Особливості становлення державної політики у сфері зайнятості населення: методологія проблеми ; Features of state policy in the field of employment of population: methodology of the problem
Здійснено аналіз становлення державної політики у сфері зайнятості населення; ідентифіковано структурно-функціональну роль держави у сфері формування та реалізації соціально-трудових відносин; класифіковано основні цілі, елементи, структурні рівні та комплекс заходів державної політики у сфері зайнятості; систематизовано основні функції сторін соціального партнерства, які забезпечують реалізацію відповідних заходів щодо забезпечення політики зайнятості; наведено основні технологічні прийоми реалізації цього виду політики, враховуючи національні особливості та відповідні показники економічного розвитку держави; охарактеризовано її інфраструктуру, яка забезпечує сталу динамічну рівновагу на ринку праці, що безпосередньо впливає на результативність державної політики у відповідній сфері; розроблено інструментарій регулювання та прогнозування ринку праці, який передбачає запровадження форм та методів управління системою зайнятості населення та регулювання трудових відносин, що слугує зниженню показників безробіття та підвищенню показників активної зайнятості населення серед різних демографічних груп. ; Problem setting. In conditions of the development of a postmodern state and the formation of a new type of economy, the formation of a state employment policy aimed at ensuring the creation of conditions for rational employment of the population plays a strategic role. This is directly because the social policy of the state, which is employment of the population in the center of, has a refrain to ensure stable livelihoods of society, the adoption of dynamic indicators of minimizing unemployment and achieving a balanced welfare. In view of this, the expediency of a comprehensive solution of problems of employment of the population is articulated.An analysis of recent research and publications where the solution of this problem was initiated and which the author relies on. In the context of the analysis of the methodology for the formation of public policy in the field of employment, destabilization of the main research approaches deserves special attention.Recent research and publications analysis. In today's conditions of social development, the state should retain coordinating and regulating functions in order to ensure the proper functioning of the sphere of employment of the population and overcoming unemployment. Such context prompts the state to abandon centralized management in order to form a new modern system of employment regulation, which main technological units would be the development of relevant laws, programs for stimulating employment, the conclusion of appropriate agreements between the parties of the social partnership concerning the formation of social and labor relations at national and regional levels. Namely the subjects of social and labor relations that must determine the structure and basic directions of employment of the population, the methodology of training of labor potential and increase its competitiveness in the domestic and global labor markets. In such a system of relations, the state acquires a strategic and technological status - ensuring coordination of social and labor relations between the relevant actors in the sphere of employment and creating the appropriate framework conditions for the effectiveness of the establishment and stability of the functioning of such relations.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problems. The paper objective is to carry out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the formation of public policy in the field of employment of the population.Paper main body. The main object of the state policy in the field of employment is the regulation of relations, which foresees the formation of social partnership between its subjects functions structurally are divided according to the principle: 1) states (the highest authority); 2) enterprises (employers); 3) trade unions. Each of these subjects has its own functional toolkit.Measures for ensuring employment: investment and tax measures aimed at the efficient allocation of productive forces, increased labor mobility, entrepreneurship promotion, the creation of new technologies, new small enterprises, the application of flexible labor regimes (reduction of working hours, work at home, etc.) which contribute to the preservation and development of the system of workplaces; ensuring the rights and interests of employees through the improvement of legislation concerning employment of the population and labor, creation of favorable conditions at work; conducting analytical and scientific researches of the economic structure and forecasting changes in the quality and distribution of labor force; regulation of foreign economic activity in terms of attracting and using foreign labor force on the basis of quotation and licensing, as well as providing their citizens with the right to work abroad; assistance (on behalf of enterprises, institutions and organizations of all forms of ownership) if necessary, creation of additional workplaces, as well as improvement of working conditions in social production.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Thus, our analysis of the state policy in the field of employment made it possible to clearly identify the structural and functional role of the state in the field of formation and implementation of social and labor relations, on their basis the main objectives, elements, structural levels and a set of measures of state policy in the field of employment are classified, the main functions of social partnership parties are systematized, which ensure implementation of appropriate measures to ensure employment policy, the main technologies of implementation of such kind of policies are presented, taking into account national peculiarities and corresponding indicators of economic development of the state, its infrastructure is defined which provides a stable dynamic balance in the labor market, which directly influences the effectiveness of the state policy in the relevant sphere. On this basis, the toolkit for regulation and forecasting of the labor market was elaborated, which foresees the introduction of forms and methods for managing the employment of the population system and regulating labor relations, which serves to reduce unemployment rates and increase the rates of active employment among different demographic groups. This aspect lays the prospects for further development of this issue in the context of modern research approaches within the field of knowledge of public administration.