Political attention has increasingly focused on limiting warming to 2êC. However, to date the only mitigation commitments accompanying this target are the so-called Copenhagen pledges, and these pledges appear to be inconsistent with the 2êC objective. Diverging opinions on whether this inconsistency can or should be resolved have been expressed. This paper clarifies the alternative assumptions underlying these diverging view points and explicits their implications. It first gives simple visualizations of the challenge posed by the 2êC target. It then proposes a decision tree, linking different beliefs on climate change, the achievability of different policies, and current international policy dynamics to various options to move forward on climate change.
Paper 1: San Francisco Peak: a plea to protect. This is a study done for the Plateau Sciences Society. It lists names of people (residing in the eastern part of Navajo-land) and their personal opinions. It gives an account on the importance the mountain ha
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a cell-secreted protein that participates in the axonal guidance pathways. Sema3A acts as a canonical repulsive axon guidance molecule, inhibiting CNS regenerative axonal growth and propagation. Therefore, interfering with Sema3A signaling is proposed as a therapeutic target for achieving functional recovery after CNS injuries. It has been shown that Sema3A adheres to the proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and selectively binds to heparin and chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). We hypothesize that the biologically relevant interaction between Sema3A and GAGs takes place at Sema3A C-terminal polybasic region (SCT). The aims of this study were to characterize the interaction of the whole Sema3A C-terminal polybasic region (Sema3A 725–771) with GAGs and to investigate the disruption of this interaction by small molecules. Recombinant Sema3A basic domain was produced and we used a combination of biophysical techniques (NMR, SPR, and heparin affinity chromatography) to gain insight into the interaction of the Sema3A C-terminal domain with GAGs. The results demonstrate that SCT is an intrinsically disordered region, which confirms that SCT binds to GAGs and helps to identify the specific residues involved in the interaction. NMR studies, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, show that a new peptoid molecule (CSIC02) may disrupt the interaction between SCT and heparin. Our structural study paves the way toward the design of new molecules targeting these protein–GAG interactions with potential therapeutic applications. ; This work was funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Project VISION, grant No. 304884, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/Spanish Research Agency (MCI/AEI/FEDER, RTI2018–096182-B-I00) and AGAUR (2017 SGR 208). ; Peer reviewed
"11 December 1978." ; Shipping list no.: 89-483-P. ; "Reprint which includes current pages from changes 1 and 2." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 14
10 páginas.- 4 figuras.- referencias.-Data Availability Statement: All data underlying this article are available in the main publication and in its Supplementary Materials online. ; Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), the extracellular enzymes capable of oxygenating a potpourri of aliphatic and aromatic substrates with a peroxide as co-substrate, come out with a new reaction: carbon-chain shortening during the conversion of fatty acids with the well-known UPOs from Coprinopsis cinerea (rCciUPO) and Cyclocybe (Agrocybe) aegerita (AaeUPO). Although a pathway (Cα-oxidation) for shortening the hydrocarbon chain of saturated fatty acids has already been reported for the UPO from Marasmius rotula (MroUPO), it turned out that rCciUPO and AaeUPO shorten the chain length of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in a different way. Thus, the reaction sequence does not necessarily start at the Cα-carbon (adjacent to the carboxyl group), as in the case of MroUPO, but proceeds through the subterminal (ω-1 and ω-2) carbons of the chain via several oxygenations. This new type of shortening leads to the formation of a dicarboxylic fatty acid reduced in size by two carbon atoms in the first step, which can subsequently be further shortened, carbon by carbon, by the UPO Cα-oxidation mechanism. View Full-Text ; This research was funded by BioBased Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, grant number 792063 (SusBind project; https://susbind.eu; to A.G., Á.T.M. and M.H.), the PID2020-118968RB-100 project by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 to A.G., and the CSIC projects PIE-202040E185 (to A.G.) and PIE-202120E019 (to Á.T.M.). ; Peer reviewed
At the end of the 1870s, the oppressive policies of the Argentine State were intensified towards the indigenous people linked to the Southern Border, visible in the punitive expeditions of 1878-1879. In the case of theranqueles, located in the centralPampa, these actions were part of previous strategies of attrition, carried out by the military commanders ofSan LuisandCórdobathrough the diplomatic channel, softening campaigns and co-optation of contingents who, both forced and voluntarily, migrated to the fortsVilla MercedesandSarmiento. From a line of investigation that seeks to reconstruct the itineraries of theranquelessubmitted in the aforementioned context, the article characterizes the imprisonment of the indigenous people taken by the 3rd Expeditionary Division (April-August 1879) under the leadership of Colonel Eduardo Racedo. Its purpose is to describe their living conditions while they were in thePitral Lauquencamp (nearPoitagué), understanding that it simultaneously acted as a place of concentration and distribution of prisoners. ; Al terminar la década de 1870 se intensificaron las políticas opresivas del Estado argentino para con los indígenas ligados a la Frontera Sur, visibles en las expediciones punitivas de 1878-1879. En el caso de los ranqueles, situados en la pampa central, estas acciones se enmarcan en estrategias previas de desgaste ejecutadas por los mandos militares de San Luis y Córdoba a través de la vía diplomática, las campañas de ablandamiento y cooptación de contingentes que migrabande manera forzaday por presentación a los fuertes Villa Mercedes y Sarmiento. Desde una línea de investigación que busca reconstruir los itinerarios de los ranqueles sometidos en ese contexto, el artículo caracteriza elaprisionamiento de los indígenas tomados por la 3aDivisión Expedicionaria (abril-agosto de 1879) bajo el liderazgo del coronel Eduardo Racedo. Su finalidad es describir sus condiciones de vida mientras estuvieron depositados en el campamento Pitral Lauquen (cercano a Poitagué), lugar de concentración y distribución de prisioneros.
The Tweed Family Papers consists primarily of correspondence between Mrs. Richard Tweed and her children, relatives, and friends. Diaries, essays and poetry written by family members, newspaper clippings (photocopies), and financial and legal material are also included, as are a handful of photographs. All related primarily to the life of Mrs. Richard Tweed and her descendants. ; Mrs. Richard Tweed, upon whom the majority of the materials focus, was the sister-in-law of William Marcy ("Boss") Tweed, who controlled the Democratic political machine at New York City's Tammany Hall during the mid-19th century. He and his associates misappropriated public funds on a large scale, leading to his arrest and imprisonment in 1871. ; The Tweed Family Papers are organized by the following categories: Correspondence, Newspapers, Literary Production, Photographs, Financial Material, Printed Material, Scrapbook Material, Legal Material, and Artifacts. ; Tweed Family Papers, 1836-1932 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas ; Box 1, File 14
The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Pendleton Cemetery #678, Pendleton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Brown, E. A. ; Abilene Cemetery #138, Abilene, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Thomas, J. W. ; Abilene Cemetery #138, Abilene, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Thomas, J. H. ; Weiland Cemetery #578, Weiland, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Phillips, Robt Jackson. ; King Cemetery #685, Coryell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Moseley, Elisha Alfred. ; Norton Cemetery #915, Runnels County, Texas | Veterans Interred: McDaniel, James M. ; Dickens Cemetery #340, Dickens, Dickens County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Sheilds, Thos. Jefferson. ; Shady Grove Cemetery #634, Wood County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Crone, Franklin M. ; Shady Grove Cemetery #634, Wood County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Jarred, James. ; Shady Grove Cemetery #634, Wood County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Brawning, Thomas. ; Moody Cemetery #28, Moody, McLennon County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Phillips, A. J. ; Weiland Cemetery #578, Weiland, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Cummings, Henry. ; Weiland Cemetery #578, Weiland, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Elledge, W. W. ; Forrest Park Cemetery #582, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: McMillan, Lee G. ; Abilene Cemetery #138, Abilene, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Thomas, J. W. ; East Mt. Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Fountain E. P.
"This material appeared originally in Public documents . It was privately reprinted without change in 1935, was revised and published by the Library of Congress in 1939 and is here reissued with slight revision of the introductory section."--p. [2] ; At head of title: Library of Congress. Division of documents. ; Mode of access: Internet.
The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Hogeye Cemetery #759, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Tatom, Felix G. ; Wesley Chpl. Cemetery #773, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Byars, Daniel W. ; Panhandle Cemetery #193, Panhandle, Carson County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Jameson, Wm. Savage. ; Miami Cemetery #202, Miami, Roberts County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Whatley, John Williams. ; Highland Cemetery #154, Stanford, Haskell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Self, John M. ; Highland Cemetery #154, Stanford, Haskell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Buie, Archibald. ; Terrace Cemetery #377, Post, Garza County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Smith, Isaac. ; McWright Cemetery #573, Greenville, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: VanCleave, George W. ; Forrest Prk Cemetery #582, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Ende, Fred Von. ; East Mount Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Robey, James Garrison. ; East Mount Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Lamar, J. H. ; East Mount Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Latimer, Isham Pruitt. ; East Mount Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Gee, Robert B. ; Quay Cemetery #722, Quay County, New Mexico. ; Graham Point Cemetery #756, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: VanCleave, Wm. Grenade. ; Hooker Ridge Cemetery #760, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Fortenberry, Oliver A. ; Plainview Cemetery #317, Plainview, Hale County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Howell, Alfred T. ; Kress Cemetery #186, Kress, Swisher County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Askey, James Harrison. ; West Park Cemetery #184, Hereford, Deaf Smith County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Rector, Thos. K. ; Dreamland Cemetery #192, Canyon, Randall County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Slack, Oliver Perry. ; Rosston Cemetery #1048, Rosston, Cooke County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Glover, Isaac. ; East Mount Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Arnold, Marcellus M. ; Kelly Cemetery #763, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Walker, Wesley Clark. ; Shiloh Cemetery #591, Campbell, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Voyles, Rudolphus. ; Abilene Cemetery #1138, Abilene, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Sorelle, Wiley H.
For ensuring full access to the journal's contents, we provide this link in order to download the full issue. ; Para facilitar al máximo el acceso de los lectores a los contenidos de laRevista Universitaria de Historia Militarproporcionamos este enlace directo para la descarga del número completo.
This article provides a biographical look at the American author James Fenimore Cooper. It traces his roots from his youth in Cooperstown—named after his father William—to his ill-timed naval career, and on to his time as a self-conscious novelist.