Suchergebnisse

The paper proposes three different kinds of science models as value-added services that are integrated in the retrieval process to enhance retrieval quality. The paper discusses the approaches Search Term Recommendation, Bradfordizing and Author Centrality on a general level and addresses implementation issues of the models within a real-life retrieval environment.

This article about the education system of San Marino is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the background, structure and further characteristics of the Sammarese education system. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

This article about the education system of Monaco is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the background, structure and specific features of the Monegasque education system including vocational and post-secondary training. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

This article about the education system of the Faroe Islands is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the background and the characteristics of the Faroese education system including vocational and higher education. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

In view of the different national education systems of modern Europe comparable features of diversity can be observed, as well as a wide range of similarities, e.g. compulsory school attendance, the horizontally structured school system or core subjects. "In the current period education systems are affected by growing influence of global changes, concerning both their internal processes and their positions in the perceptions by the society." The author points out that since this trend is marked by strong dynamism, exact predictions on times to come are very difficult; thus his "predictions at the beginning of the 21st century" are made "on the provison that they need to be revised even in the near future." The author's considerations are focused on the following criteria which mirror trends to be observed in all European education systems: Educational sovereignty; opening of schools; curriculum development; intercultural socialisation and education; teaching profession and teacher education. In an exemplary excursion into the comparative domain Europe as educational space in its own right is compared to the United States, Australia and Canada. The author concludes with remarks on the global dimension of European education. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

The article presents theoretical and methodical grounds for identification of the subject of public opinion. The author finds out that functional features of public opinion determine the features of subjects too. These features tell about the subject range, structure, how it is organized, how it exerts influence on human behavior and activity of the social institutions which have the status of public opinion object.

This article about the education system of Andorra is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the history, development, structure and administration of the Andorran education system which includes three different public school systems (French, Spanish and Andorran) and the University of Andorra. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

The author discusses a sociological understanding of the social institution notion. Analysis of corresponding ideas by E. Durkheim, M. Weber, G. Mead, and T. Parsons reveals various meanings that were con sidered to be scientific milestones. According to classical traditions, institutions are regarded as complex mechanisms for regulation of not uniform inner social orders. Modern institutional approach to social research deals with existing institutional complexes, transform ing institutional conditions and institutional actions by individuals and groups.

In recent years, reported violence, both physical and psychological, against journalists in Germany and the United States has increased threateningly. This development needs to be reviewed in more detail, since freedom of speech and freedom of the press in journalism particularly serve the public interest by fulfilling fundamental democratic tasks. The so-called chilling effect describes how pressure and threats of violence can influence journalists' work and cause changes in content and style of reporting. This development is especially problematic, as it interferes with the most basic societal functions of journalism. To explore these developments, a qualitative study of the situation in Germany and the United States was conducted to determine whether editorial work in news reporting is already influenced by violence against journalists. Data for this study was collected in guided qualitative interviews with 22 journalists from Germany and the United States. The study reveals that the most common consequence of increasing violence is the implementation of a wide range of security measures by journalists and news organizations. Nevertheless, effects on reporting are mostly denied. The research unfolds that there is a wide range of individual experiences with violence and consequences for journalistic work. This demonstrates the relevance of further research in this area in order not to endanger the press and freedom of expression in democracies.

This article is devoted to consideration of the forth-social effects, which resulted the market institutionalization in post-Soviet Ukrainian society. The main effects are the change of the forms of social alienation and the formation of a socioeconomic thresh old of exploitation, as against the organizational-bureaucratic exploitation inherent in the Soviet society, the displayed social cleavage on a line of the social alienation and the socioeconomic exploitation, the active symbolical struggle for legitimization of the specific discourses of the market, and the formation of a class system of the post-Soviet society as a system of the alternative social forces. These effects become the result of an indemnification of those structural— cultural "failures", which were comprised by a so cial system of a Soviet type. The author confirms that the post-socialist transformation has been developed as a spontaneous process of "alignment" of social space, before pulled together to one social pole — "nomenclature" class. Thus the "alignment" is a returning of the social space to a complex, emergence, dynamic balance, which is inherent to the complex social phenomenon. The author considers the market institutionalization as a compensator reaction of a Soviet type of industrial society, which exhausted its internal resources and was compelled to rush in search of other necessary resources of development. It is considered in what way the social cleavage is institutionalizing in the forms of a specific class position and practice.

In the article the role of the social pedagogue in the interaction of family as the first public step in a person's life is discussed. More than that, the family is considered as a social institute, which helps in the process of children's socialization, and where the first sustainable impressions about the world are formed. The author also reveals the role of school. The article discusses the problem of educating the younger generation in terms of relationships between families and schools, taking into account those features that are peculiar to different types of families in Russia.

"The author assesses in his chapter contribution the European Neighbourhood Policy (EPN) of the EU. With aspirations to become a global power, the EU designed the ENP with the main objective to have an impact on neighboring countries' democratization. This chapter investigates in detail the limitations and shortcomings of the ENP. It does so by applying a case study of the EU's insufficient impact on democratization and stabilization in the Ukraine, a significant neighborhood partner of the EU. Equally, this contribution has the goal to reveal a contradiction between the EU's normative vision and its security demands." (author's abstract)

From political practitioners' point of view the pre-election campaign publicity is a complicated political phenomenon and at the same time the process built upon the rules of political communication that fulfills a number of consistent functions during campaign. Among these functions are: political party, new election bloc or separate candidate's name identification; election bloc and can didate's im age building; election platform identification, issue development and exploitation; campaign messages symbolization and advertising as well as others. The author came to the conclusion that these types of factors in most cases motivate voter choices in elections in Ukraine.

The article is written in form of pseudo dialogue between sociologist and lawyer. The data of interrogation of Kharkiv region in habitants in few indicators is showed in the article:
1. A part of victimized residents during last 12 months (population's victimization proportion).
2. General quantity of reported crimes during survey.
3. Quantity of police reports.
4. Degree of latency.
The so called "Latency paradox" as a world-view and as a methodological problem is discussed in the article. The author maintains the thought about necessity of developing the domestic sociology of crime in cooperation with other criminal-law disciplines.

The EU's scientific potential is increasingly flowing into the world of new scientific knowledge. The object of this paper is the communication interpretation of the Open Science policy, covering not only access and storage of scientific information and preservation of scientific information, but communication aspects also. Purpose of the study: Establish modern trends in the scientific ecosystem oriented towards facilitating the publication and communication of scientific results. Tasks of the study: Compare new solutions in science communication models in the most popular platforms, and explore what is the alternative to traditional scientific journals. Methodology/approach: The qualitative systematic review (qualitative evidence synthesis), scientific criticism of sociological surveys, methods of analytic and synthetic processing of primary and secondary resources, secondary data analysis and overview of scientific publications available in the libraries worldwide, have been used to obtain data about the impact of new EU solutions: the European Road Map for development of the European Research Area (ERA), the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, etc. A comparative analysis of innovation in publishing platforms was conducted with special attention to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Gates Open Research platform. Results: The creators of the Gates Open Research platform defend the view of the rapid and socially beneficial effect of new and publicly-accepted scientific knowledge. The cutting-edge solutions are: transfer power from the hands of editors to the hands of the authors; minimize barriers or gatekeepers on the path of the new scientific outcome for society; assessment of the research not in view of the venue of publication but on the basis of the intrinsic value of the completed study; minimize the funds invested in publishing and dissemination. Implications: The conclusions can be important in identifying technological and ideological regularities for optimizing the model of scientific publications and increasing the speed and visibility of any scientific news.