Suchergebnisse

L'article du professeur Zielinski ouvre le débat sur « les réformes du système » que notre Revue entreprend en commun avec Soviet Studies. L'auteur pose les trois questions fondamentales : 1. Quelles réformes globales sont nécessaires pour rendre possible le passage au nouveau mécanisme économique ? 2. Comment élaborer un projet de réforme cohérent et efficace ? et 3. Comment appliquer le nouveau mécanisme économique ?
L'auteur accorde une attention particulière aux conditions économiques, sociales et politiques nécessaires pour une application efficiente du projet de réforme. L'article se conclut par l'analyse des leçons que l'on peut tirer des 20 ans d'expérience de réforme du système en Europe de l'Est et par quelques remarques polémiques en faveur des « réformes 'technocratiques7 ».
L'étude va au-delà des problèmes purement économiques et soulève des questions d'ordre social et politique telles que l'importance de l'unité du parti pour les réformes ou la stratégie que les réformateurs devraient adopter face aux administrateurs du système. Le texte du professeur Zielinski paraîtra en anglais dans le n° 1, 1978 de Soviet Studies.

This paper reconsiders the complex and somewhat ambivalent relationships between the cinematographic image and the globalized world as it is characterized by flows (of images, among other flows). For this purpose, the paper examines different aesthetic forms that contemporary cinema gives to the image-flow – taking into account the editing as well as the framing resources –, based on a multiple corpus of both blockbusters and author films. The analysis aims at bringing out the poetic and affective effects of these representations of the flow. In particular, the paper suggests that contemporary cinema offers a new tragic vision of the flow, which it links to the melancholic or depressive affect.

Between 1938 and 1942, border-crossing Norwegian-Canadian author Martha Ostenso published three short stories in Chatelaine magazine, stories that engage in complex ways with themes of femininity, nationalism, and consumerism. In this article, we consider how the context of Chatelaine shapes and complicates readings of these stories by placing the stories in conversation with surrounding material, including advertisements and editorial content. The fiction, we argue, unsettles romantic tropes and nationalist rhetoric, and contests the correlation between the attainment of happiness and the acceptance of class and gender norms. In examining authorial identity, textual complexity, and print cultural contexts, we show how middlebrow magazines are a vibrant means of understanding middle-class culture's anxieties and aspirations.

The couple is one of the most significant categories of the way that mentalities, social behavior, patterns or practices of everyday life are being redefined in the post-communist period in Romania. Starting from a brief presentation of the state of knowledge about the couple in the Romanian secondary literature, the article focuses on a double deconstruction. First, the author shows that, nowadays, the couple is a discursive category, especially visible through the demographic, legal and also political discourse. Then, life couple is an object of study in the field of political sciences that can provide insights into the overall functioning of the social and political life in the present period of transition.

In the young Turkish Republic which has rather adopted the French system of laicism as a model instead of the English secularism it is now necessary to evaluate the evolution of each of these systems. At the time of the centenary of the French laicism and the law of 2004, covering the ostentatious display of religious symbols at schools, the author looks into the history of laicism and its application in France so as to make it more understandable but also to criticise the system. He further analyses whether this system can be adapted to the Turkish Republic which is preparing to become a Member of the European Union.

Pascal Hintermeyer
Risk cultures
By the term "risk cultures", the author means, firstly, all the representations and attitudes which enable us to understand the uncertainties in our relationship with the world, and secondly, the means of cultivating risk so as to gain profi t from it. Indeed, this does not off er negative aspects alone. Entertainment or intensifi cation of existence can be procured by this behaviour, and it can be a source of prestige and legitimacy. It is therefore deemed as being precious in various social environments and age categories, for example in political life or during one's youth. By taking extreme experiences into account, the analysis underlines various meanings in risk cultures today.

Pierre Salama - How do we explain the failure to attain high levels of sustained growth in Latin America ?
Latin American economies have been showing modest annual growth along with high volatility since the 1990s — less so than in the 1980s but more so than in Asia. This article examines the clear and growing levels of inequality, the pernicious effects of finances, the withdrawal of the State and the lack of a genuine industrial policy. Using the work of CEPAL in the 1960s, the contribution of Kaleckian economists, and the introduction of financialization, the author offers a new way of understanding the trend towards stagnation experienced by Latin American economies over the past fifteen years.

One of the aspects characterizing the state of International Relations at the moment is the increasing emphasis on political economy. This is the approach of the present paper. It is more in the form of succinct propositions than detailed analysis, since the latter is available in the author' s previous writings. Specifically, the paper concentrates on five aspects: the nature of the world economy, its mode of functioning, its basic tendencies, the crisis of the global system, and future prospects of evolution the paper emphasizes both the interconnectedness of the different levels of analysis (from the family to the world system) as well as the importance of a diachronic and macro-structural approach.

The author distinguishes three periods in the analysis of growth of american agriculture for the last hundred years: 1860-1900, expansion based on the conquest of new lands; recession during the twenties and the thirties; since the fourties, new expansion by developping the agro-industrial complex on the basis of soya bean and new highly productive breeding technics. The export of this new model open enlarged solvent markets in and outside the country for american feedgrains and oleaginous. However, just as the USA now attempt to use food as a weapon, american agriculture is confronted with new conditions by intensification of production (increasing costs), saturation of external markets and emergence of new competitors.

Despite Us increasing weight in the global System, the international repercussions of Saudi petro-power are very under-researched. This study starts with a critical evaluation of the literature on the underdeveloped study of underdeveloped countries. The author then elaborates his research framework, defines and operationalizes his main concepts, and explicits two main hypotheses concerning the international status and the political role of Saudi Arabia. The study proceeds then to empirical verification. Eight tables, data analysis of recent Saudi international initiatives, and some interviews with Saudi and U.S. policy makers support the author's thesis : Saudi political elite works actively to maintain the basic structures of the contemporary global System.

Janette Habel — Cuba. The challenges of the new « model »
The article presents the reforms measures adopted in Cuba to deal first with the crisis of the early 1990s and then with the economic difficulties of the recent years. The new economic strategy has modified earlier social relations and created an inegalitarian situation that is without precedent since 1959. The author tackles the debate which has divided Cubans, concerning the viability of the present opening up to the market and its compatibility with the continuity of the political system. It is in this perspective that some Cuban researchers are exploring different possible paths that the post-Castro period might follow.

Anatilde Idoyaga Molina — The representation of the Holy Spirit among the Pilaga of central Chaco
The Pilaga are among the indigenous populations of the Chaco in Argentina. Their cosmogony brings into play a great diversity of spiritual entities that sustain relationships of dependency and/or conflict among themselves and with humans. Far from implying a conversion to Western values, the introduction of a Pentecostal movement in the 1940s brought about the appropriation of the figure of the Holy Spirit and its fusing into a symbolical universe crisscrossed by ancestral and foreign dimensions. In particular, the author shows how some chamans also resort to « conversion » as a way of affirming a new power.

Marion Aubrée — The «force of the Holy Spirit » in the service of globalization
The numerical explosion of the Pentecostal current in Latin America has brought about reformulations inducing behavior related to the national and cultural fabric of its insertion. Brazil in this respect is particularly revealing of creativity given its numerous denominations tuned to new globalization determinants. Among these, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God has followed a remarkable path leading to Europe, among other places, whereby it is actively involved in proselytizing and addressing mainly African and Caribbean immigrants. The analysis studies the ritual adaptations of what the author terms as a « Neo-Pentecostalism » to the original cultures of the

Elio Masferrer Kan — From the salvation of the people of God to the salvation of Mexico : The political participation of the Evangelists
The text draws a panorama of the role played by Mexican « Evangelists » in national politics during the last century. Though a minority, their growing numbers have transformed them into an inevitable group. The author analyses the dynamics of their behavior in relation to political phenomena, to elections and to the diversity of attitudes they have adopted in front of the last two governments (Salinas de Gortari and Fox). The analysis further concerns the instability in the Chiapas, where the increase of converts in Indian communities has lead to an explosive social situation.

Pierre Raymond — Towards a new orientation for Cuban agriculture ?
The typical character of pre-revolutionary Cuba was the agricultural worker, and not the peasant. The latter proved unable to affirm himself as the connoisseur of the milieu that he happens to be elsewhere. After 1959, the gigantism of State farms was preferred to the detriment of locally rooted peasant agriculture. This has not helped the country to free itself from external food dependency. An overview of the crisis of the 90s thus led to the transformation of State-farms into cooperatives, but the evolution toward veritable peasant agriculture, as wished by the author, still remains limited and incomplete.