Relieve : lineas perpendiculares normales ; Orientado con rosa de los vientos y lis ; Copia digital . España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2018
Die Ziele der vorliegenden Studie sind es, sowohl die Faktoren zu identifizieren, die den Ethanol-Kraftstoffmarkt der EU27 und der USA bis zum Jahr 2023 entscheidend beeinflussen werden, als auch die Bildung unterschiedlicher Szenarien, die den jeweiligen Markt im Jahr 2023 beschreiben. Anlass der Untersuchung war die Erkenntnis, dass die etablierten Forschungsinstitute ein weiteres Wachstum des Ethanolmarktes der EU27 und der USA prognostizieren, obwohl derzeitig eine starke Verunsicherung der Märkte vorherrscht und es im Jahr 2012 zu einem Rückgang der Ethanolproduktion in beiden Regionen gekommen ist. Die Verunsicherung des Ethanolmarktes der EU27 ist auf eine mögliche Änderung der politischen Förderung von Bi-okraftstoffen zurückzuführen, um einen Wandel des momentanen Ethanolmarktes der ersten Generation hin zu einem Markt der zweiten Generation zu erreichen. Der US-amerikanische Ethanolmarkt wird durch die "Blend Wall"-Problematik und einer möglichen Absenkung der Verbrauchsmandate des RFS 2 verunsichert. Die Erfüllung der beiden genannten Untersuchungsziele erfolgt mittels eines optimierten Ver-fahrens der Szenario-Technik, welches sich in die drei Kernschritte "Szenariofeld-Analyse", "Szenario-Prognostik" und "Szenario-Bildung und -Konsistenzprüfung" untergliedert. Für den Ethanolmarkt der EU27 wird nach Durchführung des ersten Kernschritts ersichtlich, dass der Markt entscheidend von politischen Faktoren beeinflusst werden wird. Auch der US-amerikanische Markt wird in Zukunft erheblich durch die Politik und die "Blend Wall"-Problematik bestimmt sein. Die Erstellung der Szenarien erfolgt mithilfe der Kernschritte 2 und 3. Der Ethanolmarkt der EU27 im Jahr 2023 wird durch vier Szenarien beschrieben, die sowohl einen starken Anstieg des Ethanolmarktes der ersten Generation als auch einen Wandel des Marktes hin zur zwei-ten Generation prognostizieren. Infolge des Wandels würde der Markt schrumpfen und keine Nachfrage mehr nach Biokraftstoffen der ersten Generation in der EU27 bestehen. Eine sol-che Entwicklung würde die bereits bestehende Ethanolindustrie der ersten Generation in ihrer Existenz bedrohen. Der US-amerikanische Ethanolmarkt im Jahr 2023 wird ebenfalls durch vier Szenarien dar-gestellt. Beschreiben diese auf der einen Seite einen sehr starken Anstieg des Marktes, da der RFS 2 unverändert bleibt, prognostizieren sie auf der anderen Seite aufgrund einer star-ken Kürzung des RFS 2 ein nur moderates Marktwachstum. Im Gegensatz zur EU27 wird die bereits bestehende Ethanolindustrie in den USA jedoch nicht in Frage gestellt. ; This research paper pursues two objectives. Firstly, those factors are identified that have significant impact on the fuel ethanol market of the EU27 and the USA until the year 2023. Secondly, different scenarios are developed which describe various potential states of the named ethanol markets in 2023. The reason for this research project is that the established research institutes share the ex-pectation of a continuous growth of the ethanol market of the EU27 and the USA, although the markets are currently highly unsettled and the ethanol production has dropped in both regions in 2012. This uncertainty among actors of the ethanol market of the EU27 can be traced back to the potential realignment of the political support of biofuels to change the pre-sent ethanol market of the first generation to a market of the second generation. The US-American ethanol market faces uncertainty as well, due to the "blend wall"-problem and a potential reduction of the consumption mandates of the RFS 2. The two named objectives of this study are achieved by using an optimized method of the scenario-technique is divided into three main steps: "scenario-field-analysis", "scenario-prognosis" and "scenario-construction and -consistency-check". After the completion of the first step, it becomes evident that while political factors have a particularly strong influence on the ethanol market of the EU27, the future of the US-American ethanol market is determined by the "blend wall"-problem as well as by political factors. In the second and third step of the scenario-technique, the scenarios are developed. The ethanol market of the EU27 in 2023 is described by four different scenarios. On the one hand, the scenarios predict a strong growth of the ethanol market of the first generation and on the other hand a change of the market towards the second generation. As a consequence of this change, the market would shrink and there would not be any more demand for first generation ethanol. Such a development would pose a serious threat to the existing first-generation ethanol industry. The US-American ethanol market in the year 2023 is also portrayed by four scenarios. While a strong growth of the market is predicted as the current consumption mandates of the RFS 2 will remain unchanged, it is also expected that the market will only grow moderately due to the cutback of the mandates. However, in contrast to the ethanol market of the EU27, the existing ethanol industry of the USA will not be exposed to any fundamental risks.
Die Thünen-Baseline 2013 bis 2023 ist eine auf den deutschen Agrarsektor fokussierte modellgestützte Projektion der erwarteten Entwicklungen auf der Grundlage der im Winter 2013/14 vorliegenden Daten und Informationen. Sie stellt eine Referenzsituation für die Analyse von Auswirkungen alternativer Politiken und Entwicklungen dar. Die Thünen-Baseline geht von einer Beibehaltung der derzeitigen Agrarpolitik bzw. der Umsetzung bereits beschlossener Politikänderungen aus. Für die vorliegende Baseline bedeutet dies im Wesentlichen die Umsetzung der 2013 beschlossenen Reform der Europäischen Agrarpolitik und ihrer nationalen Umsetzung entsprechend des Beschlusses der deutschen Agrarministerkonferenz. Insgesamt zeichnet die Thünen-Baseline 2013 bis 2023 das Bild einer wettbewerbsstarken Landwirtschaft in Deutschland, die sich gut an die Veränderungen der jüngsten Agrarreform anpasst und die Möglichkeiten zur Produktionsausdehnung, insbesondere im Milchbereich, wahrnimmt. Auf der anderen Seite zeigen die Projektionen, dass sich unter den getroffenen Annahmen und unveränderten politischen Rahmenbedingungen die Probleme, die sich aus der intensiven Tierproduktion ergeben können, nicht im Zeitablauf "von selbst" lösen, sondern im Gegenteil angesichts der projizierten Rentabilität der Veredlungsproduktion weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen könnten. ; This article presents selected results of the Thünen-Baseline as well as the assumptions upon which these results are based. The Thünen-Baseline is established using and combining several models of the Thünen model network. It provides a reference scenario for the analysis of the impacts of alternative policies and developments. The projections are based on data and information available as of winter 2013/14. The baseline assumes a continuation of the current policy framework and the implementation of already decided policy changes. For the Thünen-Baseline 2013 to 2023, this implies the implementation of the EU-CAP reform decided in 2013 and its national implementation according to the decisions made at the German Ministers of Agriculture conference. Overall, the Thünen-Baseline 2013 to 2023 draws a picture of a competitive agricultural sector in Germany, which adapts well to the changes of the latest policy reform and seizes the opportunities for expanding production, especially in the dairy sector. On the other hand, the projections also highlight that – under the assumptions made and with unchanged policy conditions – the problems that may accompany intensive livestock production will not simply dissolve. In contrast, in view of the projected high profitability of intensive pig and poultry production the related challenges could increase.
The purpose of this paper is to describe the findings of a survey of Bulgarian faculty about the extent to which their research is openly available, awareness of the European Union Competitive Council open access goal, support of the goal, and preferences for achieving it. The authors conducted a survey of 584 faculty at six universities in Bulgaria using the Qualtrics online survey software. There were 222 effectively surveyed respondents. Bulgarian researchers are aware of arguments in favor of open access and believe that it benefits researchers in their discipline. Only a little more than a third of Bulgarian faculty are familiar with the E.U. goal of open access to all publicly funded research by 2020. Once the goal is explained, they support it. Authors may not understand the intricacies of green and gold open access, but they are willing to meet the E.U. goal by either publishing in open access journals (the gold method) or depositing articles in open access repositories (the green method). The results are useful to countries and funding agencies interested in achieving open access to state funded research. To date, there has been no research that seeks to determine the degree to which researchers are aware of the E.U. Competitive Council goal or that seeks to determine faculty preferences for achieving that goal. This paper explores methods available for achieving open access to the results of publicly funded research in Bulgaria.
This item is part of the Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements (PRISM) digital collection, a collaborative initiative between Florida Atlantic University and University of Central Florida in the Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials (PALMM).
With new proposals and development initiatives, the government aims to maintain the momentum of economic growth. There is emphasis on keeping poverty and job losses to a minimum with no new taxes, expansion of social protection schemes, and increase in salaries. Initiatives to protect both formal and informal Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been announced in view of the stresses faced by private enterprises amid COVID-19.
Western democratic nation-states are governing (im)migrations through systemic indifference (a new form of systemic xenophobia and systemic racism). Majority self-aware ethnic groups (led by elites, i.e., the nation, the executive, the government) apply formal social control with total indifference to (and in contradiction with) social order and the rule of law. Social order and the rule of law are not honored (refusal of entry in humanitarian crisis, border outsourcing, and permanent state of exception in borders) or, in other cases, they are (dubiously) honored (approval of deportations) but not enforced. This systemic indifference has led to a Catch-22 in which immigrants are trapped (necropolitics, permanent state of exception in EU and US outside borders, border outsourcing, and hopeless free wandering in which immigrants may challenge, unintentionally and inadvertently, the internal social order). Western democratic nation-states show their deep internal contradictions in times of mass migrations, aged (and fast-aging) societies, populisms, authoritarianism, extremism and the reinforcement of whiteness. In XXI century, Western democratic nation-states´ weakness is an important challenge in front of other political systems (China with its Chinese Marxism, authoritarian regimes like Russia, Turkey…) which are gaining momentum. The EU and the US confront a catharsis of their traditional social and political paradigms: from national to post-national and multicultural societies. Majority self-aware ethnic groups oppose this paradigm change with systemic indifference, systemic xenophobia and systemic racism. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.
This report is categorized into three categories: (I) Introduction, (II) Key Issue and (III) Congressional Action. It also consist a figure for F-22A Weapons Loadout.
We broke camp at an early hour marched about one mile formed line of battle and lay down remained there about 4 hours we then took the advance of the fifth Corps marched some five miles and came on to the Rebels the skir- mishers opened a brisk fire the Rebs falling back our Regmt [sic] went to the front formed line and advanced under a heavy fire from the emenies guns but they soon fell back we marched about three miles when the colum [sic] halted for the night my Regt went on picket. 4 men were wounded. We took ten prisoners.
Considers (83) S. 50. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VI ; Considers (83) S. 50. ; Mode of access: Internet.
This contribution presents an innovative and integrated framework for real-time-process reconciliation and optimization (RTRO) in large continuous open pit coal mines. RTRO-Coal is currently developed, validated, tested and implemented as part of a multi-national multi-partner European Union funded R&D project. The key concept is to promote a shift in paradigm from intermittent discontinuous to a continuous process monitoring and quality management system in large scale coal mining operations. The framework is based on a real-time feedback control loop linking online data acquired during extraction rapidly with a sequentially up-datable resource model. The up-to-date model is integrated with a real-time optimization of short-term sequencing and production control decisions. Improved decisions are expected to lead to increased resource-and process efficiency and support a sustainable extraction of natural resources. This contribution introduces to the framework, discusses main building blocks and illustrates the value added by the means of selected examples. ; Geoscience & Engineering ; Civil Engineering and Geosciences
Currently the Government is increasing the tax revenue from various sectors , especially the increase in the tax on imported goods ( Income Tax (VAT ) on the import of Article 22 ) . Income Tax (VAT ) on the import of Article 22 in accordance with Law No. 7 of 1983 has a supporting role budgetary functions ( towing instruments of public funds to put into the state treasury ) . But along with the issuance of the Finance Minister Regulation No. 175/PMK.011/2013 About Withholding Income Tax Article 22 Relating to Payments for Delivery of Goods and Activities for Import Or Other Business Activities in the Field of the Income Tax (VAT ) on the import of section 22 has a role new additions as support functions regulerend ( tool for controlling imports ) . It is intended that the import of certain goods from another country can be muted . Other purpose that is greater than the reduction of imported goods is to reduce the pressure on the balance of trade with other countries in order to avoid a deficit . It is expected that the reduction in the number of imported goods will improve the trade balance moving towards a trade surplus with other countries and the domestic industry are encouraged to increase the production of goods as import substitution goods . Keywords: Article 22 Income Tax , Import , Ms . Access Programming