Suchergebnisse

Status concern and feelings of relative deprivation affect individual behaviour and well-being. Traditional norms and the alarming inequality in China have made relative deprivation increasingly intense for the Chinese population. This article reviews empirical literature on China that attempts to test the relative deprivation hypothesis, and also reviews the origins and pathways of relative deprivation, compares its economic measures in the literature and summarises the scientific findings. Drawing from solid empirical evidence, the author discusses the important policy implications on redistribution, official regulations and grassroots sanctions, and relative poverty alleviation. (China/GIGA)

Abstract: This paper looks at Georgia's path to reform in 2004–2012. The author argues that the young, ideologically and structurally cohesive elite capitalized on the window of opportunity and implemented "big bang" reform in 2004–2008. As time passed, the new incumbents developed vested interests that became apparent with the reemergence of a state-business nexus reemerged in 2008–2012. During the Saakashvili administration, these interests undermined market competition, and elite networks used state power to control economic and political structures. Even though concerns over particularistic practices have remained, petty bribery has decreased substantially.

"China's reinforcements of its claims to most of the South China Sea (SCS) cause significant tensions in the region. As one of the top trading nations in Southeast Asia and as a security alliance partner of the US, Japan has become involved in the conflict. This report takes a closer look at Japan's various interests in the SCS region and its multilateral and bilateral policies to pursue these interests. The author considers whether Japan's proclaimed 'proactive peace diplomacy' may contribute to a reduction of tensions or whether it will exacerbate the situation as the Chinese government is asserting." (author's abstract)

"Maritime and territorial disputes in Asia could trigger a military conflict between China and the United States. China has been quarreling with Japan and the Philippines over islands and islets in the East and South China Seas. Tokyo and Manila have alliance ties with Washington and the United States could be entangled in their allies' conflict. The author describes the alliance agreements that could apply and assesses what the treaties say and how the involved actors interpret them. He discusses how the disputants and the United States understand the alliances and their applicability to the disputes." (author's abstract)

American Indians experience forms of domination and resist them through a wide range of decolonizing processes that are commonly overlooked, misidentified, or minimally analyzed by American sociology. This inattention reflects the naturalizing use of minoritizing frameworks regarding tribal members and ethnic rather than political conceptions of American Indian nationhood, membership, and identity. Drawing upon a settler colonial framework, the author uses an analytic typology to identify particular dimensions of settler colonialism, their manifestations, and indigenous action addressing those forms of power. Implications for race and ethnic scholarship and for indigenous participation in racial politics are considered.

Using declassified British government files at the National Archives, the author shows how the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, which overthrew the radical government of Maurice Bishop and the New Jewel Movement, was not the first time that such an invasion was contemplated in Grenada's recent history. The UK had had an almost identical plan to land a battalion of troops on Grenada a decade earlier, on the very eve of independence, to ensure the continuation in power of the dictatorial Eric Gairy, should the widespread unrest across the island lead to his ousting.

AbstractGiven the prevalence of informality, this article proposes a typology for classifying countries by the extent and nature of employment in the informal economy, rather than by the composition of their formal economies. The author analyses ILO data on employment in the informal economy in 36 developing countries, and shows that there is a significant correlation between cross‐national variations in the degree and intensity of informalization and cross‐national variations in social and economic indicators such as levels of GNP per capita, corruption, poverty, taxation and social contributions. The article concludes by discussing implications for theory and policy.

The Viennese critic and author Hans Weigel is well known for his forays into Cold War politics after 1947, such as the Brecht boycott he helped organize in Viennese theaters in the early 1950s. He is also known as a mentor to aspiring young authors of the early postwar period, such as Ingeborg Bachmann, Ilse Aichinger, and many others. That these two aspects of Weigel's activity on the Viennese cultural scene after 1945 were essentially inseparable is, however, less well known. This article examines how the political vagaries of the Cold War informed and influenced Weigel's work with younger authors.

The author examined what and how factors affect the employment status of Taiwanese college students with disabilities in the 1st year after graduation. The results demonstrated that (a) perceived acceptance by society and the employment market (ASEM) was the major factor affecting the employment status of individuals with disabilities (IWDs); (b) perceived ASEM influenced IWDs' psychological states, attitudes, and life‐planning styles, as well as their attitudes and strategies in job searching; and (c) the effect of IWDs' acceptance expectations on their employment development can be explained by the self‐fulfilling prophecy.

AbstractThis article analyses representations of the indentured woman in the Hindi print-public sphere of colonial north India in the early twentieth century. There have been sophisticated studies on the condition of Indian women in the plantation colonies of the British Empire, this article focuses instead on the vernacular world within India, showing how the transnational movements of these women emigrants led to animated discussions, in which they came to be constructed as both innocent victims and guilty migrants, insiders and outsiders. The ways in which these mobile women came to be represented reveal significant intersections between nation, gender, caste, sexuality, and morality. It also demonstrates how middle-class Indian women attempted to establish bonds of diasporic sisterhood with low-caste indentured women, bonds that were also deeply hierarchical. In addition, the article attempts to grasp the subjective experiences of Dalit migrant, and potentially migrant, women themselves, and illustrates their ambivalences of identity in particularly gendered ways.

This article studies the ideology of Ukrainian nationalism applying a model of "ideological morphology" to the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). Using nationalist press and archival materials, the author analyzes core and peripheral concepts of OUN's ideology. The findings reveal that in 1930s — early 1940s the morphological structure of OUN's ideology was fascist. However, after 1943 some peripheral concepts came to substitute the fascist core, which led to a splinter within the OUN and subsequent democratization of the one on its factions. The study offers theoretical explanations of ideological metamorphosis applying a constructivist approach.

Abstract
Inquisition procedure at the Holy Office - Legal Facets and Perspectives of analysis. The present essay examines institutional and normative aspects as well as the structure and the procedure of the Holy Office in condemning heresy, with a special focus on the 19th century. Beginning with a description of heresy and its relevance for criminal policy, the author considers the Inquisition not only as a tribunal with its own rules, but also as an institution that was integrated into a general legal system, which therefore cannot be understood as an impermeable and completely separated institution.

This essay is a personal reflection on how Horn's scholarship on gender, sexuality, and performance in the hispanophone Caribbean has been shaped by the oeuvre of the late critical theorist José E. Muñoz. In particular, Horn compares and contrasts the uses of "hybridity" and "performance" in Muñoz's work to the work of Antonio Benítez-Rojo, another Cuban/Cuban American scholar who has foregrounded the role of performance in the Caribbean. The author furthermore suggests how Muñoz's later critical work on subjectivity, sexuality, and evidence speaks to queer Dominican cultures, experiences, and epistemologies.

Abstract
The paper offers a brief review of ethnological studies conducted in Slovakia in relation to the main theoretical directions in medical anthropology. This sub-discipline of social/cultural anthropology has not yet been established in Slovakia owing to local scientific traditions. The author covers ethnographic studies conducted in Slovakia that might be considered relevant to this field and places them in the context of developments in anthropology in central and eastern Europe. Ethnological work and empirical findings obtained in related social disciplines may motivate future inquiry. Recent ethnological studies have followed a new direction in research and suggest the beginnings of medical anthropology in Slovakia.