Suchergebnisse

Paper touch upon the problems of criminal policy in Lithuania after 1990. The author concentrates on two aspects of the problem: legislative criminal policy and practical criminal policy. 79 The author investigates the changes in present Penal code of Lithuania and their impact on the practical application of the laws by courts and other criminal justice institutions. The author describes the direction of major alterations of the laws and practical consequences of these changes. The author provides statistical material concerning application of penalties and other forms of sanctions. These data are being compared with the data in other European countries. The author makes conclusions concerning further development of criminal policy.

Paper touch upon the problems of criminal policy in Lithuania after 1990. The author concentrates on two aspects of the problem: legislative criminal policy and practical criminal policy. 79 The author investigates the changes in present Penal code of Lithuania and their impact on the practical application of the laws by courts and other criminal justice institutions. The author describes the direction of major alterations of the laws and practical consequences of these changes. The author provides statistical material concerning application of penalties and other forms of sanctions. These data are being compared with the data in other European countries. The author makes conclusions concerning further development of criminal policy.

In the article the author considers urgent problems of Extradition. The study is based on scientific researches in this area and Laws on Extradition in other countries. The article consists of 3 parts. In the first part the author analyses the notion of Extradition. The legal regulation on Extradition is considered in the second part and the problems of conditions and procedures related to Extradition are presented in the third part of the article. The author pays attention to shortcomings of the legal regulation on Extradition in Lithuania and gives the ways of their elimination. At the same time the author grounds the need of passing the National Extradition Act and at the end in the view he gives the scheme of such law.

In the article the author considers urgent problems of Extradition. The study is based on scientific researches in this area and Laws on Extradition in other countries. The article consists of 3 parts. In the first part the author analyses the notion of Extradition. The legal regulation on Extradition is considered in the second part and the problems of conditions and procedures related to Extradition are presented in the third part of the article. The author pays attention to shortcomings of the legal regulation on Extradition in Lithuania and gives the ways of their elimination. At the same time the author grounds the need of passing the National Extradition Act and at the end in the view he gives the scheme of such law.

In this article a presently existing public administration system in Lithuania as well as the position of municipalities (subjects of local self–government) in that system are described, the features of the "real" local self–government are being formulated, potentially possible groups of problems of local self–government are distinguished and currently main problems of municipalities of Lithuania are indicated. The author of the article notes that in Lithuania up till now the concept of the "real" local self–government has not been clearly and unambiguously defined yet. That makes the formulation of target goals, tasks and means as well as their implementation developing the system of local self–government more difficult. Seeking at least partly to fill the existing gap, the author of the article formulates eight features of the "real" local self–government. Having defined the problem of local self–government as a deviation from the "normal" conditions for the functioning of the local self–government system that cause negative changes in the system, the author of the article shows the relationship between the "normal" conditions for the functioning of local self–government and the formulated features of the "real" local self–government. According to this relationship the author of the article indicates eight potentially possible groups of problems of local self–government. On the basis of the accumulated knowledge and acquired experience the author of the article points out five groups of currently particularly important problems for local self–government of Lithuania, which are conditionally named as follows: 1) suppressed independence; 2) insufficient constructiveness of the relationship among different levels of government; 3) economic problems of municipalities; 4) not involving community members in managing local affairs; 5) inertness of municipalities.

In this article a presently existing public administration system in Lithuania as well as the position of municipalities (subjects of local self–government) in that system are described, the features of the "real" local self–government are being formulated, potentially possible groups of problems of local self–government are distinguished and currently main problems of municipalities of Lithuania are indicated. The author of the article notes that in Lithuania up till now the concept of the "real" local self–government has not been clearly and unambiguously defined yet. That makes the formulation of target goals, tasks and means as well as their implementation developing the system of local self–government more difficult. Seeking at least partly to fill the existing gap, the author of the article formulates eight features of the "real" local self–government. Having defined the problem of local self–government as a deviation from the "normal" conditions for the functioning of the local self–government system that cause negative changes in the system, the author of the article shows the relationship between the "normal" conditions for the functioning of local self–government and the formulated features of the "real" local self–government. According to this relationship the author of the article indicates eight potentially possible groups of problems of local self–government. On the basis of the accumulated knowledge and acquired experience the author of the article points out five groups of currently particularly important problems for local self–government of Lithuania, which are conditionally named as follows: 1) suppressed independence; 2) insufficient constructiveness of the relationship among different levels of government; 3) economic problems of municipalities; 4) not involving community members in managing local affairs; 5) inertness of municipalities.

The author examines legal attempts to regulate digital property. By 'digital property' any valuable that is usable or available in electronic form is understood, including computer programs, databases, digital audio and video, etc. Due to authors' own expertise, legal protection of digital property is represented through issues on legal protection of computer programed First part of the assignment accomplished by this article deals with copyright protection of digital property. The article surveys most important international legislation and caee law, ae well as academic opinions on legal regulation of digital property. The significant transformations and differences from traditional principles of Intellectual property law that took place with the rise of digital property are emphasized, together with the challenges brought by digital technology. It is further argued that for the newly established national legal systems, such as Lithuanian, a simple extension of the existing Intellectual property legislation, or mechanical Implantation of foreign laws is not adequate, while the risks are crucial. Careful national approach may be needed in order to achieve socially desirable results and not to prevent establishment of national information economy. The article is conducted ae a result of the research done by the author during the research visit to Donald berman laboratory for Information Technology and Law with the La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Andrew Stranieri, whose views and thoughts inspired this article, and Dr. John Zeleznikow, whose efforts have made possible this research visit.

The author examines legal attempts to regulate digital property. By 'digital property' any valuable that is usable or available in electronic form is understood, including computer programs, databases, digital audio and video, etc. Due to authors' own expertise, legal protection of digital property is represented through issues on legal protection of computer programed First part of the assignment accomplished by this article deals with copyright protection of digital property. The article surveys most important international legislation and caee law, ae well as academic opinions on legal regulation of digital property. The significant transformations and differences from traditional principles of Intellectual property law that took place with the rise of digital property are emphasized, together with the challenges brought by digital technology. It is further argued that for the newly established national legal systems, such as Lithuanian, a simple extension of the existing Intellectual property legislation, or mechanical Implantation of foreign laws is not adequate, while the risks are crucial. Careful national approach may be needed in order to achieve socially desirable results and not to prevent establishment of national information economy. The article is conducted ae a result of the research done by the author during the research visit to Donald berman laboratory for Information Technology and Law with the La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Andrew Stranieri, whose views and thoughts inspired this article, and Dr. John Zeleznikow, whose efforts have made possible this research visit.

All the sciences and even philosophical, ethic thinking and also practice are grounded by so called "line - thinking", which is efective in only limited sphere and time as synergetic paradigmus born in the 20 century. Unfortunately propositions under "line thinking" influence gave miserable results as much in politics as in government. The article shortly deals with some paradoxical synergetic confirmities (regularities) and the first observed results and chances of their using in the prevention of crimes, goverment in connection with the problem of theory and practice. It is suggested to change "strategic planing" conception into "strategic thinking" concept which joins theory and practice most effectively. In conclusion, connect of theory and practice are visible in teleonomy of emergetic evolution of social processes which are expressed namely by "strategic thinking" as intentionality obeyed to the same synergetic laws.

All the sciences and even philosophical, ethic thinking and also practice are grounded by so called "line - thinking", which is efective in only limited sphere and time as synergetic paradigmus born in the 20 century. Unfortunately propositions under "line thinking" influence gave miserable results as much in politics as in government. The article shortly deals with some paradoxical synergetic confirmities (regularities) and the first observed results and chances of their using in the prevention of crimes, goverment in connection with the problem of theory and practice. It is suggested to change "strategic planing" conception into "strategic thinking" concept which joins theory and practice most effectively. In conclusion, connect of theory and practice are visible in teleonomy of emergetic evolution of social processes which are expressed namely by "strategic thinking" as intentionality obeyed to the same synergetic laws.

The article seeks to demonstrate the changes in the conception of relations between science and politics in the 20 th century German tradition of social philosophy. This tradition encompasses Max Weber, Karl Mannheim, Frankfurt School and Jürgen Habermas. The analysis of their works revealed that Weber's neutral attitude towards the political role of science had experienced couple of transformations. First, Weber's idea of science as a political instrument was radicalized in Mannheim's sociology of knowledge. In the latter science as an institution is conceived much more positively because it can replace politics by controllable administration. Second, Frankfurt School denies the mannheimian optimism stressing the negative consequences of that substitution: scientific rationalism invades social and political life at the same time ignoring qualitative aspects that are so important in political field. And, finally, trying to breakthrough the one-sided negativism of elder colleagues in Frankfurt School, Habermas restores weberian attitude towards instrumental character of science. In order to elude the dominance of science two steps are of crucial importance: repoliticization of public sphere and removing restrictions on communication.

The article seeks to demonstrate the changes in the conception of relations between science and politics in the 20 th century German tradition of social philosophy. This tradition encompasses Max Weber, Karl Mannheim, Frankfurt School and Jürgen Habermas. The analysis of their works revealed that Weber's neutral attitude towards the political role of science had experienced couple of transformations. First, Weber's idea of science as a political instrument was radicalized in Mannheim's sociology of knowledge. In the latter science as an institution is conceived much more positively because it can replace politics by controllable administration. Second, Frankfurt School denies the mannheimian optimism stressing the negative consequences of that substitution: scientific rationalism invades social and political life at the same time ignoring qualitative aspects that are so important in political field. And, finally, trying to breakthrough the one-sided negativism of elder colleagues in Frankfurt School, Habermas restores weberian attitude towards instrumental character of science. In order to elude the dominance of science two steps are of crucial importance: repoliticization of public sphere and removing restrictions on communication.

The article seeks to demonstrate the changes in the conception of relations between science and politics in the 20 th century German tradition of social philosophy. This tradition encompasses Max Weber, Karl Mannheim, Frankfurt School and Jürgen Habermas. The analysis of their works revealed that Weber's neutral attitude towards the political role of science had experienced couple of transformations. First, Weber's idea of science as a political instrument was radicalized in Mannheim's sociology of knowledge. In the latter science as an institution is conceived much more positively because it can replace politics by controllable administration. Second, Frankfurt School denies the mannheimian optimism stressing the negative consequences of that substitution: scientific rationalism invades social and political life at the same time ignoring qualitative aspects that are so important in political field. And, finally, trying to breakthrough the one-sided negativism of elder colleagues in Frankfurt School, Habermas restores weberian attitude towards instrumental character of science. In order to elude the dominance of science two steps are of crucial importance: repoliticization of public sphere and removing restrictions on communication.

The article seeks to demonstrate the changes in the conception of relations between science and politics in the 20 th century German tradition of social philosophy. This tradition encompasses Max Weber, Karl Mannheim, Frankfurt School and Jürgen Habermas. The analysis of their works revealed that Weber's neutral attitude towards the political role of science had experienced couple of transformations. First, Weber's idea of science as a political instrument was radicalized in Mannheim's sociology of knowledge. In the latter science as an institution is conceived much more positively because it can replace politics by controllable administration. Second, Frankfurt School denies the mannheimian optimism stressing the negative consequences of that substitution: scientific rationalism invades social and political life at the same time ignoring qualitative aspects that are so important in political field. And, finally, trying to breakthrough the one-sided negativism of elder colleagues in Frankfurt School, Habermas restores weberian attitude towards instrumental character of science. In order to elude the dominance of science two steps are of crucial importance: repoliticization of public sphere and removing restrictions on communication.

The publication was compiled to provide the Lithuanian reader with a comprehensive understanding of gender responsive economic initiatives. It provides a conceptual and theoretical framework, traces the evolution of work in this area, shows how gender economics and gender analysis have been used as a tool of a more efficient allocation of economic resources. The article outlines and discusses the main gender problems and their impact into the government economic policy not only on the micro– but on the macro level too. It is the discussion about the gender responsive budget, trade liberalisation and gender impact into the trade liberalisation and gender responsive financial policy. The author concludes the integration and implementation of the gender analysis into the Lithuanian government economic policy could accelerate the sustainable economic growth and soften the consequences of globalisation process.