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Featured Faculty: Jessica Roth Kate Shaw Myriam Gilles Edward Stein Deborah Pearlstein Betsy Ginsberg Campus News: Clinic Presentations Showcase Student Work Cardozo Students Win Award at World Mediation Competition Events: Fashion Law Symposium Avoiding Ethical Pitfalls in a Complicated Business Environment 2019 Distinguished Lecture in IP Sports Law Symposium Blasphemy and Heresy Colloquium with Keynote Speaker: Professor Deborah Lipstadt The New York Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct: Background and Next Steps Ten Years After Iqbal: Perspectives on Policy, Procedure, and Substance Russian Spies or Political Scapegoats: The Trial and Execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Featured Faculty: Deborah Pearlstein Stewart Sterk Jessica Roth Edward Zelinsky Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum Aman Gebru Ekow N. Yankah Lela Love Kate Shaw Campus News: Randi Weingarten '83, a Crusader in the Fight for Workers' Rights and President of the 1.7-million-member American Federation of Teachers, Talks of Her Passion for Public Service Cardozo Women on the Rise in Real Estate FAME Center and Indie Film Clinic Host Rosenberg Film and Panel ADR Teams Win at Home and Abroad Events: Art Law Society Spring Symposium: From Consignment to the Auction Block March 25, 2019 AELJ Spring Symposium: Digital Art and Blockchain The Democratic Courthouse Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer: A Passion for Civil Liberties The 30th Annual Uri and Caroline Bauer Memorial Lecture 27th Annual Public Service Celebration Music Modernization Panel Data Protection in the Global Marketplace Negotiating a Record Deal Being an Accessory to Change: A Conversation with Designer Kenneth Cole

Featured Faculty: Deborah Pearlstein Stewart Sterk Jessica Roth Edward Zelinsky Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum Aman Gebru Ekow N. Yankah Lela Love Kate Shaw Campus News: Randi Weingarten '83, a Crusader in the Fight for Workers' Rights and President of the 1.7-million-member American Federation of Teachers, Talks of Her Passion for Public Service Cardozo Women on the Rise in Real Estate FAME Center and Indie Film Clinic Host Rosenberg Film and Panel ADR Teams Win at Home and Abroad Events: Art Law Society Spring Symposium: From Consignment to the Auction Block March 25, 2019 AELJ Spring Symposium: Digital Art and Blockchain The Democratic Courthouse Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer: A Passion for Civil Liberties The 30th Annual Uri and Caroline Bauer Memorial Lecture 27th Annual Public Service Celebration Music Modernization Panel Data Protection in the Global Marketplace Negotiating a Record Deal Being an Accessory to Change: A Conversation with Designer Kenneth Cole ; https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/news-brief-2019/1010/thumbnail.jpg

Abstract The sanctuary city movement is aimed at limiting the local enforcement of federal immigration law. Canadian cities have joined this movement by pledging a) to provide access to municipal services without regard to immigration status, and b) to not share information identifying non-status migrants with federal immigration authorities. Despite these promises, local police continue to cooperate with the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). Continued cooperation raises questions about the capacity of cities to honour these promises. This paper shares the results of a preliminary study of the policing of non-status migrants in the Canadian province of Ontario. Relying on interviews with high-ranking police officers in eight local jurisdictions, the authors analyze police perceptions regarding their role in the enforcement of federal immigration law as well as their obligations to honour the spirit and the substance of sanctuary city policies. The study reveals that many police officers believe they possess legal authority to report non-status migrants to federal authorities where, in fact, this authority does not exist. The authors argue that this belief rests on a host of misconceptions about the relationship between criminal law and immigration law, claims of jurisdictional immunity from municipal government, and distortions of the historic, foundational principles of policing in Canada. The authors argue that greater protection of the rights and privacy of non-non-status migrants requires at a minimum a rescaling of sanctuary policies to the provincial level, where policing may be subject to more stringent laws and regulations. Keywords: Sanctuary City; securitization of migration; crimmigration; non-status migrants; policing; scale; jurisdiction ; Hershkowitz, M., Hudson, G., & Bauder, H. (2019). Rescaling the Sanctuary City: Police and Non-Status Migrants in Ontario, Canada. RCIS Working Paper No. 3. Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement.

The League of Women Voters of Texas is a non-partisan organization that works to promote political responsibility through active informed participation of all citizens in their government. In 1919, the Texas Equal Suffrage Association evolved into the Texas League of Women Voters, and today is recognized as the League of Women Voters of Texas. Their hallmark activity is the circulation of Voters' Guides through newspapers prior to elections; locally, regionally, statewide, and nationally. The League's intent is dissemination of information on political candidates, and the objective promotion of "political responsibility through informed and active participation of citizens in government." The organization's efforts, however, are by no means limited to politics, but also address issues on water, health care, hazardous wastes, education, energy, and such international concerns as the United Nations. ; The records of the League of Women Voters of Texas also reflect socio-economic changes in the United States with the active organizational membership drives of the mid to late 1970s in response to American society's evolution into a two income family. Collectively, the materials provide researchers with invaluable insight into politics and political concerns on an international, national, statewide, and local basis. ; The collection consists of materials from national, state, and local files, financial materials, photographs, and publications of the National, Texas, and local leagues, as well as other state leagues. Also included are a study of the national league, scrapbooks, memorabilia, vice-presidential program files, and printed materials. The focus of the collection is on state committees and local units. ; Highlights from the donation include the original 1919 minutes from the Texas Equal Suffrage Association authorizing the organizational conversion to the Texas League of Women Voters, films produced by the group on legislative processes, the 104th Congressional recognition given and signed by Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison on the 75th anniversary of the League of Women Voters of Texas, and the flag that flew over the Texas capitol on that day. ; Box 4, Folder 22

The League of Women Voters of Texas is a non-partisan organization that works to promote political responsibility through active informed participation of all citizens in their government. In 1919, the Texas Equal Suffrage Association evolved into the Texas League of Women Voters, and today is recognized as the League of Women Voters of Texas. Their hallmark activity is the circulation of Voters' Guides through newspapers prior to elections; locally, regionally, statewide, and nationally. The League's intent is dissemination of information on political candidates, and the objective promotion of "political responsibility through informed and active participation of citizens in government." The organization's efforts, however, are by no means limited to politics, but also address issues on water, health care, hazardous wastes, education, energy, and such international concerns as the United Nations. ; The records of the League of Women Voters of Texas also reflect socio-economic changes in the United States with the active organizational membership drives of the mid to late 1970s in response to American society's evolution into a two income family. Collectively, the materials provide researchers with invaluable insight into politics and political concerns on an international, national, statewide, and local basis. ; The collection consists of materials from national, state, and local files, financial materials, photographs, and publications of the National, Texas, and local leagues, as well as other state leagues. Also included are a study of the national league, scrapbooks, memorabilia, vice-presidential program files, and printed materials. The focus of the collection is on state committees and local units. ; Highlights from the donation include the original 1919 minutes from the Texas Equal Suffrage Association authorizing the organizational conversion to the Texas League of Women Voters, films produced by the group on legislative processes, the 104th Congressional recognition given and signed by Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison on the 75th anniversary of the League of Women Voters of Texas, and the flag that flew over the Texas capitol on that day. ; Box 2, Folder 22

The League of Women Voters of Texas is a non-partisan organization that works to promote political responsibility through active informed participation of all citizens in their government. In 1919, the Texas Equal Suffrage Association evolved into the Texas League of Women Voters, and today is recognized as the League of Women Voters of Texas. Their hallmark activity is the circulation of Voters' Guides through newspapers prior to elections; locally, regionally, statewide, and nationally. The League's intent is dissemination of information on political candidates, and the objective promotion of "political responsibility through informed and active participation of citizens in government." The organization's efforts, however, are by no means limited to politics, but also address issues on water, health care, hazardous wastes, education, energy, and such international concerns as the United Nations. ; The records of the League of Women Voters of Texas also reflect socio-economic changes in the United States with the active organizational membership drives of the mid to late 1970s in response to American society's evolution into a two income family. Collectively, the materials provide researchers with invaluable insight into politics and political concerns on an international, national, statewide, and local basis. ; The collection consists of materials from national, state, and local files, financial materials, photographs, and publications of the National, Texas, and local leagues, as well as other state leagues. Also included are a study of the national league, scrapbooks, memorabilia, vice-presidential program files, and printed materials. The focus of the collection is on state committees and local units. ; Highlights from the donation include the original 1919 minutes from the Texas Equal Suffrage Association authorizing the organizational conversion to the Texas League of Women Voters, films produced by the group on legislative processes, the 104th Congressional recognition given and signed by Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison on the 75th anniversary of the League of Women Voters of Texas, and the flag that flew over the Texas capitol on that day. ; Box 22, Folder 3

Dr. Sherman P. Vinograd fulfilled the roles of Chief of Medical Science and Technology and Director of Biomedical Research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from the fall of 1961 until the spring of 1979. In this role he shaped, organized, and directed NASA's program of medical research as a funded program of studies, which was carried out in not only NASA Center laboratories, but also in university, industry, and other government laboratories and hospitals all over the country. It produced a large substrate of information through its bed rest studies, vestibular, bone, neuromuscular, hematology, and cardiovascular researches. It also produced valuable fall-out, such as an accurate bone density measurement technique which is now in common clinical use. ; His major activities during this career were conceptualizing, establishing, and chairing the Space Medicine Advisory Group (SPAMAG) charged with defining the earth-based and space-based research and life-support requirements for a manned orbiting research laboratory. This group designed a carefully planned study utilizing highly qualified, specialized members of the scientific community. They postulated a non-existent orbiting laboratory to be designed according to the needs of future human flight crews and requirements for human spaceflight information. This would result in the creation of Skylab. ; He was also responsible for establishing the In-flight Medical Experiments Program in preparation for the Apollo series of manned space flights. This program was a series of carefully designed flight crew studies derived from proposals by qualified scientists both from within and outside NASA to evaluate human responses to spaceflight. ; In addition, Dr. Vinograd developed a supportive Research and Development Program necessary to provide pertinent ground-based data and to advance state-of-the-art medical measurement technology, a major development of which was the Integrated Medical and Behavioral Laboratory Measurement System (IMBLMS). This consisted of medical experiments and accompanying equipment necessary to perform them that was used from the Gemini through the Skylab manned space flight programs. Carried aboard virtually any post-Apollo space vehicle by virtue of its rack and module design, these designs were used well into the future. He also fostered the continuing ground-based medical research program sponsored and/or conducted by NASA. ; The Dr. Sherman P. Vinograd Aerospace Exploration collection consists of artifacts, books, correspondence, financial materials, newspapers, photographs, plaques, printed materials, and reports relating to Dr. Vinograd's early life, his career as an M. D. prior to joining NASA, his years as a physician and researcher at NASA, and the other professional organizations and projects in which he was involved both during and after these periods. ; Box 4, Folder 22

Quickly changing concepts on gender roles are a pivotal issue in after-colonial African societies. Many women (and men) are calling for a radical change as they feel traditional gender concepts as being oppressive, inhuman and un-Christian. Gender equality, gender fairness is on their agenda. On the other hand, for many men (and women) these societal changes are painful "gender troubles" and seem to be dangerous for gender-based identity, threatening traditional African values. Volume 22 of the BiAS series deals with this central topic by asking what gender troubles have to do with the Bible. Are biblical texts an obstacle for women's liberation? Is the Bible a divine guaranty for male supremacy or rather an advocate for gender equality? What are "redemptive masculinities" and how do they relate to a new, truly Christian understanding of the role of women in church, society and state? – Scholars from different disciplines and several countries are dealing with these urgent questions to help scholars, students, pastors, politicians and members of Christian churches to find a way to more gender fairness and "gender joy".

Psoriasis vulgaris ist eine chronische Erkrankung mit charakteristischen Hautveränderungen, unter welcher in Deutschland ca. 3 % der Bevölkerung leidet. Die typischen psoriatischen Hautveränderungen präsentieren sich als scharf begrenzte, leicht erhabene, rötliche Läsionen, die mit silbrig glänzenden Schuppen bedeckt sind. Diese schmerzhaften und juckenden Läsionen erschrecken oft Uneingeweihte und führen zur Stigmatisierung der Patienten. Dieses ist häufig mit Arbeitsplatzverlust, depressiver Verstimmung, Rückzug aus dem aktiven Leben, sozialem Abstieg, Alkoholmissbrauch und Suizidgedanken verbunden. Als Konsequenz hat Psoriasis vulgaris einen enormen negativen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen und - angesichts der verursachten direkten und indirekten Kosten - eine enorme gesellschaftspolitische Bedeutung. Mikroskopisch unterscheiden sich die psoriatischen Läsionen wesentlich von der gesunden Haut, insbesondere im Bereich der Epidermis. So ist das Stratum spinosum der psoriatischen Läsionen deutlich verdickt (Akanthose) und die Reteleisten sind beträchtlich verlängert. Im Weiteren fehlt das Stratum granulosum und das Stratum corneum besteht nicht - wie in der gesunderen Haut - aus kernlosen, kompakten, hexagonalen Korneozyten, sondern aus Strukturen mit Zellkernresten (Parakeratose) und ist ebenfalls verdickt (Hyperkeratose). Sowohl in der Epidermis als auch Dermis der psoriatischen Läsionen ist eine ausgeprägte Infiltration mit Immunzellen vorzufinden. Die oben beschriebenen epidermalen Veränderungen werden unmittelbar durch zwei Prozesse hervorgerufen: eine deutlich gesteigerte Proliferation der basalen Keratinozyten und eine gehemmte und gestörte terminale Differenzierung der Keratinozyten. Die terminale Differenzierung ist ein Prozess, der zur Entstehung von Korneozyten aus den lebenden, sich ursprünglich teilenden Keratinozyten führt. Er beinhaltet unter anderem: a) die Synthese von spezifischen Proteinen wie Keratin (K)1, K10, Profilaggrin und late cornified envelope protein (LCEs), die ...

Traditional theories deal with ethnic business mainly from the perspectives of structural opportunities and ethnic group characteristics. While they explain very well why some ethnic groups have higher rates of business formation and ownership than others, much less attention has been paid to the role of government policies in regulating the inflow of business immigrants and channelling ethnic entrepreneurs and related resources into different business sectors. Using Canada as a case study, this paper examines how changes in immigration policies have influenced business immigrant flows and ethnic business development (since most ethnic businesses are initiated and run by immigrants). This study found that the recent changes in Canada's immigration programs have resulted in substantial decrease in the inflow of business immigrants, and may turn many resourceful business immigrants to the competing countries of the U.S., Australia and the UK, which all have more affordable and less restrictive investment requirements. The paper suggests that future studies of ethnic business should be expanded to include immigration policies as an explicit facilitating or restricting factor. ; Wang, S. & Hii, R. (2019). Influence of immigration Policies on Supply of Ethnic Business Entrepreneurs in Canada. Toronto: Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement.

Traditional theories deal with ethnic business mainly from the perspectives of structural opportunities and ethnic group characteristics. While they explain very well why some ethnic groups have higher rates of business formation and ownership than others, much less attention has been paid to the role of government policies in regulating the inflow of business immigrants and channelling ethnic entrepreneurs and related resources into different business sectors. Using Canada as a case study, this paper examines how changes in immigration policies have influenced business immigrant flows and ethnic business development (since most ethnic businesses are initiated and run by immigrants). This study found that the recent changes in Canada's immigration programs have resulted in substantial decrease in the inflow of business immigrants, and may turn many resourceful business immigrants to the competing countries of the U.S., Australia and the UK, which all have more affordable and less restrictive investment requirements. The paper suggests that future studies of ethnic business should be expanded to include immigration policies as an explicit facilitating or restricting factor. Keywords: immigration policy; business immigrants; ethnic business; Canadian immigration ; Wang, S. & Hii, R. (2019). Influence of Immigration Policies on Supply of Ethnic Business Entrepreneurs in Canada. RCIS Working Paper No. 1. Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement.

Introduction: The governance of migration and human mobility is a contentious matter, and it has only become more prominent in public, political, and legal spheres. One of the most challenging issues is how to protect and promote the rights of undocumented immigrants, who face multiple forms of legal and social exclusion. In the face of public pressure to control borders, governments must decide whether persons already living and working in cities, towns, and rural areas should be able to access public services, such as health and education. The question of education has become more prominent in the United States and Canada. The norm is for governments and schools to deny or outright exclude undocumented persons from accessing education, but this has been changing in certain jurisdictions, including sanctuary cities and states. Canadian policies are also changing. Although access to education in publicly-funded institutions is currently a legal right for all residents of Ontario (subject to some qualifications unrelated to immigration status), attaining access remains a challenge for undocumented immigrants. Recently, activists have been pushing for a right to access higher education in universities and colleges. Even if not provided for in domestic law, access to education is a legal right under international law. The UN Commission on Human Rights notes that the right to education has a special function, in that it "unlocks other rights when guaranteed, while its denial leads to compounded denials of other human rights and perpetuation of poverty" (UN Commission on Human Rights, 2004, p. 7). Others describe education as an "empowerment right" (Kalantry, Getgen, & Koh, 2010, p. 260; UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [CESCR], 1999). This paper examines existing barriers that undocumented immigrants face if they wish to access post-secondary education in Ontario, Canada. It also addresses the policies that Canadian universities have implemented (or plan to implement) to remove these barriers, thereby allowing undocumented immigrants to obtain formal post-secondary education. It argues that access to higher education is a binding international human right and that provincial governments and universities should ensure access. The primary questions that this research paper aims to address are the following: • What are the legal, procedural, and/or financial barriers to accessing post-secondary education? • Are provincial governments implementing policies to remove these barriers? If so, what are they? • Are Canadian universities implementing policies to remove these barriers? If so, what are they? By addressing key obstacles and identifying possible solutions, we can better advocate for appropriate policy changes. Whereas there is significant literature on this topic in the US, there is far less information in the Canadian context; it is an important matter to bring to the forefront of both Canadian immigration and education policy discussions. Since the constant threat of deportation serves as a silencing mechanism and form of political suppression, it is important to advocate with and, when necessary, on behalf of undocumented migrants. My research will help shed more light on this concern and amplify the need for governments/institutions to find pragmatic ways to resolve this issue. ; Armanyous, M., Hudson, G. (2019). Barriers vs. bridges: Undocumented immigrants' access to post-secondary education in Ontario. RCIS Working Paper No. 5. Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement.

What is a scientific author? What are the different practices for making-up this elusive figure, and how do these connect? Are current modes of enacting authorship still fit for purpose and how might we imagine and enact new forms? What is understood as 'authorship' has varied over time and contexts yet is relevant across all fields of scholarship and science. This multiple figure is deeply interwoven with cognitive aspects of knowledge, such as creativity, originality, and invention, as well as with the institutional aspects of knowledge production, such as reward-systems, ownership and recognition. Authorship is also very much at the centre of ethical considerations in science and scholarship. Questions such as what is an appropriate contribution that warrants authorship, or how are authorship practices affected by increasing competition are of both practical and political importance. Moreover, authorship is linked to communication technologies and social networks: writing a scholarly letter for a print journal differs in important ways from authoring a submission on a Wikipedia page.

The original PDF version of this Article contained an error in the Additional information section, which incorrectly included the statement 'This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2019'. This has been removed from the PDF version of the Article. The HTML version was correct from the time of publication.