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This book attacks the conventional wisdom that bureaucrats are bunglers and the system can't be changed. Michael Barzelay and Babak Armajani trace the source of much poor performance in government to the persistent influence of what they call the bureaucratic paradigm—a theory built on such notions as central control, economy and efficiency, and rigid adherence to rules. Rarely questioned, the bureaucratic paradigm leads competent and faithful public servants—as well as politicians—unwittingly to impair government's ability to serve citizens by weakening, misplacing, and misdirecting accountability.How can this system be changed? Drawing on research sponsored by the Ford Foundation/Harvard University program on Innovations in State and Local Government, this book tells the story of how public officials in one state, Minnesota, cast off the conceptual blinders of the bureaucratic paradigm and experimented with ideas such as customer service, empowering front-line employees to resolve problems, and selectively introducing market forces within government. The author highlights the arguments government executives made for the changes they proposed, traces the way these changes were implemented, and summarizes the impressive results. This approach provides would-be bureaucracy busters with a powerful method for dramatically improving the way government manages the public's business.Generalizing from the Minnesota experience and from similar efforts nationwide, the book proposes a new paradigm that will reframe the perennial debate on public management. With its carefully analyzed ideas, real-life examples, and closely reasoned practical advice, Breaking Through Bureaucracy is indispensable to public managers and students of public policy and administration

Main description: Ancient Greeks and Romans often wrote that the best form of government consists of a mixture of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. Political writers in the early modern period applied this idea to government in England, Venice, and Florence, and Americans used it in designing their constitution. In this history of political thought James Blythe investigates what happened to the concept of mixed constitution during the Middle Ages, when the work of the Greek historian Polybius, the source of many of the formal elements of early modern theory, was unknown in Latin. Although it is generally argued that Renaissance and early modern theories of mixed constitution derived from the revival of classical Polybian models, Blythe demonstrates the pervasiveness of such ideas in high and late medieval thought. The author traces medieval Aristotelian theories concerning the best form of government and concludes that most endorsed a limited monarchy sharing many features with the mixed constitution. He also shows that the major early modern ideas of mixed constitutionalism stemmed from medieval and Aristotelian thought, which partially explains the enthusiastic reception of Polybius in the sixteenth century.Originally published in 1992.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

http://www.biblicalperspectives.com/books/wine_in_the_bible/ Alcoholic beverages have become America's number one public health problem, costing over $117 billion a year and claiming at least 100,000 lives per year, 25 times as many as all illegal drugs combined. Christian churches are partly responsible for the alcohol epidemic raging in America today, because since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, most of them have abandoned their stand for total abstinence, encouraging instead moderation in drinking. Moderation has led millions to become immoderate drinkers. The gradual abandonment of total abstinence by many well-meaning Christians has been encouraged by the belief that the Bible sanctions a moderate use of alcoholic beverages. This belief has provided millions of Christians with an alleged biblical justification for drinking alcohol. In Wine in the Bible Dr. Samuele Bacchiocchi boldly challenges prevailing thinking and scholarship. His painstaking research compellingly shows that the Bible consistently teaches total abstinence as a divine imperative. This teaching has been obscured by many modern Bible versions which mistranslate as "temperance" or "sobriety" some of the clearest biblical admonitions to "abstinence." A thoughtful reading of this book may well provoke a revolution in the attitude of many Christians toward alcoholic beverages. - Forewords. Preface. A Preview of the Book. 1. A Look at the Drinking Problem. 2. The Meaning of "Wine". 3. "Wine" In Biblical Prespective. 4. The Preservation of Grape Juice. 5. Jesus and Wine. 6. Wine in the Apostolic Church. 7. A Look at Some Misunderstood Passages. 8. Ellen White and Alcoholic Beverages. 9. Alcohol in America. Selected Bibliography. Books by the Same Author

Main description: This book analyzes in vivid detail the German debate about the importance and meaning of work as it changed under the impact of industrialization, with special emphasis on the period between the two world wars. A social history of ideas, it covers the writings of such thinkers as Hegel, Marx, and Weber, but also examines contributions made by industrial psychologists, engineers, educators, and others who actively promoted reforms designed to solve the problem of alienation whether by changing the nature of work or by altering worker attitudes. A final section deals with the National Socialists, who promised to reinvigorate the German work ethic, restore joy in work, and reintegrate the German worker into the Volk community. The author draws our attention particularly to the Third Reich's policies and institutions aimed at realizing these Nationalist Socialist objectives concerning the worker. In so doing, Joan Campbell shows how the history of the idea of work deepens our understanding of the origins, nature, and appeal of Nazism. In a broader context, she uses her sources to explore the relationship between social and intellectual change.Originally published in 1989.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Main description: What do long-distance travelers gain from their voyages, especially when faraway lands are regarded as the source of esoteric knowledge? Mary Helms explains how various cultures interpret space and distance in cosmological terms, and why they associate political power with information about strange places, peoples, and things. She assesses the diverse goals of travelers, be they Hindu pilgrims in India, Islamic scholars of West Africa, Navajo traders, or Tlingit chiefs, and discusses the most extensive experience of long-distance contact on record--that between Europeans and native peoples--and the clash of cultures that arose from conflicting expectations about the "faraway.".The author describes her work as "especially concerned with the political and ideological contexts or auras within which long-distance interests and activities may be conducted ... Not only exotic materials but also intangible knowledge of distant realms and regions can be politically valuable `goods,' both for those who have endured the perils of travel and for those sedentary homebodies who are able to acquire such knowledge by indirect means and use it for political advantage."Originally published in 1988.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Born Red is an artistically wrought personal account, written very much from inside the experience, of the years 1966-1969, when the author was a young teenager at middle school. It was in the middle schools that much of the fury of the Cultural Revolution and Red Guard movement was spent, and Gao was caught up in very dramatic events, which he recounts as he understood them at the time. Gao's father was a county political official who was in and out of trouble during those years, and the intense interplay between father and son and the differing perceptions and impact of the Cultural Revolution for the two generations provide both an unusual perspective and some extraordinary moving moments. He also makes deft use of traditional mythology and proverbial wisdom to link, sometimes ironically, past and present. Gao relates in vivid fashion how students-turned-Red Guards held mass rallies against 'capitalist roader' teachers and administrators, marching them through the streets to the accompaniment of chants and jeers and driving some of them to suicide. Eventually the students divided into two factions, and school and town became armed camps. Gao tells of the exhilaration that he and his comrades experienced at their initial victories, of their deepening disillusionment as they utter defeat as the tumultuous first phase of the Cultural Revolution came to a close. The portraits of the persons to whom Gao introduces us - classmates, teachers, family members - gain weight and density as the story unfolds, so that in the end we see how they all became victims of the dynamics of a mass movement out of control

Advances in computer technology, coupled with the sophistication of econometric modelling, have enabled rapid progress in the formulation and solution of optimal control and filtering programmes, especially in the sphere of macroeconomic policy designing. These developments in systems methodology have prompted the need for an interface between optimal control theory and dynamic macroeconomic analysis. The implications of this convergence have already aroused a great deal of research, but it remains to be seen whether policy makers in most developing countries will consider actually incorporating these techniques into planning. The author argues that control and systems theory can be of immense help in stabilizing those economies plagued by cyclical and structural problems. By demonstrating the applicability of control filter theory to short-term macroeconomic planning, this book illuminates the impressive array of problems that can thereby be solved, and helps foster a closer working relationship between economists and control theorists. The work deals specifically with the construction of a Kalman filter mechanism, for deriving short-term optimal economic policies under conditions of uncertainty. It specifies and resolves a macroeconometric model which is linked to a unique observation sub-system of a given economy, congruent with the errors in information signalling which are prevalent within the data base context of most developing countries. An evaluation of control settings contrasts short and long-term economic policies. This indicates that an economy may `overheat' under protracted settings of instrument values around their optimal levels if the constraints on the system, in the form of external shocks, are too great to allow reaching all targets simultaneously using feasible instrument paths.

This new textbook for students of social theory considers the role of public intervention in social and economic processes. It is a clear, critical discussion of different theoretical and political perspectives on social policy. Barry Hindess begins with the 'consensus' view, shared by senior politicians, civil servants, and academics throughout much of the postwar period. This view depends on two beliefs: in the capacity of government to manage the economy; and in the development of a qualitatively new relationship between the state and the population. The first is discussed in relation to Crosland's The Future of Socialism, and the second in relation to Marshall's conception of citizenship and Titmuss's account of social policy. The consensus view generated serious objections, and Hindess examines two in particular. One is the argument that the view itself causes a destructive, competitive struggle between sectional interests for state intervention in their favour. The other, from the left, is that what Tawney called 'the strategy of equality' has failed, and that a more radical attack on inequality is required. The remaining section looks at the Marxist and liberal alternatives to the consensus view. In conclusion, the author discusses firstly the essentialism of the market both in consensus and (in very different ways) in liberal and Marxist thought; and secondly the place of principles such as freedom and equality in political discussion and the analysis of social conditions. He shows that market and plan are not necessarily incompatible. Freedom, Equality, and the Market, with its careful assessment of the key texts, will be important reading for undergraduate students of sociology and social policy.

1. Introduction -- 1. Subject Matter -- 2. Previous Work -- 3. Choice in Labor Markets -- 4. Outline of Remaining Chapters -- 2. Search in Labor Markets -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Worker Search Behavior -- 3. Impacts of Labor Market Conditions -- 4. Extensions -- 5. Distributions of Workers and Jobs -- 6. Behavior of the firm -- 7. Summary -- 3. The Valuation of Unemployment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alternative Valuations -- 3. Previous Estimates -- 4. Direct Estimates -- 5. Aggregate Approach -- 6. Labor Force Participation Approach -- 7. Cross-Section Estimates -- 8. General Conclusions -- Appendix: Data Sources -- 4. The Distribution of Employment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous Work -- 3. Sources of Inequality -- 4. Distribution of the Time Spent Unemployed -- 5. Employment Inequality -- 6. Heterogeneous Transition Rates -- 7. Conclusions -- 5. The Distribution of Wage Rates -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Truncated Wage Offer Distributions -- 3. Accepted Wage Distribution -- 4. The Contribution of Choice -- 5. The Source of Wage Rate Dispersion -- 6. Summary -- 6. Inequality -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Statistical Relations -- 3. Observed Earnings Inequality -- 4. The Role of Choice and Uncertain Outcomes -- 5. Unemployment-Compensated Wage Rates -- 6. Inequality by Source -- 7. Summary -- 7. The Operation of Labor Markets -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dual Labor Markets -- 3. The Business Cycle -- 4. Wage Rigidity, Wage Resistance and the Aggregate Supply Curve -- 8. Chronic Underemployment and Regression Towards the Mean -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Advantageous Trades and the Economic Role of Unemployment -- 3. Definition of Underemployment -- 4. Tests for Underemployment -- 5. Regression Towards the Mean -- 6. Chronic Underemployment -- 7. Comparison with Previous Theories -- 9. Summary -- 1. Ten Theoretical Conclusions -- 2. Ten Empirical Results -- 3. Six Remaining Tasks -- 4. Three New Directions -- References -- Author Index.

Intro -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- List of Contributors -- I Gender and the Life Course in Historical Perspective -- 1 Evolutionary Perspectives on Sex Differences in the Higher Primates -- 2 Age, Gender, and the Demographic Transition: The Life Course in Agrarian Societies -- 3 The Life Cycle, Savings, and Demographic Adaptation: Some Historical Evidence for the United States and Europe -- 4 The Demography of Life-Span Transitions: Temporal and Gender Comparisons -- II Gender Differentiation and Social Institutions -- A. Gender and Individual Development -- 5 The Psychobiology of Gender -- 6 The Subjective Experience of Life-Span Transitions -- B. Gender, Age, and Deviance -- 7 The Effect of Age and Gender on Deviant Behavior: A Biopsychosocial Perspective -- C. Gender and the Family -- 8 Fertility as an Adjustment to Risk -- 9 Gender and Parenthood -- D. Gender and the Economy -- 10 Family, Gender, and Occupation in Industrial France: Past and Present -- 11 The Work Histories of Women and Men: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out -- 12 Organizational Barriers to Gender Equality: Sex Segregation of Jobs and Opportunities -- E. Gender and the State -- 13 Gender Politics: Love and Power in the Private and Public Spheres -- 14 Women and the State: Ideology, Power, and the Welfare State -- III Gender and the Life Course in Aging Societies -- 15 Interpretive Social Science and Research on Aging -- 16 Life-Course Analysis in Social Gerontology: Using Replicated Social Surveys to Study Cohort Differences -- 17 Aging Policies and Old Women: The Hidden Agenda -- 18 Women, Men, and the Lengthening Life Course -- Author Index -- Subject Index

This book is concerned with the use of fiscal and monetary policies to overcome three major obstacles to development commonly faced by less developed countries: inadequate investment; misallocation of investment resources; and internal and external imbalances i.e. inflation and balance of payments deficits. The book is divided into six chapters the first two of which are devoted to the definition of concepts and to an explanation of the Keynesian model of income determination and of Kalecki's model of financing investment, within the framework of which the role of fiscal and monetary measures and of foreign capital is later examined. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss the role of fiscal measures and of foreign capital, respectively, in promoting domestic investment. Chapter 5 examines the use of both fiscal and monetary instruments, including industrial and agricultural development banks, to influence the pattern of investment. The last chapter is devoted to the problems of internal and external imbalances. The author examines policies pursued by a representative sample of developing countries and concludes that most of them fail adequately to exploit the potential of fiscal and monetary instruments and of foreign capital to overcome the three sets of obstacles to development largely bacause of institutonal (socio-political) constraints. The approach to inflation and balance of payments difficulties followed in the book differs significantly from that of monetarists, notably the Chicago school and the IMF, whose basic propositions are reviewed and critically examined in some detail in Chapters 2 and 6. Although the primary focus of the book is on developing economies, this part of it is also relevant to industrial countries

1. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.1. Some Preliminary Observations on Water -- 1.2. Hydrology -- 1.3. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.4. Some Basic Principles of Hydrology -- 1.5. Terrain Hydrology -- 1.6. Change in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.7. Wastage in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.8. The International Hydrologie Decade -- 1.9. The United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade -- 1.10. Drought, a Disruption in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.11. Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.12. The Global Water Balance -- 2. The Atmosphere -- 2.1. Energy in the Atmosphere -- 2.2. Atmospheric Moisture -- 2.3. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrometeorology -- 2.4. Circulation in the Atmosphere -- 2.5. Measurement of Precipitation -- 2.6. Measurement of Evaporation -- 2.7. Gauging of Snow -- 2.8. Atmospheric Water in Soil Erosion -- 2.9. Wind and Pressure -- 2.10. The Earth and its Atmosphere -- 3. Rivers -- 3.1. Rates of Flow and Discharge of Rivers -- 3.2. The Basin Hydrologic Cycle -- 3.3. Basin Morphometry -- 3.4. River Load -- 3.5. River Erosion Studies -- 3.6. The Forms of Channels -- 3.7. Flood Hazards -- 3.8. Water Movement through Soil -- 4. Lakes and other Surface Water Manifestations -- 4.1. General Characteristics of Lakes -- 4.2. Dynamics of Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.3. Leakages from Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.4. 18O and D Concentrations with Reference to the Water Balance of Lakes -- 4.5. The Total Lake Water Resources of the Earth -- 4.6. Springs -- 4.7. Snow Packs and Glaciers -- 5. The Oceans -- 5.1. Seas and Oceans -- 5.2. Structure of Oceanic Basins -- 5.3. Oceanic Circulation -- 5.4. Other Motions in the Oceans -- 5.5. Coastlines -- 5.6. The Deposits of the Deep Oceans -- 5.7. The History of the Deep Oceans -- 5.8. The Chemistry and Biology of the Seas -- Author Index -- Places Index.

Offering alternative models based on such concepts as satisficing (acceptance of viable choices that may not be the undiscoverable optimum) and bounded rationality (the limited extent to which rational calculation can direct human behavior), Simon shows concretely why more empirical research based on experiments and direct observation, rather than just statistical analysis of economic aggregates, is needed.Throughout Herbert Simon's wide-ranging career--in public administration, business administration, economics, cognitive psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and computer science--his central aim has been to explain the nature of the thought processes that people use in making decisions.The third volume of Simon's collected papers continues this theme, bringing together work on this and other economics-related topics that have occupied his attention in the 1980s and 1990s: how to represent causal ordering formally in dynamic systems, the implications for society of new electronic information systems, employee and managerial motivation in the business firm (specifically the implications for economics of the propensity of human beings to identify with the goals of organizations), and the state of economics itself.Offering alternative models based on such concepts as satisficing (acceptance of viable choices that may not be the undiscoverable optimum) and bounded rationality (the limited extent to which rational calculation can direct human behavior), Simon shows concretely why more empirical research based on experiments and direct observation, rather than just statistical analysis of economic aggregates, is needed.The twenty-seven articles, in five sections, each with an introduction by the author, examine the modeling of economic systems, technological change: information technology, motivation and the theory of the firm, and behavioral economics and bounded rationality.

Negotiations on an international commodity policy have been the central issue on the North-South agenda for the past three years. They also can be seen as the first major effort to give substantive meaning to the Third World's desire not only for a new regime for the world's raw commodity trade but also for a New International Economic Order. Yet various obstacles have impeded successful North-South bargaining, and the negotiations remain at a stalemate. Focusing on the bargaining process between developed and developing countries in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Robert Rothstein analyzes the factors that have inhibited successful negotiation and suggests ways in which these obstacles might be removed. The first part of the book focuses on the specifics of the commodity debate, while in the second part the author attempts to explain the causes of delay, misunderstanding, and mistrust within the negotiating process. Assessing the possibility of devising an effective bargaining policy among unequal parties with conflicting values and interests, Professor Rothstein suggests a number of structural, institutional, and conceptual reforms. Originally published in 1979. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This book provides the first full account of a major social and political movement of the interwar years in Canada: the campaign for "Maritime Rights" which erupted in the Atlantic provinces after World War I. Ernest R. Forbes traces the history of the movement from its origins in the decline in relative status and influence of the Maritimes that accompanied the rise of the West and the growing dominance of the Central Canadian metropolises. Maritimers saw their political influence reduced, the underpinnings of their economy - especially in the critical areas of tariffs, freight rates, and subsidies - whittled away, and Canada defined in terms that seemed to exclude them. Adopting a strategy characteristic of the progressive movements of the period, they attempted through organization and agitation to restore their position. Farmers, fishermen, manufacturers, and organized labour articulated their demands through the provincial press, boards of trade, union locals, educational conferences, and mass delegations to Ottawa. Professor Forbes challenges traditional assumptions in his emphasis upon a vigorous Maritime progressivism that transcended party affiliations. All the political parties tried to use the protest movement, but none had created it, nor had it a specific founder or leader. The agitiation was in fact a spontaneous expression of the economic and social frustrations of the Maritime people. Although their efforts were largely defeated by the conflicting interests of stronger regions, and by the King government's adoitness in defusing protest through a policy of study and delay, the author believes that the aroused Maritimers had succeeded in establishing their difficulties in the public's mind as a national problem.