Suchergebnisse

WOS:000462321800018 ; Measurements of the production of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair are reported. The W+ W- candidates are selected in events with an oppositely charged lepton pair, large missing transverse momentum, and various numbers of jets. To select Higgs bosons produced via vector boson fusion and associated production with a W or Z boson, events with two jets or three or four leptons are also selected. The event sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), collected in pp collisions at root s = 13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC during 2016. Combining all channels, the observed cross section times branching fraction is 1.28(-0.17)(+0.18) times the standard model prediction for the Higgs boson with a mass of 125.09 GeV. This is the first observation of the Higgs boson decay to W boson pairs by the CMS experiment. (c) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; BMWFW (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAEDepartment of Atomic Energy (DAE); DSTDepartment of Science & Technology (India); IPM; SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MOEMinistry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MHESR); UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYTConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI; FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEKMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOSFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programs; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000462321800025 ; A measurement of the elliptic flow (v(2)) of prompt J/psi mesons in high-multiplicity pPbcollisions is reported using data collected by the CMS experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy root s(NN)= 8.16 TeV. Prompt J/psi mesons decaying into two muons are reconstructed in the rapidity region in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass frame (y(cm)), corresponding to either -2.86 < y(cm) < -1.86 or 0.94 < y(cm)< 1.94. The average v(2) result from the two rapidity ranges is reported over the transverse momentum (p(T)) range from 0.2 to 10 GeV. Positive v(2) values are observed for the prompt J/psi meson, as extracted from long-range two-particle correlations with charged hadrons, for 2 < p(T) < 8 GeV. The prompt J/psi results are compared with previous CMS measurements of elliptic flow for open charm mesons (D-0) and strange hadrons. From these measurements, constraints can be obtained on the collective dynamics of charm quarks produced in high-multiplicity events arising from small systems. (c) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MOST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC; CEAFrench Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAEDepartment of Atomic Energy (DAE); DSTDepartment of Science & Technology (India); IPM; SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYTConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSHE; FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI; FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEKMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU; SFFR; NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programmeEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture(FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOSFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N001273/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/N000242/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/M004775/1, ST/L005603/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MoSTR(Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture(FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project no. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

Telling fictional stories and engaging with the fictional stories of others is an important and pervasive part of human culture. But people not only tell and engage with fictional stories. They also reflect on the content of stories, and on the way these are told. Grappling with the many issues such reflection uncovers has long been a concern of professional academics in language departments and other academic programs with a focus on language. Philosophers should be included on this list. The concept of fiction gives rise to a number of intriguing and complex philosophical issues, and the philosophy of fiction has now become an acknowledged part of mainstream philosophy, with a history that goes back at least to the early debates about the role of poets and dramatists found in the works of Aristotle and Plato. The issues in question broadly relate to fiction as a mode of representation—a way of describing individuals and events—that is strikingly different from representation concerned with truth, the latter long a dominant theme in philosophy. Not only is faithfulness to truth in the ordinary sense not a requirement in fiction; fiction may even depart from truth in the things it talks about, which typically include nonexistent individuals and even members of nonexistent kinds (Holmes and hobbits, for example)—see the entry on fictional entities. There are also more indirect reasons for taking fiction seriously as a philosophical topic. The last few decades have seen a surge of interest in interpreting prominent yet (arguably) philosophically problematic areas of enquiry—areas as far apart as mathematics and morality—as involving something akin to fiction, a position known as fictionalism about those areas. On such views, we should not believe the central claims of the area because of their commitment to entities like numbers and objective moral facts; instead we should treat them the way we treat a distinctively fictional claim like "Sherlock Holmes was a brilliant detective": something we know not to be literally true (after all, there never was a Sherlock Holmes) but accept as true in some derivative or at least nonliteral sense (unlike "Holmes was a plodding policeman", say). The continuing rise of fictionalism presents us with a new reason for treating fiction as a significant philosophical topic, since it is a position that is difficult to motivate independently of an understanding of what is distinctive about fiction (Armour-Garb and Woodbridge 2015). (For more on fictionalism and its ties to fiction, see the entry on fictionalism.) One fundamental question raised by the notion of fiction is a conceptual one: What makes something a work of fiction as opposed to a work of non-fiction? A first attempt at saying what fiction is might portray it as a kind of writing whose product is a written text (a work of fiction) that misrepresents how the world actually is, although not in order to deceive intended readers. This opposes it to non-fiction; even if a work of non-fiction misrepresents the world, it is not intended by its author to be recognized as something that misrepresents the world. It doesn't take much to see that this rough characterization is in fact far too rough. A work of fiction needn't be a written text, but could be a picture (or series of pictures) or a representation in some other medium like film. And the characterization lets in too much: a newspaper article attacking some political position by engaging in the relentless use of irony, say, is not a work of fiction but a work of non-fiction that uses irony. The problem of saying how fiction differs from non-fiction is just one of the hard problems faced by the philosophical study of fiction. Another problem is that of specifying the sense in which a fictional sentence can be true despite misdescribing how matters stand in the world. (A sentence like "Sherlock Holmes was a brilliant detective", for example, is not true if it is construed as a claim about brilliant detectives our world has known, but counts as true if it is stated as an answer to a quiz question "Who was Sherlock Holmes?" By contrast, "Sherlock Holmes was a plodding policeman" would count as false in this context.) But in what sense can the sentence be true, given that the world does not contain any such person as Sherlock Holmes? One promising thought is that when we hear the sentence as genuinely true we regard it as elliptical for something like "In the Holmes stories, Sherlock Holmes was a brilliant detective". On this suggestion it is the truth of the latter prefixed sentence that provides the sense in which "Sherlock Holmes was a brilliant detective" counts as true. But even if this is right, what still needs explaining is what it is for such a prefixed sentence to be true. What makes "In the Holmes stories, Sherlock Holmes was a brilliant detective" true (but not "In the Holmes stories, Sherlock Holmes was a plodding policeman"), when there never was such a person as Sherlock Holmes? In addition to the problem of how to understand the notion of truth in a work of fiction, there is also a deep puzzle about the way we respond emotionally to such truths. When we engage with fiction, we often do so at a highly specific emotional level—we may not only be enthralled by elements of the plot but also affected by what befalls particular characters. Thus, we may find ourselves feeling pity for Anna Karenina as we near the end of Tolstoy's novel because we are aware of Anna's suffering. But the claim that we pity Anna Karenina is deeply puzzling: we know there is no Anna Karenina, and that it is only true in Tolstoy's novel that Anna Karenina is suffering, so how can there be genuine pity for Anna? This is the so-called paradox of fiction, one of a batch of puzzles that have been raised in the philosophy of fiction about our engagement with works of fiction. These are by no means the only philosophical questions thrown up by fiction. In fact, the paradox of fiction immediately suggests others. Taken at face value, a statment like "Sherlock Holmes was a brilliant detective" seems at best to be true in a work of fiction rather than true outright. By contrast, a statement like "Many readers pity Anna Karenina" seems to be true outright. (The same goes for other statements relating fictional characters to the real world, for example "Conan Doyle created Holmes", "Frodo doesn't exist", and "Holmes is more famous than any real detective".) This raises the thorny issue of the ontological commitments of talk involving fiction. If it is genuinely true that many readers feel pity for Anna Karenina or that Doyle created Holmes, then presumably there are things—Anna Karenina and Holmes—about whom this is true. But how is the claim that there are such objects consistent with the obvious truth that Holmes and Anna Karenina don't exist? And what could such nonexistent objects be like? We leave detailed commentary on such ontological and metaphysical questions to the entry on fictional entities. The present entry is devoted to the nature of fiction and its "truths", including our emotional engagement with these truths—topics that can be discussed independently of whether one is a realist or an antirealist about fictional entities. Before we begin, it is worth noting that the study of these topics is not the province of philosophers alone. Just what is fiction, for example, is a question that also engages narratologists and historians of fiction (see, e.g., Gallagher 2006, Walsh 2007), although they approach the issue from different academic perspectives, often with somewhat different aims in mind. The present entry focuses mainly on the work of philosophers.

WOS:000466802100019 ; A search for a new high-mass resonance decaying to a tau lepton and a neutrino is reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s= 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The search utilizes hadronically decaying tau leptons. No excess in the event yield is observed at high transverse masses of the tau and missing transverse momentum. An interpretation of results within the sequential standard model excludes W' boson masses below 4.0 TeV at 95% confidence level. Existing limits are also improved on models in which the W' boson decays preferentially to fermions of the third generation. Heavy W' bosons with masses less than 1.7-3.9 TeV, depending on the coupling in the non-universal G(221) model, are excluded at 95% confidence level. These are the most stringent limits on this model to date. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; BMWFW (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MOST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAEDepartment of Atomic Energy (DAE); DSTDepartment of Science & Technology (India); IPM; SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYTConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSHE; FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI; FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAKand TAEK; NASU; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programmeEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOSFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); National Science Centre(Poland)National Science Center, PolandNational Science Centre, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programmes; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/M004775/1, ST/N001273/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/N000242/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP] Funding Source: researchfish ; OWe congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MoSTR(Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAKand TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Centre(Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS: 000488071200025 ; Evidence for the light-by-light scattering process, gamma gamma -> gamma gamma, in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV is reported. The analysis is conducted using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 390 mu b(-1) recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Light-by-light scattering processes are selected in events with two photons exclusively produced, each with transverse energy E-T(gamma) > 2 GeV, pseudorapidity vertical bar eta(gamma)vertical bar 5 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum p(T)(gamma gamma) gamma gamma) = 120 +/- 46(stat) +/- 28(syst) +/- 12(theo) nb, is consistent with the standard model prediction. The m(gamma gamma) distribution is used to set new exclusion limits on the production of pseudoscalar axion-like particles, via the gamma gamma -> a -> gamma gamma process, in the mass range m(a) = 5-90 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MOST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC; CEAFrench Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAEDepartment of Atomic Energy (DAE); DSTDepartment of Science & Technology (India); IPM; SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYTConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSHE; FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI; FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEKMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU; SFFR; NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programmeEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S. - FNRSFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOSFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programmes; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N001273/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/N000242/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MoSTR(Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).r Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S. - FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" -be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Pro-gram UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000488071200027 ; A search for long-lived particles decaying to displaced, nonprompt jets and missing transverse momentum is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016-2018. Candidate signal events containing nonprompt jets are identified using the timing capabilities of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. The results of the search are consistent with the background prediction and are interpreted using a gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking reference model with a gluino next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle. In this model, gluino masses up to 2100, 2500, and 1900 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for proper decay lengths of 0.3, 1, and 100 m, respectively. These are the best limits to date for such massive gluinos with proper decay lengths greater than similar to 0.5 m. (C) 2019 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MOST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, PUT; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland; MEC; CEAFrench Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAEDepartment of Atomic Energy (DAE); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOEMinistry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MHESR); UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV; CONACYTConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE; FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI; FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEKMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 752730, 765710]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOSFWO [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science AMP; Technology CommissionBeijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z181100004218003]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, 129058]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Ministry of Science and Education [3.2989.2017]; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programs; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and Department of Science and Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MoSTR(Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).r Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z181100004218003; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Education, grant no. 3.2989.; 2017 (Russia); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000477924000010 ; A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; BMWFW; FWFAustrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRSFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPqNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPESCAPES; FAPERJCarlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGSFoundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MoST; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland; MEC; CEAFrench Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAEDepartment of Atomic Energy (DAE); DSTDepartment of Science & Technology (India); IPM; SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MOEMinistry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MHESR); UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYTConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RosAtom; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI; FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEKMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programmeEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOSFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programmes; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/K003542/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/N001273/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

A search is presented for excited electrons and muons in ??? final states at the LHC. The search is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb ?1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector in 2016. This is the first search for excited leptons at s = 13 TeV. The observation is consistent with the standard model background prediction, and the most stringent exclusion limits to date are set on the excited lepton mass and the compositeness scale, at 95% confidence level. Excited electrons and muons are excluded for masses below 3.9 and 3.8 TeV, respectively, under the assumption that the excited lepton mass equals the compositeness scale. The best observed limit on the compositeness scale is obtained with an excited lepton mass of around 1.0 TeV, excluding values below 25 TeV for both excited electrons and muons.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2019, The Author(s). ; California Earthquake Authority, CEA Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine, SFFR CS Fund, CSF Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT National Science and Technology Development Agency, ????: Thailand Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, MBIE Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM Missouri University of Science and Technology, MST Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, SEIDI Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBWF Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, MoSTR U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Norwegian Sequencing Centre, NSC Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, TAEK Mountain Equipment Co-operative, MEC Research Promotion Foundation, ???? National Science Foundation, NSF Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF Austrian Science Fund, FWF Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ???? Universiti Malaya, UM Royal Astronomical Society, RAS Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, DST State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM, ROSATOM Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Russian Foundation for Basic Research, ???? Maryland Ornithological Society, MOS College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, CAS CERN European Regional Development Fund, FEDER General Secretariat for Research and Technology, GSRT Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Science Foundation Ireland, SFI Ministry of Education and Science, MES Louisiana Academy of Sciences, LAS Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, IPST National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", NRC KI Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Horizon 2020: 675440 Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, FNP Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, IWT Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT European Commission, EC A.G. Leventis Foundation Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT 30820817 Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO European Research Council, ERC Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture, FRIA Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA: 125105, 124850, 123842, 123959, 124845 Welch Foundation: C-1845 Comisión Asesora de Investigación Científica y Técnica, CAICYT: MDM-2015-0509 Qatar National Research Fund, QNRF Chulalongkorn University, CU Weston Havens Foundation ; Open Access, Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP3. ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COL-CIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science — EOS" — be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendület ("Momentum") Program and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts ; Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

A search for the pair production of heavy fermionic partners of the top quark with charge 5/3 (X 5/3 ) is performed in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data sample analyzed corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb ?1 . The X 5/3 quark is assumed always to decay into a top quark and a W boson. Both the right-handed and left-handed X 5/3 couplings to the W boson are considered. Final states with either a pair of same-sign leptons or a single lepton are studied. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected standard model background. Lower limits at 95% confidence level on the X 5/3 quark mass are set at 1.33 and 1.30 TeV respectively for the case of right-handed and left-handed couplings to W bosons in a combination of the same-sign dilepton and single-lepton final states.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2019, The Author(s). ; California Earthquake Authority, CEA Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine, SFFR CS Fund, CSF Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT National Science and Technology Development Agency, ????: Thailand Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, MBIE Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST Missouri University of Science and Technology, MST Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, SEIDI Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Norwegian Sequencing Centre, NSC Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, TAEK Mountain Equipment Co-operative, MEC Research Promotion Foundation, ???? National Science Foundation, NSF Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF Austrian Science Fund, FWF Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ???? Universiti Malaya, UM Royal Astronomical Society, RAS Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, DST State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM, ROSATOM Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Russian Foundation for Basic Research, ???? College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, CAS European Regional Development Fund, FEDER CERN General Secretariat for Research and Technology, GSRT Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Science Foundation Ireland, SFI Ministry of Education and Science, MES Louisiana Academy of Sciences, LAS Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, IPST Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA European Research Council, ERC Horizon 2020: 675440 European Commission, EC A.G. Leventis Foundation American Friends of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, AFAvH European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Welch Foundation: C-1845 Weston Havens Foundation Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, FNP Comisión Asesora de Investigación Científica y Técnica, CAICYT: MDM-2015-0509 Qatar National Research Fund, QNRF Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, IWT Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO Chulalongkorn University, CU Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT European Commission, EC Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT 30820817 2012/07/E/ST2/01406, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture, FRIA Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA: 125105, 124850, 123842, 123959, 124845 ; Open Access, Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP3. ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COL-CIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Founda- ; tion; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science — EOS" — be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendület ("Momentum") Programme and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

A search is performed for events consistent with the pair production of a new heavy particle that acts as a mediator between a dark sector and normal matter, and that decays to a light quark and a new fermion called a dark quark. The search is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 16.1 fb ?1 from proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. The dark quark is charged only under a new quantum-chromodynamics-like force, and forms an "emerging jet" via a parton shower, containing long-lived dark hadrons that give rise to displaced vertices when decaying to standard model hadrons. The data are consistent with the expectation from standard model processes. Limits are set at 95% confidence level excluding dark pion decay lengths between 5 and 225 mm for dark mediators with masses between 400 and 1250 GeV. Decay lengths smaller than 5 and greater than 225 mm are also excluded in the lower part of this mass range. The dependence of the limit on the dark pion mass is weak for masses between 1 and 10 GeV. This analysis is the first dedicated search for the pair production of a new particle that decays to a jet and an emerging jet.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2019, The Author(s). ; California Earthquake Authority, CEA Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine, SFFR CS Fund, CSF Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT National Science and Technology Development Agency, ????: Thailand Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, MBIE Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM Missouri University of Science and Technology, MST Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, SEIDI Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBWF Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, MoSTR U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Norwegian Sequencing Centre, NSC Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, TAEK Mountain Equipment Co-operative, MEC Research Promotion Foundation, ???? National Science Foundation, NSF Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF Austrian Science Fund, FWF Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ???? Universiti Malaya, UM Royal Astronomical Society, RAS State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM, ROSATOM Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, DST Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Maryland Ornithological Society, MOS Russian Foundation for Basic Research, ???? College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, CAS CERN European Regional Development Fund, FEDER General Secretariat for Research and Technology, GSRT Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Science Foundation Ireland, SFI Ministry of Education and Science, MES Louisiana Academy of Sciences, LAS Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, IPST National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", NRC KI Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Horizon 2020: 675440 Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, FNP Qatar National Research Fund, QNRF Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, IWT Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT European Commission, EC A.G. Leventis Foundation Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT 30820817 2012/07/E/ST2/01406, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 European Research Council, ERC Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture, FRIA Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA: 125105, 124850, 123842, 123959, 124845 Welch Foundation: C-1845 Chulalongkorn University, CU Weston Havens Foundation ; Open Access, Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP3. ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COL-CIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science — EOS" — be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendület ("Momentum") Program and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la ; Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

Funding Information: Researchers were funded by investment from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly [J.T.]; European Research Council (ERC) [grant: SZ-245 50371-GLUCOSEGENES-FP7-IDEAS-ERC to T.M.F., A.R.W.], [ERC Consolidator Grant, ERC-2014-CoG-648916 to V.W.V.J.], [P.R.N.]; University of Bergen, KG Jebsen and Helse Vest [P.R.N.]; Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Awards [A.T.H. (WT098395), M.I.M. (WT098381)]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator Award (NF-SI-0611–10219); Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (Wellcome Trust and Royal Society grant: WT104150) [R.M.F., R.N.B.]; 4-year studentship (Grant Code: WT083431MF) [R.C.R]; the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007– 2013)/ERC Grant Agreement (grant number 669545; Develop Obese) [D.A.L.]; US National Institute of Health (grant: R01 DK10324) [D.A.L, C.L.R]; Wellcome Trust GWAS grant (WT088806) [D.A.L] and NIHR Senior Investigator Award (NF-SI-0611–10196) [D.A.L]; Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Award (WT097835MF) [M.A.T.]; The Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation Non-Clinical Fellowship [J.T.]; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship (APP1104818) [N.M.W.]; Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research [S.F.A.G.]; UK Medical Research Council Unit grants MC_UU_12013_5 [R.C.R, L.P, S.R, C.L.R, D.M.E., D.A.L.] and MC_UU_12013_4 [D.M.E.]; Medical Research Council (grant: MR/M005070/1) [M.N.W., S.E.J.]; Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT130101709) [D.M.E] and (FT110100548) [S.E.M.]; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC); Oak Foundation Fellowship and Novo Nordisk Foundation (12955) [B.F.]; FRQS research scholar and Clinical Scientist Award by the Canadian Diabetes Association and the Maud Menten Award from the Institute of Genetics– Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) [MFH]; CIHR— Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships [C.A.]; FRQS [L.B.]; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw–VIDI 016.136.361) [V.W.V.J.]; National Institute on Aging (R01AG29451) [J.M.M.]; 2010–2011 PRIN funds of the University of Ferrara—Holder: Prof. Guido Barbujani, Supervisor: Prof. Chiara Scapoli—and in part sponsored by the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD) Albert Renold Travel Fellowships for Young Scientists, '5 per mille' contribution assigned to the University of Ferrara, income tax return year 2009 and the ENGAGE Exchange and Mobility Program for ENGAGE training funds, ENGAGE project, grant agreement HEALTH-F4–2007-201413 [L.M.]; ESRC (RES-060–23-0011) [C.L.R.]; National Institute of Health Research ([S.D., M.I.M.], Senior Investigator Award (NF-SI-0611–10196) [D.A.L]); Australian NHMRC Fellowships Scheme (619667) [G.W.M]. For study-specific funding, please see Supplementary Material. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the Charity Open Access Fund (COAF). Funding Information: We are extremely grateful to the participants and families who contributed to all of the studies and the teams of investigators involved in each one. These include interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource (Application numbers 7036 and 12703). For additional study-specific acknowledgements, please see Supplementary Material. Conflict of Interest statement. D.A.L. has received support from Roche Diagnostics and Medtronic for biomarker research unrelated to the work presented here. Funding Researchers were funded by investment from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly [J.T.]; European Research Council (ERC) [grant: SZ-245 50371-GLUCOSEGENES-FP7-IDEAS-ERC to T.M.F., A.R.W.], [ERC Consolidator Grant, ERC-2014-CoG-648916 to V.W.V.J.], [P.R.N.]; University of Bergen, KG Jebsen and Helse Vest [P.R.N.]; Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Awards [A.T.H. (WT098395), M.I.M. (WT098381)]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator Award (NF-SI-0611-10219); Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (Wellcome Trust and Royal Society grant: WT104150) [R.M.F., R.N.B.]; 4-year studentship (Grant Code: WT083431MF) [R.C.R]; the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement (grant number 669545; Develop Obese) [D.A.L.]; US National Institute of Health (grant: R01 DK10324) [D.A.L, C.L.R]; Wellcome Trust GWAS grant (WT088806) [D.A.L] and NIHR Senior Investigator Award (NF-SI-0611-10196) [D.A.L]; Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Award (WT097835MF) [M.A.T.]; The Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation Non-Clinical Fellowship [J.T.]; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship (APP1104818) [N.M.W.]; Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research [S.F.A.G.]; UK Medical Research Council Unit grants MC_UU_12013_5 [R.C.R, L.P, S.R, C.L.R, D.M.E., D.A.L.] and MC_UU_12013_4 [D.M.E.]; Medical Research Council (grant: MR/M005070/1) [M.N.W., S.E.J.]; Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT130101709) [D.M.E] and (FT110100548) [S.E.M.]; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC); Oak Foundation Fellowship and Novo Nordisk Foundation (12955) [B.F.]; FRQS research scholar and Clinical Scientist Award by the Canadian Diabetes Association and the Maud Menten Award from the Institute of Genetics-Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) [MFH]; CIHR-Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships [C.A.]; FRQS [L.B.]; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw-VIDI 016.136.361) [V.W.V.J.]; National Institute on Aging (R01AG29451) [J.M.M.]; 2010-2011 PRIN funds of the University of Ferrara-Holder: Prof. Guido Barbujani, Supervisor: Prof. Chiara Scapoli-and in part sponsored by the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD) Albert Renold Travel Fellowships for Young Scientists, '5 per mille' contribution assigned to the University of Ferrara, income tax return year 2009 and the ENGAGE Exchange and Mobility Program for ENGAGE training funds, ENGAGE project, grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413 [L.M.]; ESRC (RES-060-23-0011) [C.L.R.]; National Institute of Health Research ([S.D., M.I.M.], Senior Investigator Award (NFSI-0611-10196) [D.A.L]); Australian NHMRC Fellowships Scheme (619667) [G.W.M]. For study-specific funding, please see Supplementary Material. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the Charity Open Access Fund (COAF). Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2018. ; Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother-child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P<5 x 10(-8). In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights. ; Peer reviewed

This dissertation discusses the potentials and pitfalls of empirical economic research. Several pieces of applied research illustrate the discipline's diverse use of statistical methods as well as their applicability to different topics. Empirical economic research uses empirical evidence to test hypotheses and statistical inference to uncover general rules. However, very often several rules or causal mechanisms exist that can equally well explain the investigated outcome. This can be problematic whenever statistical inference does not yield convincing results, i.e. the degree of the study's internal validity is low. Although many different statistical tools and techniques have been developed to increase the degree of internal validity, in practice it remains difficult to claim causality. One reason for this is that the quality of statistical inference depends on the appropriateness of the chosen statistical method. Another reason is that causality requires that competing alternative explanations for an estimated statistical relationship are addressed and at best can be dismissed. Thus, an empirical study's overall quality depends critically on an author's judgement and knowledge of the environment in which the outcome is nested. Given the importance of personal perception it is not surprising that the validity of results in many studies in empirical economics is heatedly discussed in- and outside the community. At the beginning of this dissertation the current status of this academic debate is reproduced, leading to the conclusion that there is no panacea for causal inference. Instead, it is proposed that several equally sensible strategies to strengthen causality exist and that their selection depends on the specific research question and setting. While this still allows the author to base decisions on personal perception it also stresses that justifications are required. Hence, each new study demands a tailored research agenda in which the choice of statistical methods and the existence of alternative explanations are transparently discussed. Subsequently to the discussion, three independent papers illustrate that there is indeed no blueprint procedure to conduct empirical economic research. The first paper addresses the question whether individuals react to natural disasters by adjusting their saving behavior. The study applies statistical tools commonly used in applied microeconomic research. The research design uses quasi-experimental variation in a panel survey to infer a causal relationship between flooding and saving behavior. The study finds that from the flooding affected individuals save less in subsequent years. While the study's internal validity is rather high, the generalizability of the relationship remains to be seen. Several alternative explanations for the observed behavior are discussed and evaluated. The concluding explanation is that unusually high amounts of post-disaster financial aid induces moral-hazard-behavior. Thus, the paper makes a case for policy makers to carefully design post-disaster aid payments so as to minimize the possibility of detrimental reductions in individual precautionary efforts. The second paper investigates the link between foreign education and domestic productivity. The paper uses aggregate data, thus encountering statistical challenges commonly occurring in applied macroeconomic research. The research design focuses on the dynamic structure of the data. The paper finds that the more students a country sends to the U.S., the higher subsequent domestic productivity growth rates will be. Additional analyses show that this effect is driven by developing countries. It is argued that the relationship is causal because foreign students transfer productivity enhancing skills from the U.S. to their home country. However, the data does not reveal whether foreign students indeed return and therefore causal inference is weaker than it could be otherwise. Measures to overcome this shortage are presented and applied. Nonetheless, the extent of the data allows for a certain generalizability of the results. In conclusion, the study suggests that foreign education poses a viable additional strategy for economic development. Finally, the third paper addresses a research question from the field of empirical industrial organization. Specifically, the paper tests whether prices for an abatement technology are influenced by the type of environmental regulation of polluting sources. In order to test this relationship, the paper's research design combines a structural economic model with quasi-experimental empirical evidence. The paper finds that the price of abatement technology is significantly higher for those polluting sources that are participating in a permit trading scheme. Causal inference relies on the quasi-experimental nature of the data and the theoretical derivations from the structural model. However, it remains empirically challenging to exclude alternative explanations as doing so considerably strains the scope of our data. In the end, the study's results should caution policy makers to consider that regulatory instruments can have unintended side-effects hampering the diffusion and adoption of abatement technology by increasing its price. The final section discusses the role of empirical research in the overall process of scientific progress. The importance of diverse and comprehensive empirical economic research is emphasized. Finally, it is concluded that empirical research with all its outgrowth is essential to establish something like an objective truth'' in economic science. ; Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung. Anhand mehrerer Forschungsarbeiten verdeutlicht sie die Anwendbarkeit statistischer Verfahren auf verschiedene Fragestellungen aus den Wirtschaftswissenschaften. In der empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung werden Beobachtungen statistisch ausgewertet, um Hypothesen zu testen und allgemeine Regeln aufzudecken. Die Herleitung eines kausalen Zusammenhangs zwischen zwei Ereignissen gilt dabei als ein wichtiges Ziel. In der Praxis erweisen sich kausale Schlussfolgerungen allerdings als überaus schwierig. Ein Grund hierfür ist, dass der Gegenstand empirischer Wirtschaftsforschung - unsere Gesellschaft - ein komplexes und dynamisches System ist. Eine allgemeingütige Blaupause, mithilfe welcher sich kausale Zusammenhänge belegen lassen, lässt sich daher kaum entwickeln. Vielmehr hängt die Herleitung eines kausalen Zusammenhangs von den konkreten Faktoren des Einzelfalls ab. Solche Faktoren sind die Forschungsfrage, die Qualität der Daten und das Umfeld, in welchem diese erhoben wurden. Sie bestimmen anschließend das Forschungsdesign und die Auswahl eines geeigneten statistischen Verfahrens. Eine empirische Studie ist somit in vielerlei Hinsichten einzigartig. – Daher ist es auch nicht verwunderlich, dass Kausalitätsbehauptungen in Bezug auf empirische Ergebnisse in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften häufig kontrovers diskutiert werden. Zu Beginn dieser Dissertation wird eine aktuelle Diskussion zur Herleitung von Kausalität in der empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung wiedergegeben. Aus dieser Diskussion geht hervor, dass es momentan kein Allheilmittel für kausale Inferenz gibt, sondern stattdessen mehrere gleichermaßen sinnvolle Strategien für die Herleitung von Kausalität existieren. An die Wiedergabe und Auswertung der Diskussion schließt sich die Darstellung dreier unabhängiger empirischer Studien an. Jede dieser Studien befasst sich mit einem anderen Themengebiet der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, wobei Forschungsdesign, Auswahl der empirischen Methoden und die Art der kausalen Herleitung variieren. Die drei Studien illustrieren somit mehrere Punkte, die sich aus der Diskussion in der Einleitung ergeben haben. Der erste empirische Beitrag in dieser Dissertation geht der Frage nach, ob Opfer von Naturkatastrophen im Anschluss an ihre Erlebnisse ihr Sparverhalten verändern. In der Studie werden statistische Methoden verwendet, die üblicherweise in der angewandten mikroökonomischen Forschung verwendet werden. Das Forschungsdesign nutzt die durch eine Flut generiete quasi-experimentelle Variation in einer Panelbefragung aus, um einen Kausalzusammenhang zwischen Betroffenheit und Sparverhalten abzuleiten. Die Studie zeigt, dass von den Überschwemmungen Betroffene in den Folgejahren weniger sparen. Während der Grad der kausalen Schlussfolgerung hoch ist, bleibt es abzuwarten, ob sich der Zusammenhang auf andere Situationen übertragen lässt. Es werden mehrere Gründe für das beobachtete Verhalten diskutiert und gegeneinander abgewogen. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass ungewöhnlich hohe Hilfszahlungen zu einem sogenannten Moral Hazard-Verhalten'', also einem verantwortungslosen Verhalten aufgrund von Fehlanreizen, führen können. In dem untersuchten Fall haben die Hilfszahlungen zu einer Verringerung im Vorsorgeverhalten bei Betroffenen geführt. Die Studie plädiert daher dafür, dass politische Entscheidungsträger etwaige Hilfszahlungen nach einer Katastrophe sorgfältig planen, um einen nachteiligen Einfluss auf individuelle Vorsorgemaßnahmen zu vermeiden. In der zweiten Arbeit wird die Verbindung zwischen einem Studium im Ausland und heimischer Produktivität untersucht. Das Papier verwendet dafür aggregierte Daten und befasst sich aus ökonometrischer Sicht mit bestimmten statistischen Herausforderungen, die häufig in der angewandten makroökonomischen Forschung auftreten. Das Forschungsdesign fokussiert sich auf die dynamische Struktur der Daten, um einen kausale Herleitung zu ermöglichen. Gezeigt wird, dass die Anzahl von Studenten, die ein Land in die USA schickt, sich positiv auf die Produktivitätszuwächse dieses Landes in den Folgejahren auswirkt. Des Weiteren kann gezeigt werden, dass dieser positive Zusammenhang nur für Entwicklungsländer gilt. Dies erscheint plausibel, da insbesondere die Bevölkerung aus Entwicklungsländern durch den Transfer produktivitätssteigernder Fähigkeiten aus den USA in ihr Heimatland profitieren sollte. Die Ergebnisse deuten daher an, dass es tatsächlich einen positiven Kausalzusammenhang zwischen Auslandsstudium und heimischer Produktivität gibt. Da die Daten jedoch nicht darüber informieren, ob ausländische Studenten wirklich zurückkehren, ist die kausale Inferenz schwächer, als sie es sonst sein könnte. Hingegen erlaubt der Umfang der Daten eine gewisse Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass die Förderung eines Auslandsstudiums eine sinnvolle zusätzliche Strategie für eine erfolgreiche internationale Entwicklungszusammenarbeit darstellen kann. Das dritte und letzte Papier befasst sich mit einer Forschungsfrage, die dem Bereich der empirischen Industrieökonomik zugeordnet werden kann. Darin wird untersucht, ob die Regulierung von Schwefeldioxidemissionen von Kohlekraftwerken die Preissetzungsstrategie von Herstellern einer geeigneten Vermeidungstechnologie beeinflusst. Um diese Beziehung zu testen, nutzt die Studie ein Forschungsdesign, das auf einem Strukturmodell und Daten mit quasi-experimenteller Variation basiert. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Preise für die Vermeidungstechnologie höher sind, wenn ein Kohlekraftwerk an einem Emissionshandelssystem teilnehmen muss. Diese Entwicklung ist kontraproduktiv, da es den Anreizen eines Emissionshandelssystems, die Verbreitung von Vermeidungstechnologien zu fördern, entgegen wirkt. Die Herleitung eines kausalen Zusammenhangs beruht auf dem quasi-experimentellen Charakter der Daten sowie einem theoretischen Modell, welches den empirischen Befund ebenfalls vorhersagt. Die wichtigsten alternativen Erklärungen für das Ergebnis können ausgeschlossen werden. Einschränkend wirkt hierbei jedoch der Umfang der Daten. Dieser lässt eine rigorose Untersuchung alternativer Erklärungen nur begrenzt zu und schwächt somit den kausalen Zusammenhang etwas ab. Am Ende unterstreichen die Ergebnisse der Studie allerdings, dass politische Entscheidungsträger bei der Ausgestaltung regulatorischer Instrumente umfassend auf unbeabsichtigte Nebenwirkungen achten sollten. Im letzten Abschnitt der Dissertation wird die Rolle empirischer Forschung im Gesamtprozess des wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts diskutiert. Dabei wird die Bedeutung einer umfangreichen und vielfältigen empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung hervorgehoben. Abschließend wird festgestellt, dass die empirische Forschung mit all ihren Ergebnissen und Methoden notwendig ist, um eine objektive Wahrheit'' in der Wirtschaftswissenschaft zu generieren.

The Arctic is experiencing rapidly warming conditions, increasing predator abundance, and diminishing population cycles of keystone species such as lemmings. However, it is still not known how many Arctic animals will respond to a changing climate with altered trophic interactions. We studied clutch size, incubation duration and nest survival of 17 taxa of Arctic-breeding shorebirds at 16 field sites over 7years. We predicted that physiological benefits of higher temperatures and earlier snowmelt would increase reproductive effort and nest survival, and we expected increasing predator abundance and decreasing abundance of alternative prey (arvicoline rodents) to have a negative effect on reproduction. Although we observed wide ranges of conditions during our study, we found no effects of covariates on reproductive traits in 12 of 17 taxa. In the remaining taxa, most relationships agreed with our predictions. Earlier snowmelt increased the probability of laying a full clutch from 0.61 to 0.91 for Western Sandpipers, and shortened incubation by 1.42days for arcticola Dunlin and 0.77days for Red Phalaropes. Higher temperatures increased the probability of a full clutch from 0.60 to 0.93 for Western Sandpipers and from 0.76 to 0.97 for Red-necked Phalaropes, and increased daily nest survival rates from 0.9634 to 0.9890 for Semipalmated Sandpipers and 0.9546 to 0.9880 for Western Sandpipers. Higher abundance of predators (foxes) reduced daily nest survival rates only in Western Sandpipers (0.9821-0.9031). In contrast to our predictions, the probability of a full clutch was lowest (0.83) for Semipalmated Sandpipers at moderate abundance of alternative prey, rather than low abundance (0.90). Our findings suggest that in the short-term, climate warming may have neutral or positive effects on the nesting cycle of most Arctic-breeding shorebirds. ; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2010-0061-015, 2011-0032-014, 0801.12.032731, 0801.13.041129]; Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act [F11AP01040, F12AP00734, F13APO535, 4073]; Arctic Goose Joint Venture; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc.; Bureau of Land Management; Canada Fund for InnovationCanada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research ChairsCanada Research Chairs; Cape Krusenstern National Monument grant; Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser University; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Cornell University Graduate School Mellon Grant; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; FQRNT (Quebec)FQRNT; Government of Nunavut; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Kansas State University; Kresge Foundation; Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation; Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; Mississippi Flyway Council; Murie Science and Learning Center grants; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Park Service; National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs Grant) [ARC-1023396]; National Science Foundation (Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant)National Science Foundation (NSF) [1110444]; Natural Resources Canada (Polar Continental Shelf Program); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Studies Training Program; Selawik National Wildlife Refuge; Trust for Mutual Understanding; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Colorado Denver; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Moncton; US Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Survey, Monitoring and Assessment Program); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Alaska National Wildlife Refuge System's Challenge Cost Share Program); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Avian Influenza Health and Influenza programmes); US Geological Survey (USGS) (Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative, Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Alaska Department of Fish and Game ; E.L.W compiled the field data, designed and performed the statistical analyses and wrote the manuscript. B.K.S. assisted with design of analyses and preparation of the manuscript. R.B.L., S.C.B. and H.R.G. led development of standardized field protocols and coordinated field work. B.K.S., R.B.L., S.C.B., H.R.G. and all other authors, who are listed in alphabetical order, designed and conducted the field studies, contributed to interpreting the results and assisted with editing the manuscript. Major support for the ASDN was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grants 2010-0061-015, 2011-0032-014, 0801.12.032731 and 0801.13.041129), the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act (grants F11AP01040, F12AP00734 and F13APO535) and the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Additional funding for participating field sites was provided by: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Arctic Goose Joint Venture, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., Bureau of Land Management, Canada Fund for Innovation, Canada Research Chairs, Cape Krusenstern National Monument grant, Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser University, Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Cornell University Graduate School Mellon Grant, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, FQRNT (Quebec), Government of Nunavut, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Kansas State University, Kresge Foundation, Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Mississippi Flyway Council, Murie Science and Learning Center grants, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Park Service, National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs Grant ARC-1023396 and Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant 1110444), Natural Resources Canada (Polar Continental Shelf Program), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant and Northern Supplement), Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act (grant 4073), Northern Studies Training Program, Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Trust for Mutual Understanding, Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Colorado Denver, University of Missouri Columbia, University of Moncton, US Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Survey, Monitoring and Assessment Program, Alaska National Wildlife Refuge System's Challenge Cost Share Program and Avian Influenza Health and Influenza programmes), US Geological Survey (USGS) (Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative, Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area), and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. Logistical support was provided by Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Barrow Arctic Science Consortium, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., Kinross Gold Corporation, Umiaq LLC, Selawik National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS), ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., Cape Krusenstern National Monument (National Park Service) and Sirmilik National Park (Parks Canada). We thank local communities and landowners, including the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation, the people of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Sitnasuak Native Corporation, the Kuukpik Corporation and the North Slope Borough for permitting us to conduct research on their lands.; Animal handling, marking and monitoring procedures were approved by Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Nunavut, Kansas State University, National Park Service, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Moncton, US Fish & Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey. All applicable international, national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. We thank A. Tygart for assistance in compiling JAGS for use on the Beocat supercomputer at Kansas State University, D. Payer and S. Freeman for their work at Canning River, and H. Meltofte, P. Battley, B. Ross, J. Sutton, L. Martin and the Sandercock lab for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We thank the many field assistants who were involved in data collection, especially field crew leaders K. Bennet, M. Burrell, J. Cunningham, E. D'Astous, S. Carvey, A. Doll, L. Pirie Dominix, K. Gold, A. Gottesman, K. Grond, P. Herzog, B. Hill, D. Hodgkinson, A. J. Johnson, D. Pavlik, M. Peck, L. Pollock, S. Sapora, B. Schwarz, F. Smith, H. M. Specht, M. VanderHeyden, B. M. Walker and B. Wilkinson. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

A search for heavy resonances, decaying into the standard model vector bosons and the standard model Higgs boson, is presented. The final states considered contain a b quark-antiquark pair from the decay of the Higgs boson, along with electrons and muons and missing transverse momentum, due to undetected neutrinos, from the decay of the vector bosons. The mass spectra are used to search for a localized excess consistent with a resonant particle. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb?1 collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data are found to be consistent with background expectations. Exclusion limits are set in the context of spin-0 two Higgs doublet models, some of which include the presence of dark matter. In the spin-1 heavy vector triplet framework, mass-degenerate W? and Z? resonances with dominant couplings to the standard model gauge bosons are excluded below a mass of 2.9 TeV at 95% confidence level.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2018, The Author(s). ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Austrian Science Fund, FWF Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, CAS Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ CS Fund, CSF Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS European Regional Development Fund, FEDER CERN National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Mountain Equipment Co-operative, MEC Ministry of Education and Science, MES Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST Research Promotion Foundation, ???? Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine, SFFR Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, MBIE National Science and Technology Development Agency, ????: Thailand Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM Missouri University of Science and Technology, MST Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, SEIDI National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Norwegian Sequencing Centre, NSC Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, TAEK National Science Foundation, NSF Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ???? Universiti Malaya, UM Royal Astronomical Society, RAS State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM, ROSATOM Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, DST Russian Foundation for Basic Research, ???? General Secretariat for Research and Technology, GSRT Science Foundation Ireland, SFI Louisiana Academy of Sciences, LAS Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, IPST Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Welch Foundation: C-1845 Weston Havens Foundation Horizon 2020: 675440 Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, FNP Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Comisión Asesora de Investigación Científica y Técnica, CAICYT: MDM-2015-0509 Qatar National Research Fund, QNRF Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, IWT Chulalongkorn University, CU Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT European Commission, EC A.G. Leventis Foundation Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy, MŠMT 30820817 2012/07/E/ST2/01406, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO European Research Council, ERC Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture, FRIA Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA: 125105, 124850, 123842, 123959, 124845 ; Open Access, Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP3. ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COL-CIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); ; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendület ("Momentum") Program and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Industrial ; El crecimiento de la población mundial [1] supone un incremento de la demanda de producción de energía. La Agencia Internacional de la Energía (IEA) prevé que la demanda mundial de electricidad aumentará un 70% hasta 2040 [2]. El aumento de la demanda se yuxtapone a una desaforada explotación de los escasos recursos fósiles, origen de la producción de las energías tradicionales. Estas dos condiciones tienen consecuencias humanas y medio ambientales - destrucción de ecosistemas, calentamiento del planeta, hambrunas, dependencia energética de países productores de petróleo etc. Las energías renovables son fuentes de energía limpias, inagotables y crecientemente competitivas. Representan cerca de la mitad de la nueva capacidad de generación eléctrica instalada en 2014 según la IEA [2]. Por añadidura, el coste de su generación evoluciona a la baja, contrariamente a los costes de los combustibles fósiles. Dentro de las fuentes de energías renovables, los océanos – constituyendo el 71% de la superficie terrestre [3] - tienen un inmenso potencial de generación de tres tipos de energías: mareomotriz, undimotriz y eólica offshore. Sin embargo, la recuperación de estas energías conlleva nuevos desafíos tecnológicos: mantenimiento de turbinas en condiciones de elevada humedad, problemas de corrosión o instalación de cableado submarino. Por ende, los costes de instalación y mantenimiento de estos equipos son importantes. Este proyecto nace en el seno de una intuición industrial, que se ha querido estudiar y validar cualitativamente. En la actualidad, existen iniciativas industriales, que investigan el potencial de reducción de costes de una instalación conjunta offshore. Es el caso de CENIT-E OCEAN LIDER de Iberdrola [4], cuyo objetivo es crear conocimiento sobre tecnologías rupturistas, para el aprovechamiento eficiente e integral de las energías oceánicas, a través de la creación de sistemas híbridos como energía de las corrientes/eólica o undimotriz/eólica. En esta línea, este proyecto propone el diseño un parque de recuperación de energía del mar en Normandía, para el aprovechamiento conjunto de la energía eólica offshore y de la energía mareomotriz. La proyección de dicho parque se justifica bajo la hipótesis de una reducción de costes, debido a la posibilidad de mutualizar elementos de ambas tecnologías en un mismo parque. Además, la tentativa de proponer un parque de recuperación de energía mareomotriz y eólica offshore en Raz Blanchard (Normandía), responde al gran potencial energético de estas dos energías en el Canal de la Mancha [5] y a la voluntad política de desarrollar ambas tecnologías en la zona [6,7]. La energía eólica –dado el fuerte apoyo económico recibido por parte de las autoridades políticas desde los años 80- es una tecnología madura, barata y de fuerte rendimiento. La variabilidad del viento, fuera del control del humano, permanece su gran desventaja. Al contrario, la energía de las corrientes marinas sigue a estado de prueba, con la construcción, actualmente, de los primeros parques mareomotores. La apuesta de los industriales y de las autoridades por este nuevo tipo de energía renovable augura grandes posibilidades de desarrollo. Efectivamente, la previsibilidad de las corrientes marinas representa su gran ventaja. La complementariedad de estas dos energías es indudable. Los costes de estas instalaciones, tanto eólicas como mareomotrices, siguen representando una gran inversión. Las reparticiones de costes de estas energías difieren. Sin embargo, una gran parte se puede atribuir a la construcción del parque (fundaciones, sistema eléctrico, cableado…) y a su mantenimiento. Las posibilidades de mutualización de estos son los motores de este proyecto. El riesgo rupturista de este proyecto puede quedar en parte minimizado, si como esperan el autor del mismo y la industria, las autoridades de diferentes gobiernos mantienen y/o aumentan el apoyo reciente a este tipo de instalaciones. Así pues, en consecuencia, proyectos como este son necesarios para anticipar el cambio de políticas energéticas, apoyando el desarrollo de energías renovables con mayor carácter de predictibilidad que las actuales. En resumen, este proyecto trata de maximizar la recuperación una energía madura pero fluctuante, como la eólica, con una energía todavía innovadora, pero predictible, como la mareomotriz. En un parque offshore conjunto, la rentabilidad económica de la energía eólica supone, para los inversores privados, una renta segura, mientras que, para la energía mareomotriz, un gran impulso a su desarrollo. ; The growth of the world's population [1] involves an increase in the energy production demand. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts a risen of 70% of the global demand for electricity until 2040 [2]. The increase of the demand juxtaposes itself to an unbridled utilisation of scarce fossil resources, traditional source of energy production. These two conditions have human and environmental consequences – ecosystem destructions, global warming, famines, energy dependency on fuel producer countries etc. Renewable energies are a clean, endless and growingly competitive source of energy. They represent almost half of the new electric generation capacity installed in 2014, according to the IEA [2]. In addition to this, the cost of its generation evolves downwards, contrary to the cost of fossil fuels. Among renewable energies, oceans – constituent 71% of the earth's surface [3] – have an immense generation potential of three types of energy : tidal, wave and wind offshore. However, the recuperation of this energy implies new technological challenges: turbine maintenance in high humidity conditions, corrosion problems or installation of underwater cables. For that matter, the installation costs and maintenance of these equipment are significant. This project was born under the wing of an industrial intuition, to be studied and validated qualitatively. Currently, there are industrial initiatives that explore the potential cost reductions of a joint offshore installation. It is the case of CENIT-E OCEAN LIDER by Iberdrola [4], whose objective is to create expertise of rupturist technologies, for the efficient and integral use of the oceanic energies, through the creation of hybrid systems such as tidal current/eolic or wave/eolic. In this regard, this project suggests the design of an ocean energy recuperation park in Normandy, for the joint use of offshore wind energy and tidal energy. The forecast of this park justifies itself under the assumption of a cost reduction, due to the possibility of element mutualizing, between both technologies, in one park. Moreover, the attempt of proposing an offshore energy recuperation park for wind and tidal energy in Raz Blanchard (Normandy) responds to a huge energy potential of these two energies in the English Channel [5], and to the political will of developing both technologies in the area [6,7]. Wind energy – provided the strong economic support received from the political authorities since the 80's- represents a mature, affordable and high-performance technology. The wind's variability, out of human control, remains its major disadvantage. On the contrary, tidal current energy is still on a testing stage, with the construction currently, of the first tidal current energy parks. The bet of industrials and authorities on this new type of renewable energy promises strong possibilities of growth. Indeed, the predictability of tidal current represents its key benefit. The complementarity of these two energies is undeniable. The cost of these installations, wind as well as tidal current, still constitutes a significant investment. The cost sharing of these energies differs. However, a substantial part is assigned to the construction of the park (foundations, electric system, cabling…) and to its maintenance. The possibilities of mutualisation of these are the driving force of this project. The rupturist risk of this project can be partly minimized, if as expected by the author and the industry, the authorities of different governments keep and/or increase their recent support to this type of facilities. Therefore, projects, such as this one, are necessary to anticipate the changes in the energy policies, promoting the development of renewable energies, with higher predictability than the existing ones. In fine, this project aims to maximise the recuperation of a mature, but fluctuating energy, such as the offshore wind, with an innovative, but predictable energy, such as the tidal current. In an offshore joint park, the economic profitability of wind energy supposes, for private investors, a safe income, whereas, for tidal current energy, a major boost to its development.