions of the EU customs policy.

In 2015, Vremya Publishing House issued A Flute Solo, a book by V. Shenderovich, a multigenre and, according to the author of the article, intermedial work, since the peculiarities of the content of a political satire and a tragedy, a farce and a fantasy on the one hand and some features of musical pieces, a fugue in particular, on the other hand, have merged there. The author provides a detailed characterization of the plot, constructed as a grotesque depiction of the reality, the composition as relating a verbal text to a piece of music, and the symbolic value of certain elements, allowing not to agree to the definition of the book as being "desperately hopeless".

In 2015, Vremya Publishing House issued A Flute Solo, a book by V. Shenderovich, a multigenre and, according to the author of the article, intermedial work, since the peculiarities of the content of a political satire and a tragedy, a farce and a fantasy on the one hand and some features of musical pieces, a fugue in particular, on the other hand, have merged there. The author provides a detailed characterization of the plot, constructed as a grotesque depiction of the reality, the composition as relating a verbal text to a piece of music, and the symbolic value of certain elements, allowing not to agree to the definition of the book as being "desperately hopeless".

In 2015, Vremya Publishing House issued A Flute Solo, a book by V. Shenderovich, a multigenre and, according to the author of the article, intermedial work, since the peculiarities of the content of a political satire and a tragedy, a farce and a fantasy on the one hand and some features of musical pieces, a fugue in particular, on the other hand, have merged there. The author provides a detailed characterization of the plot, constructed as a grotesque depiction of the reality, the composition as relating a verbal text to a piece of music, and the symbolic value of certain elements, allowing not to agree to the definition of the book as being "desperately hopeless".

In 2015, Vremya Publishing House issued A Flute Solo, a book by V. Shenderovich, a multigenre and, according to the author of the article, intermedial work, since the peculiarities of the content of a political satire and a tragedy, a farce and a fantasy on the one hand and some features of musical pieces, a fugue in particular, on the other hand, have merged there. The author provides a detailed characterization of the plot, constructed as a grotesque depiction of the reality, the composition as relating a verbal text to a piece of music, and the symbolic value of certain elements, allowing not to agree to the definition of the book as being "desperately hopeless".

This paper presents rhetorical aspects of a sixteenth century Lithuanian polemical treatise "Rozmowa polaka z litwinem" ("Pasikalbėjimas lenko su lietuviu"). This anonymous work is often labeled as "humanist". Even though many scholars analyse its contents and emphasize references to the Classical Antiquity, formal aspects and their pragmatic implications remain unevaluated. Scholars have mainly focused on the issue of it authorship and quoted it illustrating cultural and political sixteenth century changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The main aim of this article is to reveal rhetorical tropes and figures employed by the author of the treatise and discuss the possible motivation of their selection. "Rozmowa" responds to, "Quincunx", written in 1564 by a Polish polemist Stanisław Orzechowski (1513–1566). It is a part of a prolonged polemic between the later and Lithuanian Chancellor, Palatine of Vilnius Mikalojus Radvila "The Black". The details and the course of their dispute is reconstructed by Orzechowski himself in the letter to Piotr Miscovius, which also is titled "Apologia pro Quincunce". He refers to the "Rozmowa" without mentioning its title or particular author. Historiography attributes it to the Vilnius mayor (wójt) Augustyn Rotundus (c. 1520–1582). Both Orzechowski and Rotundus studied abroad and had spent some time in Italy. Not only curricula of their studies of artes liberales were influenced by Classical Antiquity, they also undoubtedly got familiar with humanist culture of the contemporary Europe. "Rozmowa" consists of two main parts, which are separated by a verse. The treatise is written in a form of a dialogue, and allows to portray a vivid discussion and multiple points of view. The first part of "Rozmowa" focuses on the questions of the political theory, whereas the second one is dedicated to the history of Lithuania, its dynasty and the issue of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. While the first part is polemical, the second one has epideictic character. The author employs personification, paradiastole and antithesis. The latter two allow changing the normative contents of political concepts, and irony highlights the absurdities in the Polish political practices. The Lithuanian, one of the characters, uses deprecation and interpellation, addresses the absent participants of a dialogue (e. g. Orzechowski himself). The author quotes Ancient authors, Scripture, Church Fathers and contemporary thinkers (e. g. Machiavelli and Erasmus), whose ideas provide him with literary topoi. Merged with the rhetorical techniques, they constitute the political arguments of the treatise and allows the author to express one's political ideas.

This paper presents rhetorical aspects of a sixteenth century Lithuanian polemical treatise "Rozmowa polaka z litwinem" ("Pasikalbėjimas lenko su lietuviu"). This anonymous work is often labeled as "humanist". Even though many scholars analyse its contents and emphasize references to the Classical Antiquity, formal aspects and their pragmatic implications remain unevaluated. Scholars have mainly focused on the issue of it authorship and quoted it illustrating cultural and political sixteenth century changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The main aim of this article is to reveal rhetorical tropes and figures employed by the author of the treatise and discuss the possible motivation of their selection. "Rozmowa" responds to, "Quincunx", written in 1564 by a Polish polemist Stanisław Orzechowski (1513–1566). It is a part of a prolonged polemic between the later and Lithuanian Chancellor, Palatine of Vilnius Mikalojus Radvila "The Black". The details and the course of their dispute is reconstructed by Orzechowski himself in the letter to Piotr Miscovius, which also is titled "Apologia pro Quincunce". He refers to the "Rozmowa" without mentioning its title or particular author. Historiography attributes it to the Vilnius mayor (wójt) Augustyn Rotundus (c. 1520–1582). Both Orzechowski and Rotundus studied abroad and had spent some time in Italy. Not only curricula of their studies of artes liberales were influenced by Classical Antiquity, they also undoubtedly got familiar with humanist culture of the contemporary Europe. "Rozmowa" consists of two main parts, which are separated by a verse. The treatise is written in a form of a dialogue, and allows to portray a vivid discussion and multiple points of view. The first part of "Rozmowa" focuses on the questions of the political theory, whereas the second one is dedicated to the history of Lithuania, its dynasty and the issue of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. While the first part is polemical, the second one has epideictic character. The author employs personification, paradiastole and antithesis. The latter two allow changing the normative contents of political concepts, and irony highlights the absurdities in the Polish political practices. The Lithuanian, one of the characters, uses deprecation and interpellation, addresses the absent participants of a dialogue (e. g. Orzechowski himself). The author quotes Ancient authors, Scripture, Church Fathers and contemporary thinkers (e. g. Machiavelli and Erasmus), whose ideas provide him with literary topoi. Merged with the rhetorical techniques, they constitute the political arguments of the treatise and allows the author to express one's political ideas.

This paper presents rhetorical aspects of a sixteenth century Lithuanian polemical treatise "Rozmowa polaka z litwinem" ("Pasikalbėjimas lenko su lietuviu"). This anonymous work is often labeled as "humanist". Even though many scholars analyse its contents and emphasize references to the Classical Antiquity, formal aspects and their pragmatic implications remain unevaluated. Scholars have mainly focused on the issue of it authorship and quoted it illustrating cultural and political sixteenth century changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The main aim of this article is to reveal rhetorical tropes and figures employed by the author of the treatise and discuss the possible motivation of their selection. "Rozmowa" responds to, "Quincunx", written in 1564 by a Polish polemist Stanisław Orzechowski (1513–1566). It is a part of a prolonged polemic between the later and Lithuanian Chancellor, Palatine of Vilnius Mikalojus Radvila "The Black". The details and the course of their dispute is reconstructed by Orzechowski himself in the letter to Piotr Miscovius, which also is titled "Apologia pro Quincunce". He refers to the "Rozmowa" without mentioning its title or particular author. Historiography attributes it to the Vilnius mayor (wójt) Augustyn Rotundus (c. 1520–1582). Both Orzechowski and Rotundus studied abroad and had spent some time in Italy. Not only curricula of their studies of artes liberales were influenced by Classical Antiquity, they also undoubtedly got familiar with humanist culture of the contemporary Europe. "Rozmowa" consists of two main parts, which are separated by a verse. The treatise is written in a form of a dialogue, and allows to portray a vivid discussion and multiple points of view. The first part of "Rozmowa" focuses on the questions of the political theory, whereas the second one is dedicated to the history of Lithuania, its dynasty and the issue of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. While the first part is polemical, the second one has epideictic character. The author employs personification, paradiastole and antithesis. The latter two allow changing the normative contents of political concepts, and irony highlights the absurdities in the Polish political practices. The Lithuanian, one of the characters, uses deprecation and interpellation, addresses the absent participants of a dialogue (e. g. Orzechowski himself). The author quotes Ancient authors, Scripture, Church Fathers and contemporary thinkers (e. g. Machiavelli and Erasmus), whose ideas provide him with literary topoi. Merged with the rhetorical techniques, they constitute the political arguments of the treatise and allows the author to express one's political ideas.

This paper presents rhetorical aspects of a sixteenth century Lithuanian polemical treatise "Rozmowa polaka z litwinem" ("Pasikalbėjimas lenko su lietuviu"). This anonymous work is often labeled as "humanist". Even though many scholars analyse its contents and emphasize references to the Classical Antiquity, formal aspects and their pragmatic implications remain unevaluated. Scholars have mainly focused on the issue of it authorship and quoted it illustrating cultural and political sixteenth century changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The main aim of this article is to reveal rhetorical tropes and figures employed by the author of the treatise and discuss the possible motivation of their selection. "Rozmowa" responds to, "Quincunx", written in 1564 by a Polish polemist Stanisław Orzechowski (1513–1566). It is a part of a prolonged polemic between the later and Lithuanian Chancellor, Palatine of Vilnius Mikalojus Radvila "The Black". The details and the course of their dispute is reconstructed by Orzechowski himself in the letter to Piotr Miscovius, which also is titled "Apologia pro Quincunce". He refers to the "Rozmowa" without mentioning its title or particular author. Historiography attributes it to the Vilnius mayor (wójt) Augustyn Rotundus (c. 1520–1582). Both Orzechowski and Rotundus studied abroad and had spent some time in Italy. Not only curricula of their studies of artes liberales were influenced by Classical Antiquity, they also undoubtedly got familiar with humanist culture of the contemporary Europe. "Rozmowa" consists of two main parts, which are separated by a verse. The treatise is written in a form of a dialogue, and allows to portray a vivid discussion and multiple points of view. The first part of "Rozmowa" focuses on the questions of the political theory, whereas the second one is dedicated to the history of Lithuania, its dynasty and the issue of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. While the first part is polemical, the second one has epideictic character. The author employs personification, paradiastole and antithesis. The latter two allow changing the normative contents of political concepts, and irony highlights the absurdities in the Polish political practices. The Lithuanian, one of the characters, uses deprecation and interpellation, addresses the absent participants of a dialogue (e. g. Orzechowski himself). The author quotes Ancient authors, Scripture, Church Fathers and contemporary thinkers (e. g. Machiavelli and Erasmus), whose ideas provide him with literary topoi. Merged with the rhetorical techniques, they constitute the political arguments of the treatise and allows the author to express one's political ideas.

The proper balance between the interests of minority and majority shareholders is the condition precedent not only for the smooth functioning of every company, but also for the existence of developed, dynamic and robust securities' markets and attractive environment for investments. The author of this master thesis takes the view that there is a causal link between the economic growth and the protection of investors that is provided for by the respective legal system. It is one of the main reasons why the author chose to carry out the analysis of protection of listed companies' minority shareholders' interests, while identifying and evaluating the state of the art, the problematics of assuring rights of the minority shareholders as well as analyzing potential solutions to solving such problems. The main focus in the first and second part of the thesis is directed towards analysis of main factors driving the company acquisition and takeover activity, as well as towards identifying the main risks with which the minority shareholders are faced during the concerned processes. Moreover, the existence of need for specific protection of minority shareholder interests is also being investigated. The third part of the thesis contains analysis of existing legal regulations directed towards protection of minority shareholders' rights while identifying the main provisions of such legislation and the problematics of their enforcement. The author then provides its own assessment as regards the justification and efficiency of such provisions. The main focus in the fourth parth of the thesis is paid to the analysis of rights and obligations of the companies' management bodies during the takeover or acquisition processes. Moreover, taking into consideration the best practices of other jurisdictions, different approaches and disparities in the respective regulations and the causes behind such differences, the author provides his assessment with respect to the question as to which model concerning the competences of management bodies would be most suitable solely from the perspective of protection of minority shareholders' interests in the Republic of Lithuania.

The proper balance between the interests of minority and majority shareholders is the condition precedent not only for the smooth functioning of every company, but also for the existence of developed, dynamic and robust securities' markets and attractive environment for investments. The author of this master thesis takes the view that there is a causal link between the economic growth and the protection of investors that is provided for by the respective legal system. It is one of the main reasons why the author chose to carry out the analysis of protection of listed companies' minority shareholders' interests, while identifying and evaluating the state of the art, the problematics of assuring rights of the minority shareholders as well as analyzing potential solutions to solving such problems. The main focus in the first and second part of the thesis is directed towards analysis of main factors driving the company acquisition and takeover activity, as well as towards identifying the main risks with which the minority shareholders are faced during the concerned processes. Moreover, the existence of need for specific protection of minority shareholder interests is also being investigated. The third part of the thesis contains analysis of existing legal regulations directed towards protection of minority shareholders' rights while identifying the main provisions of such legislation and the problematics of their enforcement. The author then provides its own assessment as regards the justification and efficiency of such provisions. The main focus in the fourth parth of the thesis is paid to the analysis of rights and obligations of the companies' management bodies during the takeover or acquisition processes. Moreover, taking into consideration the best practices of other jurisdictions, different approaches and disparities in the respective regulations and the causes behind such differences, the author provides his assessment with respect to the question as to which model concerning the competences of management bodies would be most suitable solely from the perspective of protection of minority shareholders' interests in the Republic of Lithuania.

The proper balance between the interests of minority and majority shareholders is the condition precedent not only for the smooth functioning of every company, but also for the existence of developed, dynamic and robust securities' markets and attractive environment for investments. The author of this master thesis takes the view that there is a causal link between the economic growth and the protection of investors that is provided for by the respective legal system. It is one of the main reasons why the author chose to carry out the analysis of protection of listed companies' minority shareholders' interests, while identifying and evaluating the state of the art, the problematics of assuring rights of the minority shareholders as well as analyzing potential solutions to solving such problems. The main focus in the first and second part of the thesis is directed towards analysis of main factors driving the company acquisition and takeover activity, as well as towards identifying the main risks with which the minority shareholders are faced during the concerned processes. Moreover, the existence of need for specific protection of minority shareholder interests is also being investigated. The third part of the thesis contains analysis of existing legal regulations directed towards protection of minority shareholders' rights while identifying the main provisions of such legislation and the problematics of their enforcement. The author then provides its own assessment as regards the justification and efficiency of such provisions. The main focus in the fourth parth of the thesis is paid to the analysis of rights and obligations of the companies' management bodies during the takeover or acquisition processes. Moreover, taking into consideration the best practices of other jurisdictions, different approaches and disparities in the respective regulations and the causes behind such differences, the author provides his assessment with respect to the question as to which model concerning the competences of management bodies would be most suitable solely from the perspective of protection of minority shareholders' interests in the Republic of Lithuania.

The proper balance between the interests of minority and majority shareholders is the condition precedent not only for the smooth functioning of every company, but also for the existence of developed, dynamic and robust securities' markets and attractive environment for investments. The author of this master thesis takes the view that there is a causal link between the economic growth and the protection of investors that is provided for by the respective legal system. It is one of the main reasons why the author chose to carry out the analysis of protection of listed companies' minority shareholders' interests, while identifying and evaluating the state of the art, the problematics of assuring rights of the minority shareholders as well as analyzing potential solutions to solving such problems. The main focus in the first and second part of the thesis is directed towards analysis of main factors driving the company acquisition and takeover activity, as well as towards identifying the main risks with which the minority shareholders are faced during the concerned processes. Moreover, the existence of need for specific protection of minority shareholder interests is also being investigated. The third part of the thesis contains analysis of existing legal regulations directed towards protection of minority shareholders' rights while identifying the main provisions of such legislation and the problematics of their enforcement. The author then provides its own assessment as regards the justification and efficiency of such provisions. The main focus in the fourth parth of the thesis is paid to the analysis of rights and obligations of the companies' management bodies during the takeover or acquisition processes. Moreover, taking into consideration the best practices of other jurisdictions, different approaches and disparities in the respective regulations and the causes behind such differences, the author provides his assessment with respect to the question as to which model concerning the competences of management bodies would be most suitable solely from the perspective of protection of minority shareholders' interests in the Republic of Lithuania.

The article analyses recent trends in permitting and recognizing same-sex marriages and partnerships in Europe. The main purpose of the paper is to carry out a legal analysis and to identify the extent to which recognition of same-sex couples is reˆected in the evolving case law of the ECtHR and the CJEU, as well as national constitutional or supreme courts. The paper is structured into two parts. The first part discusses whether European countries are obliged to introduce same-sex marriages or partnerships in their national law. For this purpose, the author examines the EU Member States' commitments set by the Council of Europe and the EU as stated in law and as interpreted by the ECtHR and the CJEU. Then, the focus is shiqed to the national constitutional jurisprudence (including Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Austrian courts). Interplay between judicial and legislative powers when fostering recognition of family relations of same-sex couples is highlighted. In the second part, a considerable attention is given to the question of legal recognition of same-sex marriages and partnerships concluded abroad. Again, the case law of the ECtHR and the CJEU is scrutinised. Later, the author turns her attention to recent decisions of Romanian and Lithuanian constitutional courts where migration rights (residence rights) of same-sex spouses were at stake. The author notes that both courts have coherently followed the CJEU ruling in Coman case and have both confirrmed (even though modestly) the need for a more extensive recognition of same sex relations beyond mere residence rights.