Suchergebnisse

In many countries the tendency of management development getting to the public sector is growing bigger.Especially underlined is the New public management role. Different authors, differently treat this conception. Onegroup understands it like an absolutely new perception idea, which unifies general tendencies that were dominatingin many countries and had an impact to the early stage of understanding the modernization of public sector. Otherssay that the New public management system isn't a new idea and it came from various theoretical thesis. Howeverscientific literature in most cases writes the opinion that the New public management has no independent theoreticalsources and that its theoretical base consists of two foundations: public opinion theory and management.Talking about standard basis, which regulates the dominating system of the local administration in the Republicof Lithuania, the author analyze only the acts of law that state the position of country about the dominatingsystem of local administration. That is, law acts have to have stated in them the main reform aspects of the publicsector. Noteworthy points of this strategy fixed in the law acts are: Country's long-term development strategy,Public administration expansion strategy as far as to year 2010, Lithuanian regional politics strategy to the year2013, balanced National development strategy. Not less important are the other law acts like the LithuanianRepublic's Government program for the year 2004-2008, confirmed by some central government institutions andthere carried out functions of decentralization and deconcentration conception with the realization of the first stepof this conception by all confirmed means.Noteworthy those at this time working laws that regulate the local administration in Lithuanian Republicsometimes have arguing points, but how to efficiently install new management development in the public sector, bythis means and in the local administration, are not presented.It seems that the present valid law acts are prepared with ...

In the context of constant change the public administration system undergoes different types of reforms:amendment of interaction mechanisms among institutions representing different management levels, applicationof competence and qualification improvement methods in the public service, etc. By stressing the importanceof improvement of public administration system on a wider general environment this article analysestheoretical and practical aspects of politization of the system in both Lithuania and other countries. Although inreality the separation of politics and administration is impossible, yet, by assuring a maximum protection of thepublic service system from political interests, it is possible to stabilize the process of state governance and tocreate a professional public service, which would be based on qualification, performance and merit results, butnot on personal or party-based (political) interests.

The article reviews the evolution of self-government institutions and development process of local communitiesin Western countries and Lithuania. The problematical question is how the work of self-government institutionswas affected by local communities in the past, what influence it can cause in modern society.It is noted, that the attitude of researchers towards local communities fluctuated. Considering that localcommunities are older than polity, later the research of local community, as a closed industrial system, was started.This kind of turn was determined by industrial revolution and one of the prime changes – personal freedomchanged the personal dependence from others. Naturally, the functions of self-government changed toward industrialrevolution, the relation between self-government and local communities too, because the theory of political local self-government, which gives the priority of local government to town government, institutionalized exactlyin 19th century.Considering the fact, that Lithuania didn't have large cities, natural-traditional rights had an impact in interwarsocial order in Lithuania. Therefore the influence of traditions is appreciable, when we talk about localcommunities in modern Lithuania. The sociological research "Local community 2001" showed , that traditionalinstitutions, like the church, the school, cultural institutions and also the institutional subdivision – elders officeperforms the important role in the working in local community.

This paper discusses the efficiency of the central banks in the field of the integration process of the European System of Central Banks. The authors have based their research on a number of opinions regarding the effectiveness of expenses of central banks and the analysis of efficiency indicators of the EU central banks and the European Central Bank. The innovative aspect of this paper lies in finding trends for the efficiency indicators and policy developments of the central banks of the EU countries. Some differences have been detected for several indicators of the central banks of the EU15 countries and the central banks of the other EU countries, which prove that there is still room for improving the accountability and transparency of the European System of Central Banks.

The Lithuanian language is the state language of the Republic of Lithuania, the status of which wasconsolidated by the citizens of the Republic in the Constitution enacted through the Referendum of October25, 1992. The Lithuanian language is the only state language of the Republic of Lithuania. The aim ofthe article is to analyze the policy of the Lithuanian language as well as to evaluate its administrative results.The following basic research methods were applied: analysis of scientific sources, juridical documents,consideration of needs of the society. It is shown that principles of interaction among various instructionsfor language policy implementation require coherent regulation and provision of some nationallaws and the European Union legal acts.

Aiming to reveal contemporary trends in the area of research on governance and management of the highereducation institutions in Lithuania, the article analyses scientific issues and solutions that have been presented inthe last decade monographs and dissertations.As the analysis shows, higher education in Lithuania has been undergoing huge deformations, so its ambitionsare to enter the common space of higher education in Europe. So academic community tries to catch up with thedeveloped countries. Therefore the most research works have been directed toward justification of fundamentalconcepts, such as democratic or massive higher education and to emphasize corresponding ideas necessary for thepromotion of reforms in higher education. The significance of these aims is envisaged in laying theoretical foundationsfor improvement of governance and management in the institutions and system of higher education. There arealso issues researched concerning culture fluctuation of academic community, quality assurance and evaluation aswell as management of finance, that point out the strive of researchers for the adoption of "new management"conditions.The analysis of the above mentioned scientific works enabled to draw out conclusions: researches have beenfocused mainly on the control of introducing change in higher education institutions settings, followed by suchcategories as acculturation, modernization and quality assurance.

The major problems of municipalities (especially small ones) are roads and bridges, the waste managementinfrastructure, the clean water infrastructure, sewage treatment facilities, the natural gas deliveryinfrastructure, electricity, public transit, etc. As a rule, municipal budgets don't provide sufficient funds forsolving these problems. Thus, the major sources of funding those specific needs are loans. According to theBudgetary Code of Ukraine (Article 16, Part 2) the following entities have the right to borrow: city councils(radas) and theVerkhovna Rada (Parliament) of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (ARC). The VerkhovnaRada of the ARC and city councils have the right to receive internal loans (except in cases mentioned inArticle 73 of the Budgetary Code of Ukraine); city councils of cities that have more than 800 thousandinhabitants (according to official records of government statistics at the time a decision about the loan ismade) have the right to take outside loans. The Council of Ministers (Rada Ministriv) of the ARC, localstate administrations, executive bodies of particular city councils may, subject to a decision by the VerkhovnaRada of the ARC or the proper city council, take out a loan from financial institutions to fund temporarybudgetary gaps for a term not longer than three months within the time frame of the same budgetary period.The Ministry of Finances defines the manner of those loans. Budgets cannot make loans to each other(Article 73 of the Budgetary Code).

The influence of workers for economy development is unquestioned phenomenon. The modern managerial theories highlight the emergence of new engines which stimulates the growth processes of economy. Knowledge and information consider as new types of growth engines totally changed the features of XXI'st century's economy. As a consequence of USA's economy's transformations new class of workers – knowledge workers – emerged in the early 1960's. It is a key to stress that economies' of different world countries are shaped by many micro- and macro-factors. One of them is migration. As a rule knowledge-based economies' (KBE) are particularly sensitive for the consequences of knowledge workers migration. Mentioned factors stimulated the choice of the object for the research. Wherefore comparing and systemizing different scientific works the definition of knowledge workers and classification of knowledge workers categories considering occupation are presented in the article. The analysis is pointed out to the explanation of factors of knowledge workers migration in the individual and governmental level. The conclusion was made that migration of knowledge workers usually causes the effects of "brain drain", "brain gain", "brain circulation", "brain exchange" and "brain waste". The expression of these is analyzed in the article as well. In order to suggest the concrete actions how to suspend and attract knowledge workers to Lithuania the tendencies of knowledge workers migration in EU and the world were presented in the article. There was highlighted the main destinations of knowledge workers migration as well as the traditional consequences of knowledge workers migration for the country's economy.

Neoliberal economic policies focus on supply-side measures emphasising the role of the market in efficient resource allocation. Neoliberal policies advocate the case for a minimalist, non-interventionist government, stating that social welfare can be best advanced by promoting individual entrepreneurial freedoms. The role of the state should be limited to providing and protecting the preconditions for economic growth and the unimpeded functioning of the market. Neoliberalism promotes a market-driven society where every person is a homo economicus. In competitive markets, the rational decisions of utility-maximising consumers and profit-maximising producers will lead to market equilibrium. Since 1992, the development of the Estonian economy has been guided by neoliberal economic policies. Decision-makers and policy-shapers tend to measure good business environment with the extent to which neoliberal policies have been implemented. However, Estonia's exceptionally high economic growth rates have not been matched by substantial improvements in the quality of life. Although its economic development has been impressive from a production-oriented point of view, from a people-oriented perspective the achievements have been much more modest. It seems that corporate welfare has replaced social welfare as an economic objective. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse neoliberal economic policies and to demonstrate their adverse socio-economic effects in Estonia. This article addresses the issue of growth versus development.

It was aspired to analyze the theoretical foundation of public participation invoking different theories explainingthis phenomenon. Theses involve the most widely used theories as: Theory of Social Capital – becauseit is still the most popular foundation in solving participation problems; Rational Choice theory – because it hasnot only features of universal theory, but is successfully used in all behaviour sciences, and certainly explainsmeasuring process (what it is the base of decision assumption in any individuals activity, in participation aswell) of participation's benefit and loss; Theory of Democracy – because it is treated as an essential assumption,the foundation to the further construct analyze and practical realization of participating ideas. Such anapproach was taken, because there is no only one universal theory explaining the phenomenon of participationinvolving different attitudes. There are chosen different theories depending on context. Authors do not intend togenerate such a theory, this is just assay to discuss the main theories, often over-passing limits of the other one,identifying problems, which hinder to shape an universal theory of participant foundation. There is confinedfrom comprehensive public or participant concepts' operationalization.

Civil society could be expressed by itself in a large variety of forms: individual initiatives through socialmovements, associations, non-governmental organizations, societies and other organizations. "Civil societyis the location from where legitimacy must be obtained if one is to talk of a democratic political system" [4,p. 25]. It is impossible to determine one model or one discourse for civil society, as well as the definition ofcivil society is not unique either. Taking into consideration the differentiation of "concepts" of civil society,the development of civil society in the article in a way is seen through NGOs - as a relation among publiccomponent in the Baltic countries. The aim of the article is to provide empirical insights, which contrastwith the normative assumptions that often underlie the "new civil society participation" literature anddiscourse of policy-makers, in particular in terms of participation. The Dahl criteria for democracy: decisionmaking processes, freedom of expression, access to information and right to freedom of association havebeen chosen aiming at evaluation of civil participation. The criteria have determined the structure of thearticle in the context of theoretical analysis. The analysis is also based on comparative method, and itinvolves three Baltic States: Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.

Establishment of Competence Centres is one of the main tasks on the European Union agenda. The article aims to analyse the possible impact such Competence Centres might have in Lithuania. The main purpose of Competence Centre is to encourage science and business collaboration in increasing effectiveness and efficiency of high added value article production. The newly established and currently not wide spread Competence Centres are encouraged by EU: the main goal of Lisbon Strategy is to set up necessary conditions for creation of critical mass in particular research areas. Developing significant European Competence Centres, which would be ready for international collaboration and for attraction of high qualified scientists from all over the Europe, could encourage competitiveness of the region as well as the competitiveness of EU itself. Therefore, this would be a huge step of Lithuania's Knowledge Economy in catching up with the EU innovation leaders. Thus, the article captures: analysis of science and business potential in Lithuania, analysis of success stories of Competence Centres and suggestions on the possible model for boosting the development of Competence Centres in Lithuania.

This paper is devoted to the problem of intangible assets. Questions primarily concerning definitions ofthe intangible asset phenomenon are at the centre of attention from the position of economic and specialaccounting legislation. The problem of set of intangible assets is also monitored here together with allocation(placement) in basic accounting records of a company. The conclusions of this paper demonstrate thelimited possibilities of official (accounting) data structures (including structures for intangible assets), especiallyin comparison with theoretical structures, as derived from the needs of economic practice. On theother hand, however, it is also necessary to take into consideration the relative transparency of the officialintangible asset structures, which provides apparent hope if involving future development in the direction ofgreater reflex in economic reality

Aim of the article is to analyse the causes and practical reforms of the pension system in the European Unioncountries. Another task is to clarify the requirements of the European Union's institutions for the member – statespension system reforms and to sum up the pension system reforms of the European Union member – states.This theme is actual not only in the light of the execution of the reforms of the Lithuanian pension system, butalso because Lithuania is in the middle of co – ordination processes of the European Union.The practical results, presented consequences and conclusions can be used planning future reforms of theLithuanian pension system. Also it may be used as methodical literature studying the actual processes in the fieldof the pension system reforms of the European Union.

The paper aims to evaluate the main features of the creation and development of the integral culturalspace in Europe and the main problems of provision of equal rights in the context of the transition processesin the Central and Eastern Europe.The paper has used the outcomes of the research done over the recent several years, dedicated to thediagnostics of the problems of transformations as well as economic and social development in Central andEastern Europe with a special reference to the development of the integral cultural space and human rights.Major findings show that the creation and development of the integral cultural space in Europe is avery complex and controversial process and in this course various problems and conflicts arise. Therefore, toencourage the creation of the integral cultural space in Europe appropriate cultural policies are necessary tobe implemented in the Europe. These policies may embrace many priorities including– the preservation of cultural diversity;– adaptation and dissemination of integrated European dimensions;– elimination of inappropriate factors within humanism and democracy of all European countries;– provision of equal rights in all groups of modern society.For implementation of key priorities of cultural policies the use of a number of pan-European scalespecial programmes is suggested.The new non-traditional ideas of possible economic and social development in Central and EasternEurope are discussed.