Suchergebnisse

Contents : Foreword by Janez Potocnik and Julia Okatz -- 1. Introduction and overview / Miguel Brandão, David Lazarevic and Göran Finnveden -- Part I: Fundamentals of the circular economy -- 2. The circular economy: a strategy to reconcile economic and environmental objectives? / David Lazarevic and Miguel Brandão -- 3. The circular economy as a complex adaptive system / Jouni Korhonen -- 4. The role of design as a barrier to and enabler of the circular economy / Deborah Andrews -- 5. Industrial symbiosis networks: application of the circular economy for resource efficiency / Michael Martin -- 6. Product service systems: business models towards a circular economy / Sofia Lingegård -- 7. Consumers in the circular economy / Juana Camacho-Otero, Vivian S.C. Tunn, Lucy Chamberlin and Casper Boks -- Part II: Assessing the impacts of a circular economy -- 8. Material flow analysis of recycling systems / Sarah Schmidt and David Laner -- 9. An element flow analysis approach to support the circular economy / Rajib Sinha, Rafael Laurenti, Jagdeep Singh and Björn M. Frostell -- 10. Modelling material recycling in life cycle assessment: how sensitive are results to the available methods? / Tomas Ekvall and Miguel Brandão -- 11. Environmental economic assessment of novel circular economy and bioeconomy technologies / Mikael Skou Andersen and Louise Martinsen -- 12. Integrated sustainability assessment of a circular economy / Kristian Skånberg, Anders Wijkman, Mårten Berglund, Göran Finnveden and Miguel Brandão -- 13. Sex, drugs and the circular economy: the social impacts of the circular economy and how to measure them / Kati Pitkänen, Tiina Kaisa Maria Karppinen, Petrus Kautto, Sara Turunen, Jachym Judl and Tuuli Myllymaa -- 14. Why and how actors and organizations need to be integrated into a systems-level monitoring for a sustainable circular economy / Dominik Wiedenhofer, Stefan Pauliuk, Andreas Mayer, Doris Virág and Willi Haas -- 15. Circular economy rebound / Jason Maier, Roland Geyer and Trevor Zink -- Part III: Governing the circular economy -- 16. Between a policy mix and a policy mess : policy instruments and instrumentation for the circular economy / Petrus Kautto and David Lazarevic -- 17. The missing link: regulating waste-based materials in the circular economy / Topi Turunen -- 18. Building ecologies of circular intermediaries / Jack Barrie and Wisdom Kanda -- 19. Transforming business models: towards a sufficiency-based circular economy / Nancy M.P. Bocken and Samuel W. Short -- 20. Putting circular ambitions into action: the case of Accus, a small Swedish sign company / Hervé Corvellec, Maira Babri and Herman I. Stål -- 21 from waste management to natural capital management in the circular economy / Graham Aid and David Lazarevic -- 22 refurbishing the 'circular economy' concept in Russia: From industrial policy towards innovation by co-creation / Darya Gerasimenko, Ekaterina Markelova and Raisa Momot -- 23 the circular economy at the heart of French sustainable public policies: What are the consequences? / Nicolas Buclet -- 24 how portugal is applying the circular challenge / Carlos Borrego, Sandra Rafael, Sílvia Coelho, Bruno Augusto, Afonso Silva, Johnny Reis, Ana Isabel Miranda and Myriam Lopes -- Part IV: Sectoral and business case studies -- 25 what circular economy measures fit what kind of product? / Anne-Marie Tillman, Siri Willskytt, Daniel Böckin, Hampus André and Maria Ljunggren Söderman -- 26 circular manufacturing systems / Amir Rashid, Malvina Roci and Farazee M.A. Asif -- 27 the circular nutrient economy: Needs and potentials of nutrient recycling / Helena Valve, Petri Ekholm and Sari Luostarinen -- 28 understanding forest-based value creation in a regional context / Antje Klitkou -- 29 bioenergy in the circular economy / Annette Cowie -- 30 do bioenergy, bioeconomy and circular economy systems mitigate climate change? Insights from life cycle assessment / Miguel Brandão -- 31 straw wars - a consequential saga: The life cycle climate change consequences of replacing plastic with paper / Simon Hoge and Miguel Brandão -- 32 circularity in the built environment: A call for a paradigm shift / Tove Malmqvist, Alice Moncaster, Freja Rasmussen and Harpa Birgisdóttir -- 33 implementation of a circular economy at universities / Joan Manuel F. Mendoza, Alejandro Gallego-Schmid and Adisa Azapagic -- 34 a life cycle perspective on the environmental aspects of complex, emerging resource recovery systems: The case of bauxite residue / P. James Joyce and Anna Björklund -- 35 urban mining: On the potential and multifaceted challenges of facilitating recycling of wire-based city infrastructure / Joakim Krook, Björn Wallsten, Niclas Svensson and Stefan Anderberg -- Part V: Prospects -- 36 beyond the consumer: Enlarging the role of the citizen in the circular economy / Kersty Hobson -- 37 managing the transition to the circular economy / Patrizia Ghisellini and Sergio Ulgiati -- 38 prospects for the circular economy and conclusions / Miguel Brandão, David Lazarevic and Göran Finnveden -- Index.

Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents in Brief -- Contents -- General Introduction / Ford, Janet / Reifner, Udo -- European Declaration for Social Consumer Rights -- Volume I: Social Banking and New Poverty -- Part I: Economic Development and Private Indebtedness -- Chapter 1. Social Banking and New Poverty - Towards a New Approach in Law and Economics / Reifner, Udo -- Chapter 2. Towards a Progressive Market / Ekins, Paul -- Chapter 3. Economics and social problems / Rothschild, Kurt W. -- Chapter 4. Consumer Credit and Human Capital in Germany / Reis, Claus -- Chapter 5. Credit, Debt and Financial Control in Great Britain / Conaty, Pat -- Chapter 6. Financial Services - Who Will Gain from the Single Market? / Vogler, Heinz -- Part II: New Technologies and Consumer Debts -- Chapter 7. Credit Cards, New Technology and Consumer Debt / Mitchell, Jeremy -- Chapter 8. Indebtedness by Credit Cards in the Federal Republic of Germany? / Godschalk, Hugo T. C. -- Chapter 9. Credit Card Mania in America / Caplovitz, David -- Part III: Trade Unions, Consumer Unions and the Poor -- Chapter 10. Whose Agenda? Whose Resources? Whose Initiative? / Gibson, Tony -- Chapter 11. Trade-Unions, Unemployment and the Unemployed in Germany / Mattfeldt, Harald -- Chapter 12. Consumer Organizations and the Struggle Against Poverty - The Example of Konsumenten Kontakt in the Netherlands / Nagel, K.P. -- Chapter 13. Credit for Poor People - Abolishing or Solving the Problem? / Simpson, Robin -- Part IV: Ethical Banking - New Forms of a Social Market Economy -- Chapter 14. Ethical Banking / Ekins, Paul -- Chapter 15. Alternative Banking and Ethical Investment / Dauncey, Guy -- Chapter 16. Bright Ideas and Empty Pockets: Overview of Development Banking in the UK / Dabson, Brian -- Chapter 17. Shorebank Corporation: A Private Sector Banking Initiative to Renew Distressed Communities / Shapiro, Joan -- Chapter 18. The Mondragon Bank and the Cooperative Movement in Euskadia / Ortiz de Zarate, Antonio Matías / Galdos Loyola, Elena -- Chapter 19. Socially Directed Investment - And its Potential Role in Local Development / Robertson, James -- Part V. Social Discrimination and Over-Indebtedness -- Chapter 20. Changing Labour Market Structures and Over-Indebtedness / Ford, Janet -- Chapter 21. Indebtedness of Offenders / Freytag, Harald -- Chapter 22. Divorce and Consumer Debts in Germany: The Unequal Allocation of Risks Between Women and Men / Böhmcker, Susanne -- Part VI: Housing Debts -- Chapter 23. Introduction / Ford, Janet -- Chapter 24. Mortgage Loans: Some Consumer Concerns -- Chapter 25. Buyers of Residential Property - Their Situation in the Province of Grande-Synthe -- Chapter 26. Distressed Constructional Financing / Kaatz, Ruth / Reifner, Udo / Sönksen, Inken / Schulz-Rackoll, Rolf -- Chapter 27. Mortgage Debt in the United Kingdom / Johnson, Simon -- Part VII: Personal Bankruptcy -- Chapter 28. Personal Bankruptcy in America / Caplovitz, David -- Chapter 29. Discharge for Bankrupt Individuals under the German Bankruptcy Law Reform / Balz, Manfred -- Chapter 30. Prospects for Statutory Consumer Debts Arrangement in the Netherlands / Huls, Nick -- Volume II: Overdebtedness, Unemployment and Policy Responses - National Reports -- Chapter 31. The Social Costs of Europe - General Report on Consumer Debts in Europe / Ford, Janet / Morin, Anne / Martin, Chantal / Dejemeppe, Pierre / Reifner, Udo / Bourgoignie, Thierry -- Chapter 32. Debts and Depression - A Survey of Austrian Debtors and the Unemployed / Mitter, Gemot / Schönbauer, Ulrich / Wimmer, Sigrid / Repl, Jutta / Graf, Georg / Mayer, Gottfried / Hanak, Gerhard / Morawetz, Inge -- Chapter 33. Consumer Credit in Belgium - Old Laws and New Problems / Domont-Naert, Françoise / Dejemeppe, Pierre -- Chapter 34. Unemployment, Debt and the Legal Principle of 'Social Force Majeure' in Finland / Wilhelmsson, Thomas -- Chapter 35. Minimum Wages, Rate Ceilings and Social Solidarity against Poverty - Unemployment and Consumer Debts in France / Auclair, Elizabeth -- Chapter 36. The Private Debt Crisis in a Prosperous Environment: Germany / Reifner, Udo / Eichler-Weiskorn, Thomas -- Chapter 37. Private and Public Concerns - Unemployment, Credit and Debt in Britain: An Overview / Conaty, Pat / Ford, Janet / Johnson, Simon / Kruse, John / Woodall, Phil -- Chapter 38. From Savings to Credit - Unemployment and Consumer Debts in Italy -- Chapter 39. Careful Lenders and Social Security - Trends in Unemployment, Consumer Credit and Debt in the Netherlands / Rodrigues, Peter R. / Jan Schep, Gerrit / Huls, Nick J.H. -- Chapter 40. Legal Protection for the Overindebted and Unemployed in Norway / Petter Graver, Hans -- Chapter 41. Poverty and Debts - The Situation of Welfare Recipients and Debtors in Default in Sweden / Kauukonen, Katariina -- Chapter 42. 'Good' and 'Bad' Debts - Debtors' Protection and Pressure for Reform in Switzerland / Gründler, Peter -- Chapter 43. Consumer Credit Protection for Low Risk Consumers in a Free Market Economy - The US-Consumer Credit Protection Law / Spagnole, John A. -- Bibliography -- Addresses of Associations and Institutions which Support Social Banking -- Authors -- Index -- Index: Names and Organisations -- Backmatter

Machine generated contents note: pt. One From Colony to Nation (1608 -- 1776) -- 1.John Winthrop, John Cotton, and Nathaniel Niles: The Basic Principles of Puritan Political Thought / Michael J. Rosano -- 2.Thomas Hutchinson and James Otis on Sovereignty, Obedience, and Rebellion / Howard L. Lubert -- 3.Thomas Paine: The American Radical / John C. Koritansky -- 4.Benjamin Franklin: A Model American and an American Model / Steven Forde -- pt. Two The New Republic (1776 -- 1820) -- 5.Liberty, Constitutionalism, and Moderation: George Washington's Harmonizing of Traditions / Paul O. Carrese -- 6.John Adams and the Republic of Laws / Richard Samuelson -- 7.Legitimate Government, Religion, and Education: The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson / Aristide Tessitore -- 8.The Political Science of James Madison / Michael P. Zuckert -- 9.Alexander Hamilton on the Grand Strategy of Free Government / Karl-Friedrich Walling -- 10.America's Modernity: James Wilson on Natural Law and Natural Rights / Eduardo A. Velasquez -- 11.Anti-Federalist Political Thought: Brutus and The Federal Farmer / Murray Dry -- 12.The New Constitutionalism of Publius / James R. Stoner Jr. -- 13.Union, Constitutionalism, and the Judicial Defense of Rights: John Marshall / Matthew J. Franck -- pt. Three A Divided Nation (1820 -- 1865) -- 14.John Quincy Adams on Principle and Practice / David Tucker -- 15.Union and Liberty: The Political Thought of Daniel Webster / Sean Mattie -- 16.Henry Clay and the Statesmanship of Compromise / Kimberly C. Shankman -- 17.For Constitution and Country? John C. Calhoun, American Politics, and the Union / George D. Alecusan -- 18.The Art of the Judge: Justice Joseph Story and the Founders' Constitution / Peter Schotten -- 19.James Fenimore Cooper: Nature and Nature's God / John E. Alvis -- 20.Religion, Nature, and Disobedience in the Thought of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau / Bryan-Paul Frost -- 21."Proclaim Liberty throughout the Land": Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and the Abolition of Slavery / Richard S. Ruderman -- 22.Abraham Lincoln: The Moderation of a Democratic Statesman / Steven Kautz --pt. Four Growth of an Empire (1865 -- 1945) -- 23.Walt Whitman and Politics by Other Means / Peter S. Field -- 24.Feminism as an American Project: The Political Thought of Elizabeth Cady Stanton / Melissa S. Williams -- 25.Mark Twain on the American Character / David Foster -- 26.Pricking the Bubble of Utopian Sentiment: The Political Thought of William Graham Sumner / Lance Robinson -- 27.Booker T. Washington and the "Severe American Crucible" / Peter W. Schramm -- 28.Co-workers in the Kingdom of Culture: W. E. B. Du Bois's Vision of Race Synthesis / Jonathan Marks -- 29.Henry Adams and Our Ancient Faith / Christopher Flannery -- 30.Jane Addams as Civic Theorist: Struggling to Reconcile Competing Claims / Jean Bethke Elshtain -- 31.Herbert Croly's Progressive "Liberalism" / Thomas S. Engeman -- 32.Theodore Roosevelt and the Stewardship of the American Presidency / Jean M. Yarbrough -- 33.Woodrow Wilson, the Organic State, and American Republicanism / Ronald J. Pestritto -- 34.The Making of the Modern Supreme Court: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Louis D. Brandeis / David F. Forte -- 35.John Dewey's Alternative Liberalism / David Fott -- 36.Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Second Bill of Rights / Donald R. Brand -- pt. Five New Challenges at Home and Abroad (1945 -- present) -- 37.Ayn Rand: Radical for Capitalism / William R. Thomas -- 38.Walker Percy's American Thomism / Peter Augustine Lawler -- 39.Russell Kirk's Anglo-American Conservatism / James McClellan -- 40.The Two Revolutions of Martin Luther King, Jr. / Peter C. Myers -- 41.Malcolm X: From Apolitical Acolyte to Political Preacher / Lucas E. Morel -- 42.Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem: The Popular Transformation of American Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century / Daryl McGowan Tress -- 43."The Secret Heart of America": Lyndon Baines Johnson's Bold Synthesis of American Thought / James A. Morone -- 44.John Rawls's "Democratic" Theory of Justice / David Lewis Schaefer -- 45.Henry Kissinger: The Challenge of Statesmanship in Liberal Democracy / Peter Josephson -- 46.Irving Kristol and the Reinvigoration of Bourgeois Republicanism / Laurence D. Cooper -- 47.The Jurisprudence of William Joseph Brennan, Jr., and Thurgood Marshall / Bradley C. S. Watson -- 48.Ronald Reagan: Statesman and Original Political Thinker / Steven F. Hayward -- 49.The Textualist Jurisprudence of Antonin Scalia / Ralph A. Rossum --50."Yes, We Can": The Progressive Political Thought of Barack Obama / Jeffrey Sikkenga.

Introduction / Susan Rose-Ackerman, Peter Lindseth, and Blake Emerson -- Part I. Constitutional structure and administrative law : traditions and transformations -- 1. Révolution, rechtsstaat and the rule of law : historical reflections on the emergence and development of administrative law / Bernardo Sordi -- 2. Good-bye, Montesquieu / Bruce Ackerman -- 3. Politics and agencies in the administrative state : the U.S. case / Peter Strauss -- 4. Written constitutions and the administrative state : on the constitutional character of administrative law / Tom Ginsburg -- 5. Comparative positive political theory and empirics / M. Elizabeth Magill and Daniel R. Ortiz -- 6. The 'Neue Verwaltungsrechtswissenschaft' against the backdrop of traditional administrative law scholarship in Germany / Andreas Vosskuhle and Thomas Wischmeyer -- 7. Transformations of administrative law : Italy from a comparative perspective / Marco D'Alberti -- 8. Hungary's post-socialist administrative law regimes / Kriszta Kovács and Kim Lane Scheppele -- Part II. Administrative independence -- 9. The promise of comparative administrative law : a constitutional perspective on independent agencies / Daniel Halberstam -- 10. The puzzle of independence and parliamentary democracy in the common law world : a Canadian perspective / Lorne Sossin -- 11. Assessing the theory of presidential dominance : empirical evidence of the relationship between the executive branch and regulatory agencies in Brazil / Mariana Mota Prado -- 12. Experimenting with independent commission in a new democracy with a civil law tradition : the case of Taiwan / Jiunn-rong Yeh -- 13. Flag-bearers of a new era? : the evolution of new regulatory institutions in India (1991-2016) / Arun Kumar Thiruvengadam -- 14. A comparison of US and European independent commissions / Martin Shapiro -- Part III. Transparency, procedure, and policy-making -- 15. Citizens and technocrats : an essay on trust, public participation, and government legitimacy / Susan Rose-Ackerman -- 16. The rise of reason giving in American administrative law / Jerry Mashaw -- 17. The 2015 French code of administrative procedure : an assessment / Dominique Custos -- 18. Three generations of administrative procedures / Javier Barnes -- 19. Administrative agencies as creators of administrative law norms : evidence from the UK, France and Sweden / Dorit Rubinstein Reiss -- 20. Comparing regulatory oversight bodies : the US Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and the EU Regulatory Scrutiny Board / Jonathan B. Wiener -- 21. Looking for smarter government (and administrative law) in the age of uncertainty / Giulio Napolitano -- 22. Participation and expertise : judicial attitudes in comparative perspective / Catherine Donnelly -- Part IV. Administrative litigation and administrative law -- 23. Judicial review of questions of law : a comparative perspective / Paul Craig -- 24. Proportionality review in administrative law / Jud Mathews -- 25. Voidness and voidability of unilateral administrative acts in the Western tradition / Gabriel Bocksang Hola -- 26. The powers and duties of the French administrative judge / Jean Massot -- 27. Judicial review of agency action in the US and Israel : the choice between open and closed review / Michael Asimow and Yoav Dotan -- 28. The 'double helix' of process and substance review before the UK Competition Appeal Tribunal : a model case or a cautionary tale for specialist courts? / Athanasios Psygkas -- 29. Judicial deference to agency's discretion in new democracies : observations on constitutional decisions in Poland, Taiwan, and South Africa / Cheng-Yi Huang -- 30. Legal management of urban space in Japan and the role of the judiciary / Narufumi Kadomatsu -- 31. The courts and public space : France, the UK and the US in historical perspective / Thomas Perroud -- Part V. Administrative law and the boundaries of the state : Part A. Public and private -- 32. Three questions of privatization / Daphne Barek-Erez -- 33. Contracting out and 'public values' : a theoretical and comparative approach / Jean-Bernard Auby -- 34. Organizational structure and culture in an era of privatization : the case of United States military and security contractors / Laura A. Dickinson -- 35. Transnational non-state regulation and domestic administrative law / Victor V. Ramraj -- Part B. Administrative law beyond the state : the case of the EU -- 36. A framework for historical comparison of control of national, supranational and transnational public power / Peter Cane -- 37. EU agencies 2.0 : the new constitution of supranational administration beyond the EU commission / Johannes Saurer -- 38. Administrative discretion in the EU : comparative perspectives / Joana Mendes -- 39. Administrative law reform in the European Union : the ReNEUAL project and its basis in comparative legal studies / Herwig C.H. Hofmann and Jens-Peter Schneider -- 40. The constitutional basis of EU administrative law / Matthias Ruffert -- 41. What's in a label? : the EU as "administrative" and "constitutional" / Peter L. Lindseth.

Australia. 1. Memories of Singapore / Ted Delofski -- Bangladesh. 2. My experience as High Commissioner in Singapore / Kamrul Ahsan -- Belgium. 3. How do I see Singapore fifteen years after serving as ambassador of Belgium / Patrick Van Haute -- Brunei. 4. The Singapore experience / Dato Paduka Haji Mohd Yunos bin Haji Mohd Hussein -- Cambodia. 5. Singapore-Cambodia : a growing partnership / Roland Eng -- Canada. 6. The resilience of a nation / Doreen Steidle -- Chile. 7. Memories of Singapore / Juan Martabit -- China. 8. Lasting impressions of Singapore / Yang Wenchang -- 9. A country always on the move / Chen Baoliu -- Costa Rica. 10. Singapore, how to fly high and straight / Juan F. Cordero A. -- Denmark. 11. Singapore, a posting that became a home / Joergen Oerstroem Moeller -- Egypt. 12. The miracle known as Singapore / Mohamed Abdel Rehim El-Zorkany -- European Union. 13. Geography and destiny / Holger Standertskjold -- Finland. 14. Singapore on my mind... / Satu Mattila -- France. 15. Some of my best years as ambassador / Bernard de Montferrand -- Germany. 16. My impressions of Singapore / Volker Schlegel -- 17. The Singapore experience - love at second sight / Folkmar Stoecker -- 18. Singapore and globalisation: benchmarks set / Jorg Ranau -- India. 19. My days in Singapore - looking east and loving it / Prabhat Prakash Shukla -- 20. Singapore / T. C. A. Raghavan -- Indonesia. 21. My assignment in Singapore / Soedibyo Rahardjo -- Israel. 22. My life in Singapore - reminiscences / Amira Arnon -- Japan. 23. Building foundations for Japan and Singapore relations / Hiroshi Hashimoto. 24. My experience as ambassador of Japan to Singapore / Takaaki Kojima. 25. Singapore, what kind of a little red dot? / Yoichi Suzuki -- Kazakhstan. 26. In celebration of a Kazakhstan-Singapore partnership / Nurlan Yermekbayev -- Kuwait. 27. Thoughts, reflections, and experiences of the little red dot / Abdulaziz Ahmed Aladwani -- Laos. 28. My career in the Lao Foreign Affairs Ministry / Thouane Vorasarn -- Malaysia. 29. Sustaining Malaysia-Singapore relations - people of goodwill on both sides / Dato' N. Parameswaran -- Mexico. 30. The best for Singapore is yet to be / Eduardo Ramos-Gomez -- Myanmar. 31. Brand name Singapore / U Hla Thann -- New Zealand. 32. Recollections of a Singapore posting / Timothy Hannah -- Pakistan. 33. Manicured and choreographed: the story of effervescent Singapore / Sajjad Ashraf -- The Philippines. 34. My easiest diplomatic posting / Alberto A. Encomienda -- 35. Reflections / Minda Calaguian-Cruz -- Poland. 36. Singapore matters, indeed! / Boguslaw Marcin Majewski. 37. Chopin, football and diplomacy / Waldemar Dubaniowski -- Russia. 38. What does Singapore mean to me?: Memories of a former student of the Nanyang University who then became a Russian Ambassador to the Republic of Singapore / Mikhail M. Bely -- Saudia Arabia. 39. From Riyadh to Singapore / Mohamad Amin Kurdi -- South Africa. 40. Singapore - From "red dot" to "shining star" / Stefanus Johannes Schoeman -- South Korea. 41. Singapore as a little giant / Park Sang-seek. 42. My reflections on Singapore / Ryu Kwang-sok -- Sri Lanka. 43. Reflections on Singapore: three years and five months on the little red dot / Shehan Ratnavale -- Sweden. 44. The increasingly important role of diplomats in trade and investment promotion - Swedish experiences in Singapore / Par Ahlberger -- Switzerland. 45. The rewarding years in Singapore / Kurt Otto Wyss -- 46. Singapore and Switzerland - From inspiration to inspiration / Raymond Loretan -- 47. Singapore - In search of the body and the soul / Daniel Woker -- 48. Deep mutual respect: Policies and personalities make a difference / Jorg Alois Reding -- Thailand. 49. Singapore: An enriching experience professionally and personally / Somkiati Ariyapruchya -- Timor-Leste. 50. Fostering everlasting friendship and relations between Timor-Leste and Singapore / Roberto Soares -- Turkey. 51. Turkey and Singapore - A long and good relationship / Ahmet Bulent Meric -- Ukraine. 52. Singapore - A special place in my heart / Olexander Horin -- United Kingdom. 53. Two Singapores, twenty-five years apart / Michael Pike -- 54. Singapore at the turn of the century: A personal view / Alan Hunt -- 55. Raffles' legacy - Where East meets West / Paul Madden -- United States of America. 56. A remarkable red dot: An American view / J. Stapleton Roy -- 57. Building U.S.-Singapore ties through trade and investment / Steven Jay Green -- 58. Singapore diplomacy - A view from the other side / Frank Lavin -- 59. A multi-faceted career / Patricia Herbold -- Vietnam. 60. Singapore Island State - Asia's "European" metropolis / Nguyen Duc Hung -- 61. Building a new Singapore-Vietnam partnership / Duong Van Quang.

The ever increasing emission of carbon dioxide due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, unplanned tourism and alteration of land use pattern is causing unprecedented changes to marine biodiversity. Irrespective of political philosophy, nation, caste, sex and religion, mankind is under the appalling shadow of climate change. Today nature-based approaches for the mitigation of climate change are increasingly accepted as part of the low-cost solution. Thrust has been given by several scientific communities to assess the magnitude and viability of carbon sequestering potential of plants. Coastal producer communities like mangroves, salt marsh grass, seagrass beds, and seaweeds absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. This carbon known as the 'blue carbon' is thus associated with the marine and estuarine ecosystems. However, a number of gaps in our scientific knowledge on blue carbon domain still exist. Molluscs, coral reefs, phytoplankton, which are amongst the important storehouses of carbon, have not been addressed. Very few scientific studies on the carbon stored in these valuable natural vaults have been performed, and no data bank is available on their carbon sequestering capacity on global basis. The methodologies for assessing blue carbon stock also need further standardization so that credit from blue carbon reservoir is accepted by the International bodies in the form of a concrete policy. It is a matter of great appreciation that Conservation International (CI), the International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN), and the Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO is collaborating with governments, research institutions, non-governmental and international organizations, and communities around the world to develop management approaches, financial incentives and policy mechanisms for ensuring conservation and restoration of blue carbon ecosystems and implement projects around the world that demonstrate the feasibility of blue carbon accounting, management, and incentive agreements. The present book has critically presented the data bank for each community of blue carbon not merely in the form of text description, but also through case studies that are the outcomes of research projects and pilot programmes. Dr. Abhijit Mitra, Associate Professor and former Head, Dept. of Marine Science, University of Calcutta (INDIA) has been active in the sphere of Oceanography since 1985. He obtained his Ph. D as NET qualified scholar in 1994. Since then he joined Calcutta Port Trust and WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature-India), in various capacities to carry out research programmes on environmental science, biodiversity conservation, climate change and carbon sequestration. Presently Dr. Mitra is serving as the advisor of Oceanography Division of Techno India University, Kolkata. He has to his credit about 274 scientific publications in various National and International journals, and 26 books of postgraduate standards. Dr. Mitra is presently the member of several committees like PACON International, IUCN, SIOS, Mangrove Society of India etc. and has successfully completed about 16 projects on biodiversity loss in fishery sector, coastal pollution, aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Mitra also visited as faculty member and invited speaker in several Universities of Singapore, Kenya, Oman and USA. In 2008 Dr. Mitra was invited as visiting fellow at University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA to deliver a series of lecture on Climate Change. Dr. Mitra also successfully guided 22 Ph.D students. Presently his research areas include environmental science, mangrove ecology, sustainable aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Sufia Zaman, presently serving as Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Oceanography in Techno India University (Kolkata) started her career in the field of Marine Science since 2001. She worked in the rigorous region of Indian Sundarbans and has wide range of experience in exploring the floral and faunal diversity of Sundarbans. She has published 1 book on carbon sequestration, 45 scientific papers and contributed chapters in several books on biodiversity, environmental science, aquaculture and livelihood development. Dr. Zaman is presently a member of Fisheries Society of India. She is also running projects on carbon sequestration by mangroves of Indian Sundarbans. She is the recipient of DST Women Scientist and Jawaharlal Memorial Doctoral fellowship awards. Her areas of research include aquaculture, fish nutrition, phytoplankton diversity, climate change and mangrove ecology. Dr. Zaman is also the first researcher in the maritime state of West Bengal (India), who initiated trial experiments on iron fertilization and subsequent enhancement of primary (phytoplankton) and secondary (fish) productions in the brackish water ponds of Indian Sundarbans with the financial assistance of Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

Foreword --How Should International Arbitrators Tackle Corruption Issues? --Notes on Amiable Compositeurs under Argentine Law --Arbitraje y Derecho de Defensa --The Opportunity to Be Heard: Accommodating Amicus Curiae Participation in Investment Treaty Arbitration --Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunals in Islamic Law (Shari'a) --Arbitration and Mediation Combined. The Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators --Deliberation and Drafting Awards in International Arbitration --ICSID Versus Non-ICSID Investment Treaty Arbitration --Commercial Arbitration and the Italian and EC Antitrust Legislation with an Emphasis on Intellectual Property Rights. --Bernardo Cremade's Contribution to the Development of Arbitration Law in Latin America --Arbitrabilité et Droit de la Concurrence --Polygamy of Treaties in Arbitration - A Latin American and MERCOSUL Perspective --May Courts in Latin American Countries Refuse Recognition and/or Enforcement of a Foreign Arbitral Award that Is Being Challenged at the Place of Arbitration? --Advocacy and the Functions of Lawyers in International Arbitration --The Arbitrator's Failure to Disclose Conflicts of Interest: Is It Per Se a Ground for Annulling the Award? --El Turismo Arbitral, ¿Realidad o Espejismo? --Validity in Spain of Bills of Lading's Jurisdiction Clauses and Anti-Suit Injunctions in the European Union --Collection of Evidence in International Arbitration --Leveraging the Arbitral Process to Encourage Settlement: Some Practical and Legal Issues --The New Law on Arbitration in Syria --Ethics in Arbitration --Clearer Ethics Guidelines and Comparative Standards for Arbitrators --Set-offs Are Not Counterclaims in International Arbitration --Remarks on the Sovereign Immunity from Execution and Its Interpretation by Some Systems and Their Courts --International Arbitration and Jura Novit Curia - Towards Harmonization --Contra los Recursos Infundados --La Ironí a de Compétence-Compétence --Attorneys' Fees Agonistes: The Implications of Inconsistency in the Awarding of Fees and Costs in International Arbitrations --Cultural Clashes in International Commercial Arbitration: How Much of a Real Issue? --Non-Signatories and Arbitration: Recent Developments --Elena Gutiérrez García de Cortázar --Misconduct by Proxy? Trying to Understand Article 22 of the ECT --State Intervention in the Financial Crisis and International Investment Arbitration --Electronically Stored Information and Privilege in International Arbitration --When is an "Investment" an "Investment"? - Formalities of Approval and Limitations on Their Application --Economic Crisis and Arbitration --Juan-Carlos Jiménez-Mancha --Brief Reflections on the Application of Norms by International Arbitrators --Applications for "Revision" in Investment Arbitration: Selected Current Issues --Fraud and Corruption in international Arbitration --Multi-Step Dispute Resolution Clauses --Countermeasures, Diplomatic Protection, and Investor-State Arbitration --The Entitlement of the State and Public Entities to Arbitrate Under Lebanese Law --Some Considerations About Current International Arbitration Conduct --¿Existe Hostilidad Hacia el Arbitraje de Inversión en América latina? --Bilateral Investment Treaty Arbitration in the Early 21st Century --Collisions of Legal Regimes in World Society. The Umbrella Clause as a Substantive and Procedural Mechanism of Legal Coordination --Some Comments on Denial of Justice in Public and Private International Law After Loewen and Saipem --Ventajas e Inconvenientes del Arbitraje Institucional --Limits of Consent - Arbitration without Privity and Beyond --The Principles of international Arbitration Practice in France --Use of Arbitration in the WTO --The Evolving Nature of Provisional Measures --How Case Law Made Mexico a True International Arbitration Place --Selected Nationality Issues in ECT Arbitration --Arbitration and Anti Suit Injuctions in the Case Law of the European Court of Justice --Unlawful interference with International Arbitration by National Courts of the Seat in the Aftermath of Saipem v. Bangladesh --International Arbitration as an Analogue to the International Civil Society --Evidence in International Arbitration: A Synthetic Glimpse --Investment and Economic Development – The World Bank Connection --Arbitration Is Useful Only if It Is Better than Court Proceedings --Fast-Track Arbitration Agreements of MAC Clauses --The Right of Foreign Investors to Access the Domestic Spanish Markets – An Analysis of Art. 2 Para. 1 of the Spanish Bilateral Investment Treaties --Belated Jurisdictional Objections in ICSID Arbitration --The Application of Arbitration to Public Entities. The Spanish Case --The 2000 Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments. A Latin American Perspective --Most Favoured Nation (MFN) Clauses in Bilateral Investment Treaties --Preliminary Judgments, Lis Pendens and Res Iudicata in Arbitration Proceedings --The Document Production Master and the Experts' Facilitator: Two Possible Aides for an Efficient Arbitration --Interviewing and Preparing Witnesses for Testimony in International Arbitration Proceedings: The Quest for Developing Transnational Standards of Lawyers' Conduct --A New Approach to International Investment Agreements (IIAS) in Brazil --Treaty Planning: Current Trends in international Investment Disputes that Impact Foreign Investment Decisions and Treaty Drafting.

The book shows a very original organization addressing in a non traditional way, but with a systematic approach, to who has an interest in using mathematics in the social sciences. The book is divided in four parts: (a) a historical part, written by Vittorio Capecchi which helps us understand the changes in the relationship between mathematics and sociology by analyzing the mathematical models of Paul F. Lazarsfeld, the model of simulation and artificial societies, models of artificial neural network and considering all the changes in scientific paradigms considered, (b) a part coordinated by Pier Luigi Contucci on mathematical models that consider the relationship between the mathematical models that come from physics and linguistics to arrive at the study of society and those which are born within sociology and economics, (c) a part coordinated by Massimo Buscema analyzing models of artificial neural networks, (d) a part coordinated by Bruno D`Amore which considers the relationship between mathematics and art. The title of the book "Mathematics and Society" was chosen because the mathematical applications exposed in the book allow you to address two major issues: (a) the general theme of technological innovation and quality of life (among the essays are on display mathematical applications to the problems of combating pollution and crime, applications to mathematical problems of immigration, mathematical applications to the problems of medical diagnosis, etc.) (b) the general theme of technical innovation and creativity, for example the art and mathematics section which connects to the theme of creative cities. The book is very original because it is not addressed only to those who are passionate about mathematical applications in social science but also to those who, in different societies, are: (a) involved in technological innovation to improve the quality of life, (b) involved in the wider distribution of technological innovation in different areas of creativity (as in the project "Creative Cities Network" of UNESCO). TOC: Mathematics and Society Preface Vittorio Capecchi, Massimo Buscema, Pierluigi Contucci, Bruno D`Amore 1- Vittorio Capecchi: Historical Introduction Section I (mathematics and models) 2- Pierluigi Contucci, Ignacio Gallo, Stefano Ghirlanda: "Equilibria of culture contact derived from ingroup and outgroup attitudes" 3- Oscar Bolina: "Society from the Statistical Mechanics Perspective" 4- Anna M. Borghi, Daniele Caligiore, Claudia Scorolli: "Objects, words, and actions. Some reasons why embodied models are badly needed in cognitive psychology." 5- Luca Desanctis, Stefano Ghirlanda: "Shared culture needs large social networks" 6- C. Gallo: "Mathematical models of financial markets" 7- F. Gallo, Pierluigi Contucci, A. Coutts, Ignacio Gallo: "Tackling climate change through energy efficiency: mathematical models to offer evidence-based recommendations for public policy" 8- Simone Sarti, Marco Terraneo: "An application of the multilevel regression technique to validate a social stratification scale" 9- Robert B. Smith: "The Academic Mind Revisited: Contextual Analysis via Multilevel Modeling" Section III (mathematics and neural networks) 10 - Massimo Buscema: "The General Philosophy of the Artificial Adaptive Systems" 11 - Massimo Buscema, Pier Luigi Sacco: "Auto-Contractive Maps, the H Function and the Maximally Regular Graph (MRG): a new methodology for data mining" 12- Massimo Buscema, Pier Luigi Sacco: "An Artificial Intelligent Systems Approach to - Unscrambling Power Networks in Italy`s Business Environment" 13- Giulia Massini: "Multi - Meta SOM" 14- Massimo Buscema: "How to make data mining: The Persons Arrested Dataset" 15- Enzo Grossi: "Medicine and Mathematics of Complex Systems" 16- Massimo Buscema, Enzo Grossi: "J-Net System: a new paradigm for Artificial Neural Networks applied to diagnostic imaging" 17 - S. Tangaro, R. Bellotti, F. De Carlo, G. Gargano: "Digital Image Processing in Medical Applications" Section III (mathematics and art) 18 - Giorgio T. Bagni: "Mathematics, Art, and Interpretation: an Hermeneutic Perspective" 19- Giorgio Bolondi: "Point, line and surface, following Hilbert and Kandinsky" 20- Bruno D`Amore: Figurative arts and mathematics: pipes, horses, triangles and meanings A contribution to a problematic theory of conceptual meaning, from Frege and Magritte up to the present time" 21- Michele Emmer: The idea of space in art, technology and mathematics" 22- Raffaele Mascella, Franco Eugeni,e Ezio Sciarpa: "Mathematical structures and sense of beauty" 23- Monica Idà: "Visual impact and mathematical learning" 24- Marco Pierini: "Art by Numbers.Mel Bochner, Roman Opalka and other Philarhythmics" 25-Aldo Spizzichino: "My way of playing with the computer. Suggestions for a personal experience in vector graphics" 26- Gian Marco Todesco: "Four dimensional ideas" 27- Igino Aschieri, Paola Vighi: "From Art to Mathematics in the paintings of Theo van Doesburg" Editors`s biographies

PT. I. A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- [Section 1]. Different forms of motivation -- 1. Core social motivations : views from the couch, consciousness, classroom, computers, and collectives / Susan T. Fiske -- PT. II. FORMS AND SYSTEMS OF MOTIVATION -- 2. Belongingness motivation : a mainspring of social action / Mark R. Leary and Cody B. Cox -- 3. The many sides of control motivation : motives for high, low, and illusory control / Suzanne C. Thompson and Mich(c)·le M. Schlehofer -- 4. Self-enhancement and self-affirmation : the consequences of positive self-thoughts for motivation and health / Shelley E. Taylor and David K. Sherman -- 5. Cognitive dissonance theory : an update with a focus on the action-based model / Eddie Harmon-Jones and Cindy Harmon-Jones -- 6. Motivated closed-mindedness and its social consequences / Arie W. Kruglanski and Woo Young Chun -- 7. Historical perspectives and new directions in achievement goal theory : understanding the effects of mastery and performance-approach goals / Corwin Senko, Amanda M. Durik, and Judith M. Harackiewicz -- 8. A basic but uniquely human motivation : terror management / Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Jamie Arndt -- 9. Prosocial motivation / C. Daniel Batson ... [et al.] -- 10. Implicit motivation : past, present, and future / Melissa J. Ferguson, Ran Hassin, and John A. Bargh -- [Section 2]. Motivational systems -- 11. Motivations for promotion and prevention / Daniel C. Molden, Angela Y. Lee, and E. Tory Higgins -- 12. The neuroevolution of motivation / Gary G. Berntson and John T. Cacioppo -- 13. Contributions of attachment theory and research to motivation science / Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver -- 14. Structural dynamics : the challenge of change in goal systems / James Y. Shah and Arie W. Kruglanski -- PT. III. MOTIVATIONAL PROCESSES AND DIFFERENCES -- [Section 1.] Motivational processes and goal pursuits -- 15. The goal construct in psychology / Andrew J. Elliot and James W. Fryer -- 16. The impact of social comparisons on motivation / Penelope Lockwood and Rebecca T. Pinkus -- 17. Goal contagion : inferring goals from others' actions, and what leads to it / Henk Aarts, Ap Dijksterhuis, and Giel Dik -- 18. Implicit and explicit counteractive self-control / Ayelet Fishbach and Yaacov Trope -- 19. Dealing with unwanted feelings : the role of affect regulation in volitional action control / Sander L. Koole and Julius Kuhl -- 20. Feedback processes in the simultaneous regulation of action and affect / Charles S. Carver and Michael F. Scheier -- 21. Flexible tenacity in goal pursuit / Peter M. Gollwitzer ... [et al.] -- 22. The antecedents and consequences of nonconscious goal pursuit / Tanya L. Chartrand, Amy N. Dalton, and Clara Michelle Cheng -- 23. Regulatory fit / E. Tory Higgins -- 24. Can satisfaction reinforce wanting? : a new theory about long-term changes in strength of motivation / Kathleen D. Vohs and Roy F. Baumeister -- [Section 2]. Motivational differences -- 25. The role of goal investment in self-regulation : benefits and costs / Eva M. Pomerantz and Serena Shim -- 26. Self-theories, goals, and meaning / Carol S. Dweck and Heidi Grant -- 27. Culture and motivation / Beth Morling and Shinobu Kitayama -- 28. Of men, women, and motivation : a role congruity account / Amanda B. Diekman and Alice H. Eagly -- 29. Developmental perspectives on achievement motivation : personal and contextual influences / Lisa Linnenbrink-Garcia and Jennifer A. Fredricks -- 30. The interface of motivation science and psychology : self-concordance, quality motivation, and multilevel personality integration / Kennon M. Sheldon -- PT. IV. APPLICATIONS OF MOTIVATIONAL RESEARCH -- [Section 1]. Well-being and optimal functioning -- 31. Challenge, threat, and health / Jim Blascovich -- 32. Understanding the determinants of health behavior change : integrating theory and practice / Alexander J. Rothman ... [et al.] -- 33. Social exclusion, motivation, and self-defeating behavior : why breakups lead to drunkenness and ice cream / Jean M. Twenge -- 34. Personal goals and life dreams : positive psychology and motivation in daily life / Laura A. King -- [Section 2]. Intergroup and interpersonal relations -- 35. When self-protection hurts : satisfying connectedness motivations in close relationships / Sandra L. Murray -- 36. Prorelationship motivation : an interdependence theory analysis of situations with conflicting interests / Eli J. Finkel and Caryl E. Rusbult -- 37. Approaching social rewards and avoiding social punishments : appetitive and aversive social motivation / Shelly L. Gable and Amy Strachman -- 38. Making things better and worse : multiple motives in stereotyping and prejudice / Steven J. Stroessner and Abigail A. Scholer -- 39. System justification as conscious and nonconscious goal pursuit / John T. Jost ... [et al.]

Contents: Introduction: Inga Krättli: Long-term Responsibility for a Sustainable Life: Introductory Panel Session and Roundtable Discussion (15-22); Part 1: On Organisations and Philosophies of Development: Isolde M. Schönstein: Die Verantwortung der Kirchen für nachhaltige Entwicklung (25-33); Emil Brix: Zivilgesellschaft als Chance für die Demokratie (35-42); Michal Sicinski: Ecology and Sustainable Development within a General Social Theory: Old and New Approaches (43-52); Part 2: On Higher Education and Cases of Institution Building: Norbert Derner: Mutual Relationships of Personal Interests and the Evolution of Complex Social Systems (55-59); R. Garleja, I. Kerpe: Innovative Changes in the Social Demand for Lifelong Education (61-66); Richard J. Bartak: Bioakademie - Bildungsprojekt zum ökologischen Landbau in der Tschechischen Republik (67-74); Vijaya Sherry Chand, Elmar A. Stuhler and Sasi Misra: The Fachhochschule System of Higher Education: University of Applied Sciences, Landshut and University of Applied Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan (75-86); Part 3: Interdisciplinary Studies on National Parks, Ecotourism and Investment: Jan W. Dobrowolski: An Interdisciplinary Study of, and Education for, the Sustainable Development of National Park Regions in Poland and a New Concept of Sound Tourism Management applied to the Cinque Terre National Park in Italy (89-100); Aleksandra Wagner, Jan W. Dobrowolski, Maria Zielinska: Ecotourism as a Factor of Sustainable Development of Specially Protected Regions (101-108); Philippos Nicolopoulos: The Large Scale Investments in Alternative Tourism and Sustainable Development: The Case of Crete and Arcadia (109-121); Part 4: Living Space Resources, Evaluation of Raw Materials, Agricultural and Food Policy: Drago Muvrin: Sustainable Development through Research and Learning. Sustainable Development and Habitation. An Approach to the Use of Living Space Resources (125-136); Ingeborg Bauer: Basic Principles of the Bavarian Agricultural Policy and its Contribution to Sustainable Development (137-142); Aija Melngaile: Global Aspects of Food Chain Development (143-149); Richard J. Bartak: Evaluating the Use of Raw Materials for Food Production from Economic, Ecological, Ethical and Social Points of View (151-162); Part 5: International Agricultural Research for Development: Sabine Homann, Andre van Rooyen, Thinah Moyo and Zivayi Nengomasha: Strengthening Livestock Market Flows and Feeding Practices for Improved Livelihoods in Southern Zimbabwe (165-173); Sabine Homann, Barbara Rischkowsky, Jörg Steinbach, Michael Kirk: Towards Endogenous Development: Borana Pastoralists' Response to Environmental and Institutional Changes (175-182); Sabine Homann, Barbara Rischkowsky, Jörg Steinbach: Herd Mobility Leads the Way for Sustainable Pastoral Development: The Case of Borana Rangelands, Southern Ethiopia (183-194); Part 6: Aspects of Eco-Design and Development, Innovation as well as Renewable Energy Sources: Marion Hersh: Ecodesign for All: Principles and Practice (197-216); Jozica Knez-Riedl: Developing a Sustainable/Holistic Firm (217-225); Majda Bastic: Analysis of Slovenian New Products from Environmental Viewpoint (227-234); Jan Fiedler: The Economics of Renewable Energy Sources in the Czech Republic (235-240); Part 7: Technological Issues and Opportunities: Zinaida Klestova, Alexander Makarenko, Eugene Samorodov: Geoinformational Systems in society Transformation. System Analysis and Transregional Infrastructure (243-250); T. Abadjieva: Effect of Solar Radiation on Materials and Design of Buildings in Botswana (251-258); Vera Vokolkova: Road Transport and its Contribution to Global Warming with Special Regards to Developing Countries (259-269); Dana Wenscheova: Transportation and Environment in the City of Brno (271-275); Antonin Kremr: The Modrice Project - Reconstruction and Intensification of the City Waste Water Treatment Plant in Brno (277-280); Part 8: Latvian Processes and Methodologies: I. Skards, J. Raipulis, I. Karlsone, V. Strazdina: Why Have Suicide Rates in Baltic States Increased after Restoration of Independence after 1990 (283-296); Ilmars Skards, Jekabs Raipulis, Ilga Karlsone: Demographic Situation in Latvia and the Conditions which Limit it (297-310); A. Goldsteins: State Forest Certification Activities in Latvia (311-315); Part 9: Our New Enemy: Timi Ecimovic: The Climate Change System (319-334); Melanie Thun: "Shishmaref Must Yield" (335-336); Werner Zeppenfeld: Tuvalu: An Island Nation Cables SOS (337); Part 10: Possible Follow up Studies: Rainer Fuchs, Shalini Misra: Need and Possibility for Analysing Human Motivation Potential - Related to Sustainability (341-363); Rainer Fuchs: Goal-oriented Action: The Interaction of Process Components in Terms of Cybernetic Theory (365-380); Elmar A. Stuhler: The Usefulness of Action Psychology for Multipurpose Agribusiness (381-393); Elmar A. Stuhler: Retrospect and Prospect (395-400).

part Part I Research Design and Study Outcomes -- chapter 1 Lawrence W. Sherman and Richard A. Berk (1984), 'The Specific Deterrent Effects of Arrest for Domestic Assault', American Sociological Review, 49, pp. 261-72 -- chapter 2 Richard A. Berk, Heather Ladd, Heidi Graziano and Jong-Ho Baek (2003), 'A Randomized Experiment Testing Inmate Classification Systems', Criminology and Public Policy, 2, pp. 215-42 -- chapter 3 David Weisburd, Cynthia M. Lum and Anthony Petrosino (2001), 'Does Research Design Affect Study Outcomes in Criminal Justice?', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 578, pp. 50-70 -- chapter 4 Mark W. Lipsey and David B. Wilson (1993), 'The Efficacy of Psychological, Educational, and Behavioral Treatment: Confirmation from Meta-Analysis', American Psychologist, 48, pp. 1181-209 -- part Part II Quantitative Issues in Sampling -- chapter 5 Robert Brame and Raymond Paternoster (2003), 'Missing Data Problems in Criminological Research: Two Case Studies', Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, pp. 55-78 -- chapter 6 David Weisburd with Anthony Petrosino and Gail Mason (1993), 'Design Sensitivity in Criminal Justice Experiments', Crime and Justice, 17, pp. 337-79 -- chapter 7 Douglas A. Smith and Raymond Paternoster (1990), 'Formal Processing and Future Delinquency: Deviance Amplification as Selection Artifact', Law and Society Review, 24, pp. 1109-131 -- part Part III Issues in Measurement -- chapter 8 John I. Kitsuse and Aaron V. Cicourel (1963), 'A Note on the Uses of Official Statistics', Social Problems, 11, pp. 131-39 -- chapter 9 Albert D. Biderman and Albert J. Reiss Jr (1967), 'On Exploring the -- chapter 10 Michael R. Geerken (1994), 'Rap Sheets in Criminological Research: Considerations and Caveats', Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, pp. 3-21 -- chapter 11 Julie Horney and Ineke Haen Marshall (1992), 'An Experimental Comparison of Two Self-Report Methods for Measuring Lambda', Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, pp. 102-21 -- chapter 12 Janet L. Lauritsen (1998), 'The Age-Crime Debate: Assessing the Limits of Longitudinal Self-Report Data', Social Forces, 77, pp. 127-54 -- chapter 13 David P. Farrington, Rolf Loeber, Magda Stouthamer-Loeber, Welmoet B. van Kammen and Laura Schmidt (1996), 'Self-reported Delinquency and a Combined Delinquency Seriousness Scale Based on Boys, Mothers, and Teachers: Concurrent and Predictive Validity for African-Americans and Caucasians', Criminology, 34, pp. 493-517 -- part Part IV Descriptive Analysis of Quantitative Data -- chapter 14 Michael D. Maltz (1998), 'Visualizing Homicide: A Research Note', Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 14, pp. 397-410 -- chapter 15 David M. Kennedy, Anthony A. Braga and Anne M. Piehl (1998), 'The (Un)known Universe: Mapping Gangs and Gang Violence in Boston', in Crime Mapping and Crime Prevention, D. Weisburd and T. McEwen (eds), Crime Prevention Studies, 7, pp. 219-62 -- chapter 16 Arnold Barnett, Alfred Blumstein and David P. Farrington (1989), 'A Prospective Test of a Criminal Career Model', Criminology, 27, pp. 373-88 -- chapter 17 Kenneth C. Land and Daniel S. Nagin (1996), 'Micro-Models of Criminal Careers: A Synthesis of the Criminal Careers and Life Course Approaches via Semiparametric Mixed Poisson Regression Models, with Empirical Applications', Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 12, pp. 163-91 -- chapter 18 Shawn D. Bushway, Terence P. Thornberry and Marvin D. Krohn (2003), 'Desistance as a Developmental Process: A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Approaches', Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, pp. 129-53 -- chapter 19 David Weisburd, Shawn Bushway, Cynthia Lum and Sue-Ming Yang (2004), 'Trajectories of Crime at Places: A Longitudinal Study of Street Segments in the City of Seattle', Criminology, 42, pp. 283-321 -- part Part V Causal Modelling -- chapter 20 Ian Ayres and Steven D. Levitt (1998), 'Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113, pp. 43-77 -- chapter 21 David McDowall, Colin Loftin and Brian Wiersema (1992), 'A Comparative Study of the Preventive Effects of Mandatory Sentencing Laws for Gun Crimes', Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 83, pp. 378-94 -- chapter 22 David F. Greenberg (2001), 'Time Series Analysis of Crime Rates', Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 17, pp. 291-327 -- chapter 23 D. Wayne Osgood (2000), 'Poisson-Based Regression Analysis of Aggregate Crime Rates', Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16, pp. 21-43.

1. Introduction -- 1.1 Preamble -- 1.2 Scope of book -- 1.3 Notation and definitions -- 2. Pipe and Channel Flow -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Laminar flow theory: channel -- 2.3 Laminar flow theory: pipe -- 2.4 The Reynolds number -- 2.5 The entry length -- 2.6 Transition to turbulent flow -- 2.7 Relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient -- 3. Flow Past a Circular Cylinder -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Reynolds number -- 3.3 Flow patterns -- 3.4 Drag -- 4. Convection in Horizontal Layers -- 4.1 The configuration -- 4.2 Onset of motion -- 4.3 Flow regimes -- 5. Equations of Motion -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fluid particles and continuum mechanics -- 5.3 Eulerian and Langrangian co-ordinates -- 5.4 Continuity equation -- 5.5 The substantive derivative -- 5.6 The Navier—Stokes equation -- 5.7 Boundary conditions -- 5.8 Condition for incompressibility -- Appendix: Derivation of viscous term of dynamical equation -- 6. Further Basic Ideas -- 6.1 Streamlines, streamtubes, particle paths and streaklines -- 6.2 Computations for flow past a circular cylinder -- 6.3 The stream function -- 6.4 Vorticity -- 6.5 Vorticity equation -- 6.6 Circulation -- 7. Dynamical Similarity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Condition for dynamical similarity: Reynolds number -- 7.3 Dependent quantities -- 7.4 Other governing non-dimensional parameters -- 8. Low and High Reynolds Numbers -- 8.1 Physical significance of the Reynolds number -- 8.2 Low Reynolds number -- 8.3 High Reynolds number -- 9. Some Solutions of the Viscous Flow Equations -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Poiseuille flow -- 9.3 Rotating Couette flow -- 9.4 Stokes flow past a sphere -- 9.5 Low Reynolds number flow past a cylinder -- 10. Inviscid Flow -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Kelvin circulation theorem -- 10.3 Irrotational motion -- 10.4 Bernoulli's equation -- 10.5 Drag in inviscid flow: d'Alembert's 'paradox' -- 10.6 Applications of Bernoulli's equation -- 10.7 Some definitions -- 11. Boundary Layers and Related Topics -- 11.1 Boundary layer formation -- 11.2 The boundary layer approximation -- 11.3 Zero pressure gradient solution -- 11.4 Boundary layer separation -- 11.5 Drag on bluff bodies -- 11.6 Streamlining -- 11.7 Wakes -- 11.8 Jets -- 11.9 Momentum and energy in viscous flow -- 12. Lift -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Two-dimensional aerofoils -- 12.3 Three-dimensional aerofoils -- 12.4 Spinning bodies -- 13. Thermal Flows: Basic Equations and Concepts -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Equations of convection -- 13.3 Classification of convective flows -- 13.4 Forced convection -- 13.5 Flow with concentration variations (mass transfer) -- 14. Free Convection -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The governing non-dimensional parameters -- 14.3 The adiabatic temperature gradient -- 14.4 Free convection as a heat engine -- 14.5 Convection from a heated vertical surface -- 14.6 Thermal plumes -- 14.7 Convection in fluid layers -- Appendix: The Boussinesq approximation in free convection -- 15. Flow in Rotating Fluids -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Centrifugal and Coriolis forces -- 15.3 Geostrophic flow and the Taylor—Proud man theorem -- 15.4 Taylor columns -- 15.5 Ekman layers -- 15.6 Intrinsic stability and inertial waves -- 15.7 Rossby waves -- 15.8 Convection in a rotating annulus -- 16. Stratified Flow -- 16.1 Basic concepts -- 16.2 Blocking -- 16.3 Lee waves -- 16.4 Internal waves -- 16.5 Stratification and rotation -- 17. Instability Phenomena -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Surface tension instability of a liquid column -- 17.3 Convection due to internal heat generation -- 17.4 Convection due to surface tension variations -- 17.5 Instability of rotating Couette flow -- 17.6 Shear flow instability -- 18. The Theory of Hydro Dynamic Stability -- 18.1 The nature of linear stability theory -- 18.2 Onset of Bénard convection -- 18.3 Overstability -- 18.4 Rotating Couette flow -- 18.5 Boundary layer stability -- 19. Transition to Turbulence -- 19.1 Boundary layer transition -- 19.2 Transition in jets and other free shear flows -- 19.3 Pipe flow transition -- 20. Turbulence -- 20.1 The nature of turbulent motion -- 20.2 Introduction to the statistical description of turbulent motion -- 20.3 Formulation of the statistical description -- 20.4 Turbulence equations -- 20.5 Calculation methods -- 20.6 Interpretation of correlations -- 20.7 Spectra -- 20.8 The concept of eddies -- 21. Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Space correlations and the closure problem -- 21.3 Spectra and the energy cascade -- 21.4 Dynamical processes of the energy cascade -- 22. The Structure of Turbulent Flows -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Reynolds number similarity and self-preservation -- 22.3 Intermittency and entrainment -- 22.4 The structure of a turbulent wake -- 22.5 Turbulent motion near a wall -- 22.6 Large eddies in a boundary layer -- 22.7 The Coanda effect -- 22.8 Stratified shear flows -- 22.9 Reverse transition -- 23. Experimental Methods -- 23.1 General aspects of experimental fluid dynamics -- 23.2 Velocity measurement -- 23.3 Pressure and temperature measurement -- 23.4 Flow visualization -- 24. Practical Situations -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Cloud patterns -- 24.3 Waves in the atmospheric circulation -- 24.4 Continental drift and convection in the Earth's mantle -- 24.5 Solar granulation -- 24.6 Effluent dispersal -- 24.7 Wind effects on structures -- 24.8 Boundary layer control: vortex generators -- 24.9 Fluidics -- 24.10 Undulatory swimming -- 24.11 Convection from the human body -- 24.12 The flight of a boomerang -- Notation -- Problems -- Bibliography and References.

Inhaltsangabe:Einleitung: Kann eine Partei ohne Internet heute noch Wahlen in Deutschland gewinnen? Die Antwort ist eindeutig. Kein politischer Akteur, der sich in der Medienöffentlichkeit einer Informationsgesellschaft bewegt, kann auf eine moderne Kommunikationsstrategie im Internet verzichten. Nicht mehr das Ob, sondern das Wie beschäftigt heute die Strategen in den Parteien. Der Bundestagswahlkampf 2005 fand unter besonderen Bedingungen statt: Am 22. Mai 2005 überraschte die SPD nach ihrer Wahlniederlage bei der nordrhein-westfälischen Landtagswahl mit der Ankündigung von Neuwahlen. Diese wurden auf den 18. September 2005 angesetzt. Ein auf wenige Wochen verkürzter 'Sprint-Wahlkampf' folgte. Durch die erzwungene Beschleunigung der Kampagnenplanungen rückte das schnellste und flexibelste Massenmedium in den Blick: das Internet. Als Wahlkampfinstrument der politischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit wurden an das Internet hohe Erwartungen gestellt: Es sollte trotz des kleinen Zeitfensters einen modernen, innovativen und informativen Wahlkampf ermöglichen. Mit dem Kampagnenmanagement wurden professionelle PR-Agenturen beauftragt. Ob und wie es den professionellen PR-Akteuren gelang, die Potenziale der Online-Kommunikation zur Überzeugung der Wähler für die jeweilige politische Partei zu nutzen, wird die vorliegende Arbeit thematisieren. Hierbei will die Verfasserin nicht nur eine rein deskriptive, sondern bisweilen auch eine normative Position einnehmen: Neben einer empirischen Untersuchung der Online-Kommunikation im Wahlkampf, also der tatsächlichen Verhältnisse, soll ebenso aufgezeigt werden, wie die politische Internet-PR gestaltet sein sollte, um einen interaktiven Dialog, eine Online-Interaktion zwischen Parteien und Wählern zu ermöglichen. Problemstellung: Die im Zentrum der vorliegenden Arbeit stehende Forschungsfrage lautet: Wie nutzten die politischen PR-Akteure im Auftrag der Parteien das Internet zur politischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im Bundestagswahlkampf 2005? Das Ziel ist, mithilfe des Instrumentariums der Akteurstheorie, die Beschreibung und Analyse der Online-Kommunikation der politischen PR-Akteure im Bundestagswahlkampf 2005. Dabei sollen nicht die Wähler bzw. die Wirkung des Online-Campaignings der PR-Akteure auf die Wähler im Mittelpunkt des Interesses stehen. Fokussiert werden die politischen Akteure, die Parteien, und die von den Parteien beauftragten Akteure der politischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Arbeit liegt darin, festzustellen, ob die beauftragten Öffentlichkeitsarbeiter die Potenziale des Internets zur Überzeugung der Wähler genutzt haben. Eine ausführliche Konkretisierung und Eingrenzung der Fragestellung findet zu Beginn des empirischen Teils der Arbeit statt (s. Punkt 6.1). Gang der Untersuchung: Die Arbeit gliedert sich in einen theoretischen und einen empirischen Teil. Das Kapitel 2 gibt eine Einleitung in das weit gefasste Themengebiet politische Kommunikation. Hier werden zentrale Begriffe der Arbeit eingegrenzt und geklärt (2.1). Es folgt eine Beschreibung medialer und gesellschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen, die das Phänomen Mediengesellschaft bedingen (2.2). Nach einem Überblick zum wissenschaftlichen Forschungsstand der politischen Kommunikation (2.3) beschäftigt sich der letzte Abschnitt des 2. Kapitels mit einer aktuellen Debatte: Sind die Veränderungen im Wahlkampfmanagement und die Professionalisierung der beteiligten PR-Akteure Ergebnisse eines Trends, der als "Amerikanisierung" bezeichnet werden kann, oder findet ein Modernisierungsprozess statt, der in allen westlichen Demokratien beobachtet wird (2.4)? In Kapitel 3 werden die theoretischen Grundlagen der Arbeit, v.a. in Bezug auf die folgende empirische Untersuchung, gelegt: Zur Analyse der politischen Online-Kommunikation bietet sich die Akteurstheorie, eine sinnvolle Verknüpfung von Handlungs- und Systemtheorie, an. Denn: Hierbei können sowohl die systemischen Strukturen das Handlungsfeldes politische Öffentlichkeitsarbeit als auch das strategische und zielorientierte Handeln der beteiligten Akteure in den Blick genommen werden. Daraufhin widmet sich Kapitel 4 der politischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit: Nach einer Abgrenzung der politischen PR von verwandten Begriffen (4.1) wird die Entwicklung des Handlungs-, Forschungs- und Berufsfeldes politische Public Relations nachgezeichnet (4.2). Im folgenden werden sowohl die gesellschaftlichen Funktionen als auch wichtige Aufgaben, Ziele und Instrumente dieses Kommunikationsinstruments reflektiert. Abschließend widmet sich Abschnitt 4.4 dem wissenschaftlichen Forschungsstand. Mit dem 5. Kapitel schließt sich der theoretische Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit: Hier wird das Internet als neues Medium politischer Öffentlichkeitsarbeit thematisiert; die Potenziale sowie die Vorteile (für politische Akteure und Wähler) der politischen Internet-Kommunikation werden vorgestellt. Nach Beantwortung der Frage, welche Wählersegmente im Internet überhaupt von den politischen PR-Akteuren erreicht werden können, wird auf die politische Online-PR im Speziellen eingegangen. Mit Kapitel 6 wird der empirische Teil der Arbeit eingeleitet. Das Forschungs-design wird ausführlich dargestellt und begründet. Kapitel 7 dient der Vorstellung des Internetwahlkampfes 2005: Nach einer Darstellung der Ausgangslage aller untersuchten Parteien (SPD, CDU, Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen, FDP, Linkspartei) werden die wichtigsten genutzten Web-Formate und -Elemente betrachtet. Nachfolgend findet die formale Analyse der fünf Parteien–Homepages statt (Kapitel 8): Alle vier operationalisierten Kategorien des Untersuchungskriteriums Überzeugung werden untersucht. Mit einer Zusammenfassung und Bewertung der Forschungsergebnisse wird dieser Abschnitt beendet. In Kapitel 9 folgt das Fazit der vorliegenden Arbeit. Mit einem Blick in die Zukunft der politischen Online-Kommunikation wird die Arbeit abgeschlossen. Inhaltsverzeichnis: TABELLENVERZEICHNIS1 1.Einleitung2 1.1Fragestellung und Ziel2 1.2Aufbau der Arbeit3 I.THEORETISCHER TEIL5 2.Politische Kommunikation in der Mediengesellschaft. Einführung in Thema und Debatte5 2.1Begriffsklärungen6 2.1.1Politische Kommunikation6 2.1.2Politikvermittlung8 2.1.3Wahlkampf8 2.1.4Wahlkampagnen9 2.2Mediengesellschaft – Rahmenbedingungen im Wandel9 2.2.1Gesellschaftlicher Wandel11 2.2.2Medialer Wandel12 2.3Wissenschaftlicher Forschungsstand14 2.4Amerikanisierung oder Modernisierung der politischenWahlkommunikation?17 2.4.1Merkmale17 2.4.1.1Personalisierung18 2.4.1.2Mediatisierung18 2.4.1.3Professionalisierung18 2.4.2Die Kontroverse19 2.4.3Wissenschaftlicher Forschungsstand20 3.Theoretische Grundlagen der Analyse politischer Kommunikation22 3.1System- und Handlungstheorie als Erklärungsmodelle politischer Kommunikation22 3.1.1Systemtheoretische Analyse politischer Kommunikation23 3.1.2Handlungstheoretische Analyse politischer Kommunikation24 3.2Akteurstheoretische Analyse politischer Kommunikation26 3.2.1Constraints und binäre Codes26 3.2.2Struktur, Prozess und Funktion politischer Kommunikation27 3.3Die akteurstheoretische Analyse politischer (Online-) PR31 4.Politische Öffentlichkeitsarbeit34 4.1Begriffsklärung34 4.1.1Definitionen von politischer PR35 4.1.2Abgrenzung zu politischer Werbung37 4.1.3Abgrenzung zu Propaganda38 4.2Die Entwicklung politischer Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in Deutschland39 4.3Politische PR als Kommunikationsinstrument der politischen Akteure43 4.3.1Gesellschaftliche Funktionen43 4.3.2Aufgaben, Ziele und Instrumente44 4.4Wissenschaftlicher Forschungsstand47 5.Das Internet als neues Medium politischer Public Relations51 5.1Begriffsklärungen52 5.1.1Internet52 5.1.2World Wide Web (WWW)54 5.2Potenziale der politischen Online-Kommunikation54 5.2.1Technisches Potenzial54 5.2.2Politisches Potenzial55 5.3Vorteile der politischen Online-Kommunikation56 5.3.1Vorteile für die politischen Akteure56 5.3.2Vorteile für die Wähler58 5.4Die Wähler im Internet: Wer ist online?59 5.5Politische Online-PR: Die Websites der Parteien62 5.6Wissenschaftlicher Forschungsstand65 II.EMPIRISCHER TEIL69 6.Das Forschungsdesign69 6.1Konkretisierung der Fragestellung69 6.2Die Analyseeinheiten70 6.3Die Untersuchungsmethode71 6.4Kriterium und Kategorien der Analyse72 7.Der Onlinewahlkampf 200576 7.1Die Ausgangslage: Korporative PR-Akteure, Wahlkampf-Budgets und Re-Launches76 7.1.1Ausgangslage bei der SPD77 7.1.2Ausgangslage bei der CDU78 7.1.3Ausgangslage bei Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen79 7.1.4Ausgangslage bei der FDP80 7.1.5Ausgangslage bei der Linkspartei80 7.2Formate und Elemente des Online-Campaignings 200581 7.2.1Kandidatensites81 7.2.2Online-Mobilisierung82 7.2.3Online-Fundraising83 7.2.4Negative Campaigning84 7.2.5Intranets85 7.2.6Weblogs86 8.Formale Analyse der Parteien-Homepages88 8.1Kategorie Interaktivität89 8.2Kategorie Usabilität91 8.3Kategorie Informativität92 8.4Kategorie Multimedialität/ Design94 8.5Zusammenfassung und Bewertung der Ergebnisse96 9.Fazit und Ausblick101 10.Literatur104 11.Internetquellen110 III.ANHANG112 IV.ERKLÄRUNG123

Die seit Ende 2000 anhaltende Schwächeperiode der weltweiten Konjunktur und der davon ausgehende Druck auf Kosten und Margen auf nahezu alle Branchen zwingt sowohl politische Entscheidungsträger als auch Strategen im Umfeld der Bankenwirtschaft in Europa ihre Ideen und Vorstellungen über das zukünftige Finanzsystem, die strategische Positionierung und Geschäftsmodelle einzelner Bankentypen bzw. die Struktur der Bankenlandschaft nachzudenken. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschäftigt sich der Autor mit der Struktur des Bankensektors in Europa nach dem aktuell in Gang befindlichen Transformationsprozess. Die Ursachen für den aktuellen Transformationsprozess bzw. für den Strukturwandel innerhalb der Branche, in Europa und Österreich sind bislang wissenschaftlich noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Tatsache ist, dass auf nationaler sowie gesamteuropäischer Ebene die Vielfalt an aktuellen Diskussionen zu unterschiedlichen Problembereichen in der Bankwirtschaft nahezu unüberschaubar geworden ist: Experten- und Praktikermeinungen über mögliche oder unmögliche, Fusionen, sinnvolle oder nicht sinnvolle Geschäftsmodelle und strategische Positionierungen kursieren in diversen Fachpublikationen. Auf diversen internationalen Kongressen, Tagungen und Workshops werden quantitative Analysen, Branchenberichte, sowie Studien vorgestellt, die den aktuellen Strukturwandel auf wenige Themenblöcke wie Inputreduktion (Effizienzsteigerung), Rentabilitätsoptimierungen (Profitabilität) oder Wachstum (Marktmacht) reduzieren. Zweckmäßig erscheint der Versuch die wirtschaftspolitisch relevante Veränderung der Struktur des Bankensektors in Europa unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung von Zusammenschluss- und Effizienzaspekten, sowie rechtlichen und politischen Entwicklungen im Umfeld der Banken zu untersuchen, wesentliche Veränderungen innerhalb bankbetriebswissenschaftlicher und ökonomischer Theorien rund um den Forschungsbereich Finanzintermediation zusammenzufassen, um aus den Erkenntnissen aus der Praxis und Theorie Empfehlungen für eine optimale Struktur des Bankensektors in Europa abzuleiten. Erfolg lässt sich dann "planen", wenn Entscheidungsträger wesentliche strukturelle und bankpolitische Trends zu erkennen bereit sind und Entwicklungen vorantreiben wollen. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Inhaltsverzeichnis: VORWORT8 EINLEITUNG9 1.Problemstellung9 2.Aufbau der Arbeit10 3.Forschungsdesign11 3.1Forschungsmethodik11 3.2Aufzeigen von Entwicklungstendenzen in Österreich und Europa12 3.3Kernaussagen für Trends und Entwicklungen aus Strukturveränderungen12 3.4Finanzsysteme, Finanzintermediation und Banken13 4.Ebenen der Transformation im europäischen Bankenwesen13 5.Probleme bei der Interpretation von Analysen im Bankenwesen15 TEIL A:ÖKONOMISCHEN SITUATIONSANALYSE DES BANKENSEKTOR IN ÖSTERREICH UND EUROPA17 6.Sektorenanalyse - Österreich17 6.1Marktumfeld in Österreich 2002 und 200317 6.2Ertragslage der in Österreich tätigen Kreditinstitute18 6.3Eigenkapitalrentabilität österreichischer Banken19 6.4Zusammensetzung der Betriebserträge entlang der Geschäftsbereiche und Sektoren19 6.5Zusammensetzung der Aufwendungen und Auswirkungen auf das Betriebsergebnis20 6.6Bilanzsummenwachstum im Schatten erhöhter Risikovorsorgen21 6.7Entwicklung des Kreditgeschäftes22 6.8Entwicklung des Einlagengeschäftes und der Geldvermögensbildung23 6.9Bedeutung der Eigenmittel25 6.10Reduzierung der Bankendichte26 6.11Beschäftigtenentwicklung26 6.12Marktkonzentration zwischen 1997 und 200127 7.Sektorenanalyse - Europa32 7.1Marktumfeld in Europa 2002 und 200334 7.2Entwicklung des Zinsgeschäftes37 7.3Entwicklung des Provisionsgeschäftes38 7.4Entwicklung der Verwaltungsaufwendungen38 7.5Aufwand/Ertrags-Relationen39 7.6Rentabilität europäischer Banken40 7.7Anzahl und Struktur der Banken in Europa41 7.8Anzahl der Bankstellen und Bankstellendichte in Europa42 7.9Anzahl der Kreditinstitute nach Größenklassen 199943 7.10Die Beschäftigtenzahl im europäischen Kreditgewerbe44 TEIL B:GRENZEN VON PROFITABILITÄTUND WACHSTUM IM BANKENSEKTOR47 8.Ertragsdruck47 9.Strukturdruck48 10.Quantitative Analyse: Aktueller Struktur- und Ertragsdruck der Banken in Europa49 10.1Gegenstand der Quantitativen Analyse49 10.2Kennzahlen des Scoring Modells50 10.3Berechnung50 10.4Ergebnisse aus der quantitativen Analyse52 11.Bewertung von Effizienz in der Bankbetriebslehre54 11.1Effizienz in der Bankwirtschaftslehre54 11.2Operative Effizienz56 12.Bewertung von Effizienz in der Volkswirtschaftslehre58 12.1Technische Effizienz58 12.2Kosteneffizienz59 12.3Allokative Effizienz60 12.4Kritische Würdigung60 12.5Risikoeffizienz61 12.6Informationseffizienz61 12.7Neue Methode der Analyse der Effizienz im Bankenwesen62 12.8Effizienzmessungen in Banken anhand der Data Envelopment Analysis62 13.Profitabilität und Wachstum durch Skalen- und Verbundeffekte72 13.1Skaleneffekte72 13.2Verbundeffekte73 13.3Voraussetzungen73 14.Grenzen von Profitabilität und Wachstum74 14.1Implementierung einer Zielrichtung74 14.2Formen der Umsetzung75 14.3Klassische Überlegungen des Käufers und Verkäufers76 14.4Probleme durch Größe77 14.5Preiseffekte und Stabilität durch Zusammenschlüsse77 14.6Wohlfahrtsverluste durch Zusammenschlüsse78 14.7Probleme bei Kapitalmarktbewertungen79 14.8Probleme bei grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenschlüssen79 14.9Probleme durch Eigeninteressen der Bankenmanager80 14.10Fusionsstudien - Erfolgsaussichten von Fusionen81 14.11Überprüfung der positiven, neutralen und negativen Effekte82 TEIL C:RECHTLICHE UND POLITISCHE UMFELDANALYSE IN EUROPA - VERÄNDERUNGEN DER RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN IM BANKENSEKTOR IN EUROPA88 15.Umfeldanalyse - Europa88 15.1Finanzmarktintegration - Vollständig integriertes europäisches Finanzsystem89 15.2Regulierung der europäischen Wertpapiermärkte - Erkenntnisse des Ausschuss der Weisen91 15.3Politisches Orientierungsinstrument - Ausschuss für Finanzdienstleistungen (FSC)93 15.4Weitere Kontrollinstrumente in der EU - neue Ausschussstruktur in allen Finanzdienstleistungssektoren94 16.Transformationen aus Krisen und Initiativen95 16.1Risiken der Bankgeschäfte - Basel II und die Mindestanforderungen an das Kreditgeschäft96 16.2Schutz der Anleger - Rolle der neu organisierten nationalen Aufsichtsbehörde FMA101 16.3Preisstabilität - Die geldpolitische Strategie der EZB108 16.4Finanzmarktstabilität: Erkenntnisse aus dem Financial Sector Assessment Program des IWF111 16.6"Areas of Improvement"118 TEIL D:FINANZÖKONOMISCHE GRUNDLAGEN: VOM KEYNESIANISMUS, MONETARISMUS ZUR FINANZMARKTGLOBALISIERUNG127 17.Ursprünge der Finanzökonomischen Theorie - Keynesianismus127 17.1Gegenüberstellung von Zinstheorien – Wirksamkeit des Zinsmechanismus127 17.2Unsicherheit128 17.3Rolle des Geldes128 17.4Geldpolitik129 17.5Fiskalpolitik129 18.Kerngedanken des Monetarismus130 18.1Monetaristische Sicht der Geldpolitik130 18.2Kritik an der Wirkung diskretionärer Fiskalpolitik131 19.Keynesianismus versus Monetarismus132 20.Freier Kapitalverkehr und Finanzmarktglobalisierung132 20.1Freier Kapitalmarkt132 20.2Finanzmarktglobalisierung133 20.3Zusammenfassung: Kapitalistische Ökonomien versus Keynsianismus133 21.Die beiden idealtypischen Finanzsysteme134 21.1Begriffsdefinitionen: Finanzsektor und Finanzsystem134 21.2Entwicklung von kapitalmarktorientierten und bankenbasierten Finanzierungsstrukturen135 TEIL E:ROLLE VON FINANZINTERMEDIÄREN: FUNKTION, ENTWICKLUNG UND BEDEUTUNG FÜR DIE VOLKSWIRTSCHAFT139 22.Forschungsgebiete und -strömungen rund um die Finanzintermediation139 23.Finanzintermediation im engeren Sinne141 24.Ausgangspunkt Arrow Debreu Modell142 25.Informationsasymmetrien und Transaktionskosten143 25.1Marktunvollkommenheiten144 25.2Neoinstitutionalismus146 26.Monitoring147 26.1Informations- und Maklerfunktion148 27.Versicherung gegen Illiquidität, Finanzgutachter, Finanzproduzent150 27.1Modell von Bryant sowie Diamond und Dybvig150 27.2Modell von Ramakrishnan und Thakor151 27.3Modell von Williamson151 27.4Modell von Calomiris und Kahn152 28.Paradigmenwechsel: Funktionale Sichtweise153 28.1Modell von Bitz153 28.2Modell von Crane, Merton und Bodie154 28.3Risikomanager156 28.4Partizipationskosten157 29.Bedeutung der Geld- und Kreditschöpfung158 29.1Innovation durch den schöpferischen Kredit158 30.Wachstum durch Finanzintermediation159 30.1Erste Erklärungsversuche der neoklassischen Wachstumstheorie160 30.2Modell von Pagano160 30.3Modell von Levine162 30.4Modell von Rajan und Zingales163 30.5Modell von Levine und Zervos164 30.6Modell von Harrison164 30.7Modell von Beck, Levine und Loayza165 TEIL F:ROLLE UND AUFGABEN VON BANKEN – THEORIE DER BANKENÖKONOMIE167 31.Transformation des Bankensektors- Transformation der Rolle und Aufgaben von Banken167 32.Entwicklung der Theorie der Bankökonomie168 32.1Kritik an der Bankbetriebslehre168 32.2Lösungswege169 32.3Modellrahmen170 32.4Abstraktion irrelevanter Sachverhalte171 32.5Abgrenzung von der Theorie der Finanzintermediation171 33.Bankbetrieb, Kreditinstitut, Finanzinstitut, Geldinstitut172 33.1Klassifikation von Banken im Bankwesengesetz - Kreditinstitut nach BWG § 1 Abs. 1173 33.2Klassifikation von Banken im Bankwesengesetz - Finanzinstitut nach BWG § 1 Abs. 2175 34.Grundmodell der Bankenökonomie- Traditionelle Aufgaben und Funktionen einer Bank175 34.1Traditionelle Bankdienstleistungen175 34.2Transaktions- und Transformationsprozess176 34.3Wertschöpfungskette einer Bank177 35.Erweiterung des Grundmodells um die ökonomische Perspektive178 35.1Kapitallenkung178 35.2Stabilität178 35.3Tacit - Knowledge179 TEIL G:ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK180 36.Veränderungen180 37.Aufbau eines effizienten Bankensystems181 38.Konzentration versus Fragmentierung182 39.Kleine versus Grosse Banken183 40.Paradigmenwechsel in der Finanzintermediationstheorie184 41.Literaturverzeichnis185 42.Tabellenverzeichnis190 Anhang A: Aktuelle Bankeneffizienzstudien193 Anhang B: Historischer Überblick über die Finanzintermediationstheorie198 ...

A suspense filled tale of murder on the American frontier-shedding new light on a family of serial killers in Kansas, whose horrifying crimes gripped the attention of a nation still reeling from war.'A carefully researched and horribly compelling examination of unimaginable evil intruding upon everyday life' The ObserverIn 1873 the people of Labette County, Kansas made a grisly discovery. Buried by a trailside cabin beneath an orchard of young apple trees were the remains of countless bodies. Below the cabin itself was a cellar stained with blood. The Benders, the family of four who once resided on the property were nowhere to be found. The discovery sent the local community and national newspapers into a frenzy that continued for decades, sparking an epic manhunt for the Benders. The idea that a family of seemingly respectable homesteaders-one among the thousands relocating farther west in search of land and opportunity after the Civil War-were capable of operating "a human slaughter pen" appalled and fascinated the nation. But who the Benders really were, why they committed such a vicious killing spree and whether justice ever caught up to them is a mystery that remains unsolved to this day. Set against the backdrop of postbellum America, Hell's Half-Acre explores the environment capable of allowing such horrors to take place. Drawing on extensive original archival material, Susan Jonusas introduces us to a fascinating cast of characters, many of whom have been previously missing from the story. Among them are the families of the victims, the hapless detectives who lost the trail, and the fugitives that helped the murderers escape. Hell's Half-Acre is a journey into the turbulent heart of nineteenth century America, a place where modernity stalks across the landscape, violently displacing existing populations and building new ones. It is a world where folklore can quickly become fact and an entire family of criminals can slip through a community's fingers, only to reappear in the most unexpected of places."Dark and bloody, hard-nosed but lyrical, Hell's Half-Acre is a true-crime mass-murder mystery from the Old West. Susan Jonusas has stripped down a notorious story, researched it to hell and back, and rebuilt in prose so immediate and immersive that it feels like she must have been there. Beware the Benders, but all hail Susan Jonusas. This is a stunning debut from a great and powerful new voice in narrative non-fiction." Dan Jones, Sunday Times bestselling author of The Templars, The Plantagenets and Blood and Thrones