Suchergebnisse

This article examines the roles, good & bad, played primarily by European but also other countries in the colonial & postcolonial histories of the five African countries of which Portuguese is the official language -- Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, & Sao Tome & Principe, known as PALOP (Paises Africanos de Lingua Official Portuguese). The author draws on 22 books to describe the history of the colonization of the PALOP nations & the external influences on their current politics, cultures, language, religions, & people, examining each country turn. The account of Mozambique & its province of Inhambane explains the commercial, political, & social participation of Denmark, stemming primarily from its capital, Copenhagen, in this African country's current state of being & development. Adapted from the source document.

Este artigo apresenta o resultado da amostra brasileira da pesquisa internacional intitulada "Os significados da música para crianças e adolescentes em atividades musicais escolares e não-escolares". Essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de investigar a importância e o significado atribuído pelos alunos às atividades musicais desenvolvidas em ambientes escolares e não-escolares. O método consistiu em um survey envolvendo 21.975 alunos de oito países (Brasil, China, Coreia do Sul, Estados Unidos, Finlândia, Hong Kong, Israel e México), cujo questionário foi concebido sob a ótica do modelo de expectativa e valor de Eccles e Wigfield. No Brasil, fizeram parte da amostra 1848 alunos da 6a série do ensino fundamental à 3a série do ensino médio, de 11 cidades do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário sobre o perfil dos alunos e suas opiniões quanto ao interesse, importância, dificuldade, utilidade, senso de competência e senso de confiança em relação às disciplinas Artes, Ciências, Educação Física, Matemática, Português e Música. Os dados foram tratados por análise de variância (ANOVA). Os resultados do Brasil apontam que o grau de interesse, importância e utilidade da Música aumenta à medida que os estudantes brasileiros pertencem a séries mais avançadas, em sentido oposto ao observado na maioria dos outros países.

Objective: To investigate Brazilian publications on leprosy program evaluations from the components: inputs,
processes, results and impact. Methods: Consultation in the LILACS database of the Virtual Health Library on the
keywords "leprosy", "evaluation". Inclusion Criteria: Publications from 2001 to 2008, in Portuguese and descriptor
"leprosy." Results: 27 approaches for components of input, process, outcome and impact studies in August of this
review. The process component prevailed with 41%. Of all approaches and inputs and outputs were performed in 26%
and 22% respectively and the impact component with the lowest percentage approaches 11%. Conclusion: The
evaluation must be present throughout the process of implementing a particular program.

The paper intends to expose the initial features of Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology from the criticism made by the author to the critical-teleological method of Baden Neokantism in the 1919 lecture 'The Idea of ​​Philosophy and the Problem of Worldview'.

The author notes that to speak of democracy in the countries of Central Asia would seem to be a futile effort. The republics that emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union are known for their authoritarian, repressive, & centralized regimes. Following a review of the history & sociopolitical context of the Central Asian countries, the author describes being in Bishkek in Jan 2010, when Kyrgyzstan was between revolutions & popular revolts, & discusses the country's internal dynamics as well as foreign relations with the US, Russia, & other Western nations. While a ray of hope was apparent at that time -- with the establishment of a new legitimate government & a new social contract -- it was soon extinguished. Once again, the future of Kyrgyzstan, like that of the other Central Asian countries, appears unlikely to change anytime soon. S. Stanton

A new Keynesian-struturalist school of thought is emerging in Brazil. It is formed by a Structuralist Development Macroeconomics that offers scientific explanation to New Developmentalism - a national development strategy. In this intervention the author delineates its main theoretical claims and policies. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The article discusses how Judith Butler's theory of gender, mainly based on what the author called metaphysics of substance, operates a desontologization of sex-gender experiences. For this, it exposes how Butler operates the desontologization of the gendered subject, through her feminist critique of the idea of ​​subject conceived from the mark of sexual difference. Later, it dedicates to what Butler called the "metaphysics of substance", seen as what sustains, within the framework of the binary sex-gender system, the idea of ​​natural difference of bodies, a moment in which the author resorts to the genealogy of morals developed by Nietzsche to justify her genealogy of gender and bodies, seeing these as inseparable, which is why she concludes that, in the manner of gender, the production of bodies occurs in a performative way through contextualized recitations that establish the boundaries of human intelligibility and that, therefore, it is subject to transformation.

A construção de um projeto de nação brasileira se deu na primeira metade do século XIX, em meio a um período de turbulências. Nesse período, foram criados os cursos de Direito em Olinda e São Paulo, além do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. Após 22 anos de precariedade, o curso de Olinda foi transferido Recife, e foi quando, em 1870, Silvio Romero anunciou um conjunto de ideias cientificistas, inaugurando uma nova fase da historiografia brasileira. Ele propôs uma tríade racial como formadora do povo brasileiro, e para estudá-la recorreu ao folclore, tendo como objetivo compreender a contribuição cultural de cada raça para formação do povo brasileiro analisando homem e natureza. Essa sugestão aparece nas obras de Felisbelo Freire e Euclides da Cunha que tomamos como exemplo para investigar a repercussão do pensamento de Romero. Está pesquisa está pautada por uma sociologia do conhecimento de Mannheim, preocupada em investigar como as verdades são construídas em tempos de turbulência social. E, assim, a passagem do império à república é significativa para a dicotomia entre tradição e modernidade, sertão e litoral.

Writing from Islamabad, the author describes the present political situation in Pakistan & discusses earlier attempts to reach democracy through the electoral process. He contends that it would be absurd to try to predict the future of Pakistan, this country that faces challenges that few others have had to confront. However, it appears that Pakistan is going to make a third attempt to become a democracy. S. Stanton

This article aims to highlight the value attributed to art, especially music, by Arthur Schopenhauer. The author's relationship with the philosophy of Fichte and Schelling will be articulated, contextualizing his thinking with the german romantic movement. Moreover, by presenting his aesthetic hierarchy, some fundamental aspects of the author of The world as will and representation will be pointed out, insofar as this duality is also pointed to when referring to the different artistic styles.

Kenneth N. Waltz's magnum opus, Theory of International Politics, first published in 1979, is the single most widely read contribution to neorealism. Waltz claimed the establishment of a nomothetic theory of international politics that deals in regularities and repetitions, arguing that the structural component of the international system greatly influences state behaviour and hence outcomes. The author proposes a macrotheoretical solution to the micro account of traditional realism that focuses on unit and individual level explanations. Adapted from the source document.

In 'The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein', Michael Potter's essay 'Wittgenstein on mathematics' offers not only an analysis on why Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics is so controversial among philosophers and mathematicians but also justifies such controversy. For that purpose, Potter emphasizes that Wittgenstein's discussions on math are unfinished. This article sheds light on some inconsistencies and contradictions pertaining Wittgenstein's mathematic thoughts which, although reinforcing the decade-long criticism on the author, did not interest scholars as much as Wittgenstein's comments on Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems and his dialogues with Alan Turing on the foundations of mathematics.

The notion of 'epistemic community' is crucial for the characterization of observability, a cornerstone for Bas van Fraassen's constructive empiricism. As a matter of fact, 'observable' is, to him, a short for 'observable-by-us'. In this work, it will be shown that the alleged rigidity of the author of 'The Scientific Image', apparently not very keen to admitting changes in the epistemic community (constituted - according to him - by the human race), is actually an assumption of modesty and good judgment; it means recognizing that scientific enterprise is just a human activity, among many others.

The author discusses the progressive transformation of the cyberspace into one more battleground for international conflicts. The article begins with an analysis of the concept of cyber war, and a discussion about the difficulties of establishing a rigorous conceptualisation within the framework of the Law of Armed Conflict/International Humanitarian Law. Then, the capabilities and vulnerabilities of great powers are also object of analysis, and the complex role of non-state actors in cyber conflicts. The article ends with a discussion about the difficulty of assessing the economic impact of cyber attacks. Adapted from the source document.