Suchergebnisse

Summary Fixed-term Employment Contract in the Context of Other Employment Contracts A right to work is one of the basic human rights. After Lithuania joined the European Union, it's legal system became inseperable part of Lithuania's legal system, therefore the author of this thesis is comparing the possibilities for formation, pursuance and discontinuation of temporary job contract in accordance with acting legal regulations, emphasising the restrictions, which were not present until Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania came to act. Thus, the author gives the analysis if the provisions of directive, regulating the work by temporary job contracts, are implemented into the Lithuanian legal system. The thesis concentrates mainly on temporary job contract, it's formation possibilities and laws, prohibiting formation of such contract. In order to display the pecularities of temporary job contract, the author reviews necessary contract preconditions not only for temporary job contracts, but other job contracts as well, including temporary job, seasonal job, avocation, settlement for additional job. Author points out the guarantees and restrictions, which originate when a temporary job contract is signed instead of usual job contract. The author pays great attention to job contracts where the contractor is the head of a company, and emphasises the basis of discontinuation of such contracts.

Summary Fixed-term Employment Contract in the Context of Other Employment Contracts A right to work is one of the basic human rights. After Lithuania joined the European Union, it's legal system became inseperable part of Lithuania's legal system, therefore the author of this thesis is comparing the possibilities for formation, pursuance and discontinuation of temporary job contract in accordance with acting legal regulations, emphasising the restrictions, which were not present until Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania came to act. Thus, the author gives the analysis if the provisions of directive, regulating the work by temporary job contracts, are implemented into the Lithuanian legal system. The thesis concentrates mainly on temporary job contract, it's formation possibilities and laws, prohibiting formation of such contract. In order to display the pecularities of temporary job contract, the author reviews necessary contract preconditions not only for temporary job contracts, but other job contracts as well, including temporary job, seasonal job, avocation, settlement for additional job. Author points out the guarantees and restrictions, which originate when a temporary job contract is signed instead of usual job contract. The author pays great attention to job contracts where the contractor is the head of a company, and emphasises the basis of discontinuation of such contracts.

Summary Fixed-term Employment Contract in the Context of Other Employment Contracts A right to work is one of the basic human rights. After Lithuania joined the European Union, it's legal system became inseperable part of Lithuania's legal system, therefore the author of this thesis is comparing the possibilities for formation, pursuance and discontinuation of temporary job contract in accordance with acting legal regulations, emphasising the restrictions, which were not present until Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania came to act. Thus, the author gives the analysis if the provisions of directive, regulating the work by temporary job contracts, are implemented into the Lithuanian legal system. The thesis concentrates mainly on temporary job contract, it's formation possibilities and laws, prohibiting formation of such contract. In order to display the pecularities of temporary job contract, the author reviews necessary contract preconditions not only for temporary job contracts, but other job contracts as well, including temporary job, seasonal job, avocation, settlement for additional job. Author points out the guarantees and restrictions, which originate when a temporary job contract is signed instead of usual job contract. The author pays great attention to job contracts where the contractor is the head of a company, and emphasises the basis of discontinuation of such contracts.

Summary Fixed-term Employment Contract in the Context of Other Employment Contracts A right to work is one of the basic human rights. After Lithuania joined the European Union, it's legal system became inseperable part of Lithuania's legal system, therefore the author of this thesis is comparing the possibilities for formation, pursuance and discontinuation of temporary job contract in accordance with acting legal regulations, emphasising the restrictions, which were not present until Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania came to act. Thus, the author gives the analysis if the provisions of directive, regulating the work by temporary job contracts, are implemented into the Lithuanian legal system. The thesis concentrates mainly on temporary job contract, it's formation possibilities and laws, prohibiting formation of such contract. In order to display the pecularities of temporary job contract, the author reviews necessary contract preconditions not only for temporary job contracts, but other job contracts as well, including temporary job, seasonal job, avocation, settlement for additional job. Author points out the guarantees and restrictions, which originate when a temporary job contract is signed instead of usual job contract. The author pays great attention to job contracts where the contractor is the head of a company, and emphasises the basis of discontinuation of such contracts.

Analysis of this Master's Paper is developed in three directions: firstly, the author summarized the issues of the international and national criminal law. Attention is drawn to the place of the international treaties in the Lithuanian law, focusing on the national criminal law implications of such treaties; attempting to determine the possibility of direct application of the treaties in the criminal law. The author concludes that international treaties regulating the matters that are relevant to criminal justice should be transferred to national laws. The second part of the Paper analyses the significance of the treaties on the protection of universal human rights and freedoms, such as the Universal Charter on Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECPHRFF) and of the conventions adopted by the United Nations Organization in general, to the criminal law of Lithuania. The author does not aim at defining the importance of the particular rules of law to the national criminal law, and distinguishes instead the trends of the national criminal law implications. Analyzing the ECPHRFF, the author emphasizes the special character of this international treaty also drawing attention to the problem of interaction between the blanket dispositions constructed in the Lithuanian criminal law and the principle of nullum crimen sine lege guaranteed by the Convention. The Master's Paper concludes that implementation of the international legal acts guaranteeing the protection of personal rights in terms of criminal law of Lithuania is being implemented with sufficient accuracy. In the final part of the Master's Paper the relevance of the European Union (EU) law with regard to the national criminal law is summarized. In the first instance the author draws attention to the issue of relevance of the primary EU law to the national criminal law, which practically has not been analyzed by the Lithuanian scientists. Analyzing separate types of the secondary legislation passed by the EU authorities, in the first instance the features of each legal act – regulation, directive, decision, framework decision, general actions, recommendations, opinions, guidelines and conventions – are distinguished. The author aims at disclosing the manner in which the features of each secondary legal act of the EU influence the national criminal law. Also, the possibilities of the direct application of regulations, directives and decisions in the national law are elaborate. The author concludes that it is the secondary legislation by means of which the criminal law of the Member States is being approximated, whereas appropriate implementation of the secondary legislation of the EU, as a rule, requires corrections of the criminal law.

Analysis of this Master's Paper is developed in three directions: firstly, the author summarized the issues of the international and national criminal law. Attention is drawn to the place of the international treaties in the Lithuanian law, focusing on the national criminal law implications of such treaties; attempting to determine the possibility of direct application of the treaties in the criminal law. The author concludes that international treaties regulating the matters that are relevant to criminal justice should be transferred to national laws. The second part of the Paper analyses the significance of the treaties on the protection of universal human rights and freedoms, such as the Universal Charter on Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECPHRFF) and of the conventions adopted by the United Nations Organization in general, to the criminal law of Lithuania. The author does not aim at defining the importance of the particular rules of law to the national criminal law, and distinguishes instead the trends of the national criminal law implications. Analyzing the ECPHRFF, the author emphasizes the special character of this international treaty also drawing attention to the problem of interaction between the blanket dispositions constructed in the Lithuanian criminal law and the principle of nullum crimen sine lege guaranteed by the Convention. The Master's Paper concludes that implementation of the international legal acts guaranteeing the protection of personal rights in terms of criminal law of Lithuania is being implemented with sufficient accuracy. In the final part of the Master's Paper the relevance of the European Union (EU) law with regard to the national criminal law is summarized. In the first instance the author draws attention to the issue of relevance of the primary EU law to the national criminal law, which practically has not been analyzed by the Lithuanian scientists. Analyzing separate types of the secondary legislation passed by the EU authorities, in the first instance the features of each legal act – regulation, directive, decision, framework decision, general actions, recommendations, opinions, guidelines and conventions – are distinguished. The author aims at disclosing the manner in which the features of each secondary legal act of the EU influence the national criminal law. Also, the possibilities of the direct application of regulations, directives and decisions in the national law are elaborate. The author concludes that it is the secondary legislation by means of which the criminal law of the Member States is being approximated, whereas appropriate implementation of the secondary legislation of the EU, as a rule, requires corrections of the criminal law.

Analysis of this Master's Paper is developed in three directions: firstly, the author summarized the issues of the international and national criminal law. Attention is drawn to the place of the international treaties in the Lithuanian law, focusing on the national criminal law implications of such treaties; attempting to determine the possibility of direct application of the treaties in the criminal law. The author concludes that international treaties regulating the matters that are relevant to criminal justice should be transferred to national laws. The second part of the Paper analyses the significance of the treaties on the protection of universal human rights and freedoms, such as the Universal Charter on Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECPHRFF) and of the conventions adopted by the United Nations Organization in general, to the criminal law of Lithuania. The author does not aim at defining the importance of the particular rules of law to the national criminal law, and distinguishes instead the trends of the national criminal law implications. Analyzing the ECPHRFF, the author emphasizes the special character of this international treaty also drawing attention to the problem of interaction between the blanket dispositions constructed in the Lithuanian criminal law and the principle of nullum crimen sine lege guaranteed by the Convention. The Master's Paper concludes that implementation of the international legal acts guaranteeing the protection of personal rights in terms of criminal law of Lithuania is being implemented with sufficient accuracy. In the final part of the Master's Paper the relevance of the European Union (EU) law with regard to the national criminal law is summarized. In the first instance the author draws attention to the issue of relevance of the primary EU law to the national criminal law, which practically has not been analyzed by the Lithuanian scientists. Analyzing separate types of the secondary legislation passed by the EU authorities, in the first instance the features of each legal act – regulation, directive, decision, framework decision, general actions, recommendations, opinions, guidelines and conventions – are distinguished. The author aims at disclosing the manner in which the features of each secondary legal act of the EU influence the national criminal law. Also, the possibilities of the direct application of regulations, directives and decisions in the national law are elaborate. The author concludes that it is the secondary legislation by means of which the criminal law of the Member States is being approximated, whereas appropriate implementation of the secondary legislation of the EU, as a rule, requires corrections of the criminal law.

Analysis of this Master's Paper is developed in three directions: firstly, the author summarized the issues of the international and national criminal law. Attention is drawn to the place of the international treaties in the Lithuanian law, focusing on the national criminal law implications of such treaties; attempting to determine the possibility of direct application of the treaties in the criminal law. The author concludes that international treaties regulating the matters that are relevant to criminal justice should be transferred to national laws. The second part of the Paper analyses the significance of the treaties on the protection of universal human rights and freedoms, such as the Universal Charter on Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECPHRFF) and of the conventions adopted by the United Nations Organization in general, to the criminal law of Lithuania. The author does not aim at defining the importance of the particular rules of law to the national criminal law, and distinguishes instead the trends of the national criminal law implications. Analyzing the ECPHRFF, the author emphasizes the special character of this international treaty also drawing attention to the problem of interaction between the blanket dispositions constructed in the Lithuanian criminal law and the principle of nullum crimen sine lege guaranteed by the Convention. The Master's Paper concludes that implementation of the international legal acts guaranteeing the protection of personal rights in terms of criminal law of Lithuania is being implemented with sufficient accuracy. In the final part of the Master's Paper the relevance of the European Union (EU) law with regard to the national criminal law is summarized. In the first instance the author draws attention to the issue of relevance of the primary EU law to the national criminal law, which practically has not been analyzed by the Lithuanian scientists. Analyzing separate types of the secondary legislation passed by the EU authorities, in the first instance the features of each legal act – regulation, directive, decision, framework decision, general actions, recommendations, opinions, guidelines and conventions – are distinguished. The author aims at disclosing the manner in which the features of each secondary legal act of the EU influence the national criminal law. Also, the possibilities of the direct application of regulations, directives and decisions in the national law are elaborate. The author concludes that it is the secondary legislation by means of which the criminal law of the Member States is being approximated, whereas appropriate implementation of the secondary legislation of the EU, as a rule, requires corrections of the criminal law.

This paper explores the conditions for close collaboration between higher education institutions and printing industry. Firstly, the author demonstrates that formal methods in education fail to correspond to a present day reality, and, secondly, she sets recommendations for tackling the problems. For a thorough analysis of the situation, the author considers strategic development plans for higher education in the European Union and Lithuania, analyses models and options for collaboration between higher education institutions and industry in other countries, a qualitative survey is carried out in the form of an interview of managers of Lithuanian printing companies and of the printing department of higher education institutions.

This paper explores the conditions for close collaboration between higher education institutions and printing industry. Firstly, the author demonstrates that formal methods in education fail to correspond to a present day reality, and, secondly, she sets recommendations for tackling the problems. For a thorough analysis of the situation, the author considers strategic development plans for higher education in the European Union and Lithuania, analyses models and options for collaboration between higher education institutions and industry in other countries, a qualitative survey is carried out in the form of an interview of managers of Lithuanian printing companies and of the printing department of higher education institutions.

Parties reach an amicable settlement of any disputes in Lithuania by the way of making an amicable settlement more and more often, so founding out of what legal power has the settlement in the civil procedure, what problems arise to the parties after reconciliation, what tendencies recently appear in the reconciliation process and what objects are pursued in reconciliation of the parties in the course of civil proceedings were actual. The author analyses reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings with the major tasks to reinstate both the legal and the social peace. The author also presents some samples of cases, which were resolved amicably. Objectives of the Master's final thesis were as follows: 1. Estimation of reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings; 2. Estimation of the legal and social meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 3. Exhaustive and well-rounded disclosure of the meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 4. Representing of the newly originated and actively developing alternative way of settlement of civil and commercial disputes- mediation. At the end of the thesis the author presents some conclusions and offers for improvement of reconciliation procedure regulation.

Parties reach an amicable settlement of any disputes in Lithuania by the way of making an amicable settlement more and more often, so founding out of what legal power has the settlement in the civil procedure, what problems arise to the parties after reconciliation, what tendencies recently appear in the reconciliation process and what objects are pursued in reconciliation of the parties in the course of civil proceedings were actual. The author analyses reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings with the major tasks to reinstate both the legal and the social peace. The author also presents some samples of cases, which were resolved amicably. Objectives of the Master's final thesis were as follows: 1. Estimation of reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings; 2. Estimation of the legal and social meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 3. Exhaustive and well-rounded disclosure of the meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 4. Representing of the newly originated and actively developing alternative way of settlement of civil and commercial disputes- mediation. At the end of the thesis the author presents some conclusions and offers for improvement of reconciliation procedure regulation.

The transaction value method is prevailing for the purpose of customs valuation. Therefore, in this study the author analyses the customs valuation legislation of the Agreement on customs valuation of WTO, Customs Code of the European Union and its implementing provisions as well as the legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian. The study is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter author introduces in brief the regulation of this specific method, the second- reasons of its prevailing in customs valuation. Next chapter more in detail analyzes such concepts of transaction value as "sold", "sold for export", "price actually paid or payable", "activities, undertaken by the buyer on his own account". The fourth chapter is dedicated to the conditions for the departure of the transaction value method. The fifth chapter analyzes the elements of pricing of transaction value. The last ones analyze documents produced to support the transaction value and the particularity of the valuation of the imported used cars. The comparative analysis of legal acts and judicial decisions proves that it is important to understand properly the transaction value method and all of its elements as it directly relate to the payable customs and other taxes. The author also concludes that customs legislation of the Republic of Lithuania is not well harmonized with the EC legislation ant International trade practice.

The transaction value method is prevailing for the purpose of customs valuation. Therefore, in this study the author analyses the customs valuation legislation of the Agreement on customs valuation of WTO, Customs Code of the European Union and its implementing provisions as well as the legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian. The study is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter author introduces in brief the regulation of this specific method, the second- reasons of its prevailing in customs valuation. Next chapter more in detail analyzes such concepts of transaction value as "sold", "sold for export", "price actually paid or payable", "activities, undertaken by the buyer on his own account". The fourth chapter is dedicated to the conditions for the departure of the transaction value method. The fifth chapter analyzes the elements of pricing of transaction value. The last ones analyze documents produced to support the transaction value and the particularity of the valuation of the imported used cars. The comparative analysis of legal acts and judicial decisions proves that it is important to understand properly the transaction value method and all of its elements as it directly relate to the payable customs and other taxes. The author also concludes that customs legislation of the Republic of Lithuania is not well harmonized with the EC legislation ant International trade practice.