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The question of why some countries have democratic regimes and others do not is a significant issue in comparative politics. This book looks at India and Pakistan, two countries with clearly contrasting political regime histories, and presents an argument on why India is a democracy and Pakistan is not. Focusing on the specificities and the nuances of each state system, the author examines in detail the balance of authority and power between popular or elected politicians and the state apparatus through substantial historical analysis. India and Pakistan are both large, multi-religious and multi-lingual countries sharing a geographic and historical space that in 1947, when they became independent from British rule, gave them a virtually indistinguishable level of both extreme poverty and inequality. All of those factors militate against democracy, according to most theories, and in Pakistan democracy did indeed fail very quickly after Independence. It has only been restored as a façade for military-bureaucratic rule for brief periods since then. In comparison, after almost thirty years of democracy, India had a brush with authoritarian rule, in the 1975-76 Emergency, and some analysts were perversely reassured that the India exception had been erased. But instead, after a momentous election in 1977, democracy has become stronger over the last thirty years. Providing a comparative analysis of the political systems of India and Pakistan as well as a historical overview of the two countries, this textbook constitutes essential reading for students of South Asian History and Politics. It is a useful and balanced introduction to the politics of India and Pakistan.

The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics provides a unique work of reference to the leading ideas, debates, topics, approaches and methodologies in Forensic Linguistics. Forensic Linguistics is the study of language and the law, covering topics from legal language and courtroom discourse to plagiarism. It looks at the linguist as expert providing evidence for the defence and prosecution, investigating areas from blackmail to trademarks and warning labels. The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics includes a comprehensive introduction to the field written by the editors and a collection of thirty-seven original chapters written by the world's leading academics and professionals, both established and up-and-coming, designed to equip a new generation of students and researchers to carry out forensic linguistic research and analysis.The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics is the ideal resource for undergraduates or postgraduates new to the area.Malcolm Coulthard is Professor of Forensic Linguistics at Aston University, UK. Author of numerous publications, the most recent being An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics (co-authored with Alison Johnson, Routledge, 2007). Alison Johnson is Lecturer in Modern English Language at Leeds University, UK. Previous publications include An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics (co-authored with Malcolm Coulthard, Routledge, 2007). Contributors: Janet Ainsworth, Michelle Aldridge, Dawn Archer, Kelly Benneworth, Vijay Bhatia, Ronald R. Butters, Deborah Cao, Malcolm Coulthard, Paul Drew and Traci Walker, Bethany Dumas, Diana Eades, Susan Ehrlich, Fiona English, Tim Grant, Peter Gray, Gillian Grebler, Mel Greenlee, Sandra Beatriz Hale, Chris Heffer, Elizabeth Holt and Alison Johnson, Kate Howarth, Michael Jessen, Krzystof Kredens and Ruth Morris, Greg Matoesian, Gerald McMenamin, Frances Rock, Laura

Scholars in all fields now have access to an unprecedented wealth of online information, tools, and services. The Internet lies at the core of an information infrastructure for distributed, data-intensive, and collaborative research. Although much attention has been paid to the new technologies making this possible, from digitized books to sensor networks, it is the underlying social and policy changes that will have the most lasting effect on the scholarly enterprise. In Scholarship in the Digital Age, Christine Borgman explores the technical, social, legal, and economic aspects of the kind of infrastructure that we should be building for scholarly research in the twenty-first century. Borgman describes the roles that information technology plays at every stage in the life cycle of a research project and contrasts these new capabilities with the relatively stable system of scholarly communication, which remains based on publishing in journals, books, and conference proceedings. No framework for the impending "data deluge" exists comparable to that for publishing. Analyzing scholarly practices in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities, Borgman compares each discipline's approach to infrastructure issues. In the process, she challenges the many stakeholders in the scholarly infrastructure--scholars, publishers, libraries, funding agencies, and others--to look beyond their own domains to address the interaction of technical, legal, economic, social, political, and disciplinary concerns. Scholarship in the Digital Age will provoke a stimulating conversation among all who depend on a rich and robust scholarly environment.Christine L. Borgman is Professor and Presidential Chair in Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of From Gutenberg to the Global Information Infrastructure: Access to Information in the Networked World (MIT Press, 2000).

A critical challenge to Scotland's new system of government is the making and implementation of public policy. This book offers a comprehensive account of the policy process in contemporary Scotland. There is a review of theories of policy-making, focusing on decentralised systems. The author then identifies the key actors and institutions, patterns of policy making, and the extent of convergence and divergence in comparison with England and other devolved territories. Case studies of policy making in health, higher education, housing, criminal justice, social inclusion and economic development allow the reader to see how policy making works in practice. There is an analysis of financial planning and decision making, and an examination of Scotland's role in UK and European policy networks. Comparisons are made with other devolved governments in Europe and beyond. The book is based on extensive research, including interviews with leaders of interest groups, politicians and officials across the Scottish Government and in the Scottish Parliament, an analysis of spending patterns, an examination of the legislative output, and case studies of policy making. Key Features Provides the only comprehensive account of policy-making under devolution in Scotland Places Scotland within a broader theoretical and comparative framework and analyses institutions and processes of policy-making Contains case studies of specific policy fields and a thorough treatment of financial questions Emphasis is placed on Scotland's insertion into UK, European and international networks Michael Keating is Professor of Politics at the University of Aberdeen and was previously Professor at the European University Institute, Florence. He has taught in several countries and published widely on nationalism, regionalism and public policy.

What can and can't be copied is a matter of law, but also of aesthetics, culture, and economics. The act of copying, and the creation and transaction of rights relating to it, evokes fundamental notions of communication and censorship, of authorship and ownership—of privilege and property. This volume conceives a new history of copyright law that has its roots in a wide range of norms and practices. The essays reach back to the very material world of craftsmanship and mechanical inventions of Renaissance Italy where, in 1469, the German master printer Johannes of Speyer obtained a five-year exclusive privilege to print in Venice and its dominions. Along the intellectual journey that follows, we encounter John Milton who, in 1644 accused the English parliament of having been deceived by the 'fraud of some old patentees and monopolizers in the trade of bookselling' (i.e. the London Stationers' Company). Later revisionary essays investigate the regulation of the printing press in the North American colonies as a provincial and somewhat crude version of European precedents, and how, in the revolutionary France of 1789, the subtle balance that the royal decrees had established between the interests of the author, the bookseller, and the public, was shattered by the abolition of the privilege system. Some of the essays also address the specific evolution of rights associated with the visual and performing arts. The volume is a companion to the digital archive Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900), funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). Privilege and Property is recommended in the Times Higher Education Textbook Guide (November, 2010).

Various scholars consider destination image - a vital part in tourism marketing- as the key in attracting tourists. It is often regarded, as the most important element in a destination's management and may induce success or failure. Within this research project, destination image is being assessed in cross-cultural terms. It scrutinises the extent to which destination image is culture specific. In other words, does a destination's image vary across people from different cultural backgrounds? This question evolves and is vindicated in an era that is subjected to globalisation and increasingly refers to the global tourist. Many academics are convinced that the world tourism market may be treated as a homogenous one due to globalisation. However, the literature also provides some opposing bearings and discusses them. Hence, the author of this book intended to investigate this issue in more depth in order to find a probable answer to the contradicting sources by conducting an exploratory study of Arab-Islamic and Protestant European youth's pre-visitation image on Berlin. In response to the objectives of this study, primary research was carried out. It involved both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Field and online surveys enabled the researcher to collect 239 completed questionnaires. Besides semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were carried out. Obtained data was entered into SPSS and frequencies and means were calculated and several ANOVA tests and cross-tabulations conducted in order to stress destination image's specificity in terms of cultural background. This book further gives information on Berlin as a tourist destination, addresses destination image concerning influential cultural factors and the implications of globalisation on consumer behaviour. Finally, it studies the Arab-Islamic and Protestant

Intro -- AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS -- NOTICE TO THE READER -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- LIST OF FIGURES -- PREFACE -- FOREWORD -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. SOURCES OF POLLUTION -- 1.2. AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH -- 1.3. FEATURES OF THE MAJOR POLLUTANTS AND LIKELY IMPACTS ON HEALTH -- 1.4. STATUS OF AIR POLLUTION IN MEGA CITIES OF THE WORLD -- 1.5. POLLUTION, HEALTH AND POVERTY -- 1.6. INDIAN SCENARIO -- Approach of the Book -- STATUS OF AIR POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH IN INDIA AND OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- 2.1. THE EVIDENCE OF AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS ON HEALTH -- 2.2. IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON HEALTH IN INDIA -- 2.3. VALUATION OF HEALTH COST -- MODEL FORMULATION -- ADVANTAGE OF THE FRAMEWORK -- MODEL 1 -- I) Emission Model -- II) Structural Decomposition Analysis -- MODEL 2 -- Extension of Model 1 -- DATA SOURCE AND PROCESSING -- AGGREGATION OF INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE -- PRICE INDICES -- ENERGY DATA -- NSSO -- MODEL ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS -- 5.1. ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA -- 5.2. EMISSION SCENARIO IN INDIA -- 5.3. RESULTS BASED ON MODEL 1 -- Total Emission -- 5.3.1. Sector-Specific Intensity of CO2, SO2 and NOx during 1983-84 to 2003-4 -- 5.3.2. Results based on Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA) -- 5.4. RESULTS BASED ON MODEL 2 -- Role of Income Distribution -- Changes in Intensity -- Technological change -- Changes in Final Demand -- A MICRO STUDY BASED ON HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, CALCUTTA -- 6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS IN CALCUTTA -- 6.2. STUDY SITE -- 6.2.1. Description of the Study Site -- 6.2.2. Survey Methodology -- 6.2.3. General Information Collected -- 6.3 FEATURES OF THE SURVEYED HOUSEHOLD -- 6.3.1.Tollygounge -- 6.3.2 Baranagar -- MODELING THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION -- 7.1. LITERATURE ON DOSE RESPONSE STUDY.

For two thousand years the disparate groups that now reside in Zomia (a mountainous region the size of Europe that consists of portions of seven Asian countries) have fled the projects of the organized state societies that surround them-slavery, conscription, taxes, corvée labor, epidemics, and warfare. This book, essentially an "anarchist history," is the first-ever examination of the huge literature on state-making whose author evaluates why people would deliberately and reactively remain stateless. Among the strategies employed by the people of Zomia to remain stateless are physical dispersion in rugged terrain; agricultural practices that enhance mobility; pliable ethnic identities; devotion to prophetic, millenarian leaders; and maintenance of a largely oral culture that allows them to reinvent their histories and genealogies as they move between and around states.In accessible language, James Scott, recognized worldwide as an eminent authority in Southeast Asian, peasant, and agrarian studies, tells the story of the peoples of Zomia and their unlikely odyssey in search of self-determination. He redefines our views on Asian politics, history, demographics, and even our fundamental ideas about what constitutes civilization, and challenges us with a radically different approach to history that presents events from the perspective of stateless peoples and redefines state-making as a form of "internal colonialism." This new perspective requires a radical reevaluation of the civilizational narratives of the lowland states. Scott's work on Zomia represents a new way to think of area studies that will be applicable to other runaway, fugitive, and marooned communities, be they Gypsies, Cossacks, tribes fleeing slave raiders, Marsh Arabs, or San-Bushmen

Standard methods for estimating empirical models in economics and many other fields rely on strong assumptions about functional forms and the distributions of unobserved random variables. Often, it is assumed that functions of interest are linear or that unobserved random variables are normally distributed. Such assumptions simplify estimation and statistical inference but are rarely justified by economic theory or other a priori considerations. Inference based on convenient but incorrect assumptions about functional forms and distributions can be highly misleading. Nonparametric and semiparametric statistical methods provide a way to reduce the strength of the assumptions required for estimation and inference, thereby reducing the opportunities for obtaining misleading results. These methods are applicable to a wide variety of estimation problems in empirical economics and other fields, and they are being used in applied research with increasing frequency. The literature on nonparametric and semiparametric estimation is large and highly technical. This book presents the main ideas underlying a variety of nonparametric and semiparametric methods. It is accessible to graduate students and applied researchers who are familiar with econometric and statistical theory at the level taught in graduate-level courses in leading universities. The book emphasizes ideas instead of technical details and provides as intuitive an exposition as possible. Empirical examples illustrate the methods that are presented. This book updates and greatly expands the author`s previous book on semiparametric methods in econometrics. Nearly half of the material is new. TOC:Introduction.- Single index models.- Nonparametric additive models and semiparametric partially linear models.- Binary response models.- Statistical inverse problems.- Transformation models.- Appendix: Nonparametric density estimation and nonparametric regression.

Gender and Laughter Comic Affirmation and Subversion in Traditional and Modern Media -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- I. Gender - Laughter - Media:Theoretical Crossings -- A Short Introduction to Theories of Humour, the Comic, and Laughter -- Subversions of Gender Identities through Laughter and the Comic? -- II. Gender B(l)ending: The Comic Impact of Cross-Dressing and Body Alteration -- "Kiss a white Galathea, she will laugh and blush": Laughter, Blush, and Gender Roles in Gottfried Keller's Novella Cycle A Formula for Love. The Epigram (1881) -- "A comic turn, turned serious": Humour, Body Modification, and the Natural in Fay Weldon's The Life and Loves of a She Devil -- "From now on, I am Carmen": Imagining Cross-Dressing as Comic Protest in the Life and Work of Romanian-German Author Franz Hodjak -- Where No Woman Has Gone Before: Humour and Gender Crossing in Star Trek's Voyager and Enterprise -- "To be educated is to become a Harlequin": Cross-Skinning as Carnivalesque Hybridity in Michel Serres, Hannah Höch's Dada, and Orlan's Body Art -- III. Cross-Cultural Encounters: Race, Gender, and the Comic -- Multi-Layered Conflicts with the Norm: Gender and Cultural Diversity in Two Comedies of the German Enlightenment -- Indigenous Laughter: The Voice of the Other in Tales from the "South Seas" -- Subverting the Pantragic Heroine: Nestroy against Hebbel -- Black and White in Color or Black Victory? The Comic Effect of Displacement in the Film Noirs et blancs en couleur (1976) by Jean-Jacques Annaud -- The City as Stage of Transgression: Performance, Picaresque Reminiscences, and Linguistic Incongruity in Emine S. Özdamar's The Bridge of the Golden Horn -- IV. Gender, Genre, and the Comic: Literature, Radio,Television, and Cinema

Optimization for Decision Making: Linear and Quadratic Models is a first-year graduate level text that illustrates how to formulate real world problems using linear and quadratic models; how to use efficient algorithms - both old and new - for solving these models; and how to draw useful conclusions and derive useful planning information from the output of these algorithms. While almost all the best known books on LP are essentially mathematics books with only very simple modeling examples, this book emphasizes the intelligent modeling of real world problems, and the author presents several illustrative examples and includes many exercises from a variety of application areas. Additionally, where other books on LP only discuss the simplex method, and perhaps existing interior point methods, this book also discusses a new method based on using the sphere which uses matrix inversion operations sparingly and may be well suited to solving large-scale LPs, as well as those that may not have the property of being very sparse. Individual chapters present a brief history of mathematical modeling; methods for formulating real world problems; three case studies that illustrate the need for intelligent modeling; classical theory of polyhedral geometry that plays an important part in the study of LP; duality theory, optimality conditions for LP, and marginal analysis; variants of the revised simplex method; interior point methods; sphere methods; and extensions of sphere method to convex and nonconvex quadratic programs and to 0-1 integer programs through quadratic formulations. End of chapter exercises are provided throughout, with additional exercises available online.

The author of this innovative study argues that key politicians and their policy ideas, through "ideational leadership", have played an important role in the passing of structural reforms in the change-resistant German welfare state. This argument is based on in-depth case studies of individual reforms in health care, pensions and unemployment insurance since the early 1990s as well as a concise analysis of recent changes in family policy. Stiller concludes that Germany, traditionally a Bismarckian welfare state, has embarked on a path of 'hybridisation' that confronts German politics with growing societal divisions. This thought-provoking title is highly recommended for policymakers, scholars and students interested in the past and future reforms of the German welfare state, leadership, and the role of ideas in policymaking. - Hoe worden ingrijpende hervormingen in de alom als weerbarstig beschouwde Duitse welvaartsstaat doorgevoerd? Dit boek betoogt dat het 'ideeëngerichte leiderschap' van vooraanstaande politici in belangrijke mate invloed heeft uitgeoefend op de institutionele veranderingen in het sociaal beleid. Sabina Stiller baseert haar bevindingen op diepgaande case studies van afzonderlijke hervormingen in de gezondheidszorg, pensioenen en werkloosheidsverzekering sinds het begin van de jaren '90 van de vorige eeuw. De auteur biedt een langetermijnperspectief op beleidshervormingen binnen deze gebieden, maar ook op gezinsbeleid waar recentelijk aanzienlijke hervormingen hebben plaatsgevonden. Ideational Leadership in German Welfare State Reform concludeert dat deze 'Bismarckiaanse' verzorgingsstaat zich op een pad van 'hybridisering' bevindt, die de Duitse politiek confronteert met groeiende sociale ongelijkheid. Dit boek is onmisbaar voor studenten, academici en mensen die geïnteresseerd zijn in de rol van beleidsideeën, leiderschap en de recente hervormingen van de Duitse welvaartsstaat.

Preliminary Material /H. Kimura -- 1. At The Foot Of Mt Fuji /Aiko Hamada -- 2. Cherry Blossoms Cannot Be Replaced /Kyoko Okuda -- 3. The Most Popular Cherry Tree Variety In Japan: A Hit Commodity /Kunio Machida -- 4. The Mountains Are Living /Mikiko Tsunoda -- 5. The Approach To Japanese Sanctuary /Yasuko Iwasaki -- 6. The Snow-Woman I Met On A Bus /Yasuko Iwasaki -- 7. I Want To Become The Wind /Akiko Ohno -- 8. In The Sunshine /Midori Sekiguchi -- 9. New Year's Cards /Ayako Akutsu -- 10. At The Beginning Of A Year /Mayumi Tomiyama -- 11. The Day Before The Calendrical Beginning Of Spring /Kiyoko Nakajima -- 12. Dolls Displayed At The Girls' Festival /Akiko Iwashita -- 13. Seasonal Change Of Clothing /Yoshiko Obata -- 14. Kimono – From Mother To Daughter – /Kazuko F. Fujino -- 15. A Good-Luck Charm /Hiroko Yamada -- 16. A Year Like Any Other /Sachiko Mibu -- 17. The Day Of Farewell /Asako Ono -- 18. The Living God /Atsuko Shimakawa -- 19. Hiroshima /Katsuko Oka -- 20. 'I Want A Japanese Bell' /Miki Hamane -- 21. Please Answer In Japanese /Akiko Ohno -- 22. What Is Taught In Japanese Language Lessons /Yuriko Yoshihara -- 23. Should Convenience Be Taken For Granted? /Keiko Bando -- 24. Nuclear Power Plant In Earthquake Country /Toshio Iwaki -- 25. Watch Your Step /Kaori Yamamoto -- 26. My Days With Our Autistic Son /Hitomi Ishiwatari -- 27. A Charm In The Morning /Fumi Ishii -- 28. What I Regret About Bringing Up My Children /Ayako Akutsu -- 29. My Daughter's Golden Hair – What A Waste! /Yoshiko Obata -- 30. Dandelion /Kazuko F. Fujino -- 31. My Son's Growth /Kumiko Miura -- 32. A Phone Call At Midnight /Kazuko F. Fujino -- 33. After Ten Years /Yasuko Matsumoto -- 34. The Class Of Writing Essays And I /Atsuko Shimakawa -- 35. At An Antique Market /Junko Kawamura -- 36. With A Minor Flaw /Seiko Nakamura -- 37. Cleaning Leaf Vegetables /Hatsuko Sakamoto -- 38. A Bed And Breakfast In Sweden /Setsuko Terao -- 39. The First Grade Bowl Of Rice With Chicken And Eggs /Asako Ono -- 40. Longing For Eggs /Keiichi Kawasaki -- 41. As If I Were In Paradise /Asako Ono -- 42. Today Is A Lucky Day /Yoko Usuda -- 43. An Evening At The Kabuki /Chizuko Bando -- 44. A Little Leading Actor /Kiyoko Nakajima -- 45. Remembering London In Those Days /Sachiko Mibu -- 46. No. 81 The Chase /Fumi Ishii -- 47. A Little Trip From Glasgow /Kayoko Nakamura -- 48. Sherlock Holmes Club /Yuki Tezuka -- 49. Shakespeare's Minor Characters /Saburo Kuramochi -- 50. We Japanese And The Past /Harumi Kimura -- 51. Ten Years In This Town /Yukiko Nishida -- 52. Weeding As An Icebreaker /Michiyo Sasaki -- 53. Lifelong Learning In My Town /Keiko Otake -- 54. From The Kitchen Window /Sachiko Mibu -- 55. Blue Daisies As A Mother's Day Present /Saki Ushido -- 56. In Twenty-Five Years /Yasuko Matsumoto -- 57. Looking At My Mother From Behind /Yasuko Matsumoto -- 58. First Love /Takako Yasugi -- 59. Tidying Up /Yasuko Matsumoto -- 60. The Remaining Hours /Asako Ono -- 61. Living Alone Rehearsal /Yoko Yoshida.

Preliminary material /José Doria , Hans-Peter Gasser and M. Cherif Bassiouni -- Chapter 1. Early efforts to establish an International Criminal Court /Jackson Maogoto -- Chapter 2. The Tokyo trial revisited /Hisakazu Fujita -- Chapter 3. The work of national military tribunals under control council law 10 /Jackson Maogoto -- Chapter 4. The experience of the Ad Hoc Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda /Jackson Maogoto and Jackson Maogoto -- Chapter 5. Customary law or judge-made law: Judicial creativity at the UN criminal tribunals /William Schabas -- Chapter 6. Bombardment: From Brussels 1874 to Sarajevo 2003 /Frits Kalshoven -- Chapter 7. The relationship between complicity modes of liability and specific intent crimes in the law and practice of the ICTY /José Doria -- Chapter 8. Plea bargaining: The uninvited guest at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia /Mark Harmon -- Chapter 9. Provisional release in the law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia /Fergal Gaynor -- Chapter 10. Undue delay and the ICTYS experience of status conferences: A judge's personal annotations /Almiro Rodrigues -- Chapter 11. The work of the special court for Sierra Leone through its jurisprudence /José Doria -- Chapter 12. From east Timor to Timor-Leste: A demonstration of the limits of international law in the pursuit of justice /Richard Burchill -- Chapter 13. Bosnias war crimes chamber and the challenges of an opening and closure /Avril Mcdonald -- Chapter 14. The judges of the international criminal court and the organization of their work /Hirad Abtahi -- Chapter 15. The International Criminal Courts office of the prosecutor: Navigating between independence and accountability? /Jan Wouters , Sten Verhoeven and Bruno Demeyere -- Chapter 16. The support work of the courts registry /Anna Lachowska -- Chapter 17. Jus Cogens, obligations Erga Omnes and international criminal responsibility /Władysław Czapliński -- Chapter 18. Jurisdiction Ratione Personae or the personal reach of the courts jurisdiction /Christopher L. Blakesley -- Chapter 19 . The ICC and the security council: An uncomfortable relationship /Nigel White and Robert Cryer -- Chapter 20. Conduct of hostilities war crimes /Lindsay Moir -- Chapter 21. Crimes involving disproportionate means and methods of warfare under the statute of the International Criminal Court /Judith Gardam -- Chapter 22. International legal protections for persons hors de combat /Sergei A. Egorov -- Chapter 23. Child recruitment as a crime under the rome statute of the International Criminal Court /Matthew Happold -- Chapter 24. Particular issues regarding war crimes in internal armed conflicts /Lindsay Moir -- Chapter 25. Violations of common Article 3 of the Geneva conventions /Lindsay Moir -- Chapter 26. Displacement of civilians as a war crime other than a violation of common Article 3 in internal armed conflicts /Lindsay Moir -- Chapter 27. Whether crimes against humanity are backdoor war crimes /José Doria -- Chapter 28. The crime of aggression and the International Criminal Court /Roger S. Clark.

This book has a much wider focus than traditional books written about drug and alcohol addictions. This unique book is written by medical specialists who diagnose, treat and research addictive disorders in their specialities. Thus, it meets the needs of the typical medical practitioner who wants to learn about and treat patients with addictive disorders in their practices. Because alcohol and drug problems are so prevalent and affect medical conditions profoundly, the medical specialist will improve their knowledge and skill to diagnose and treat addictive disorders in their specialties.Drug and alcohol addictions occur commonly in medical populations; 25–50% of patients seen by primary care physicians have alcohol and drug disorders, with even higher prevalence in certain medical specialty populations. Drug use (including illicit drug use and actual or perceived misuse of prescribed medications), alcohol use, and what has been called unhealthy drinking are even more common in trauma centers and our society. Currently, there are no authoritative addiction texts that focus on the identification, intervention and management of either "addictive disorders in medical populations" or "medical complications in addiction populations".Neurobiological progress in the field of addiction has been amazing and evidence-based treatments have developed at a phenomenal pace, with bench to office applications for tobacco, alcohol and drugs. Pharmacological and psychosocial treatments are described here in detail and in practical terms. The medical and mental complications of addiction are explained comprehensively throughout the text. Clinical considerations are the predominant theme, with the standards of clinical practice grounded in the most current research. The chapters include practical presentations of both clinical and research materials, with instruments for screening and assessment and treatment.It will be useful for all those seeking information to help a patient or family with a tobacco, alcohol or drug problem. We hope this book can give answers and direction to the identification and management of addictions and their medical complications in patient populations. Dr. Millerhas spent 25 years in clinical practice and teaching and research at Cornell University Medical College, the University of Illinois at Chicago; he currently serves as a Clinical Professor at the College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University and works as a psychiatrist at Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services in Grand Rapids. He has published 250 medical/scientific articles, book chapters, and reviews, and 12 books on addiction medicine. He is a fellow in the American Psychopathological Association, and a member of the American Psychiatric Association, the American Society for Addiction Medicine, and the American National Professional Committees. He is a member of the Task Force on Treatment for the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Office of the President of the United States; a member of the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment on Screening, Assessment, and Treatment Planning for patients with Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse; and co-chair of the Task Force for Undergraduate Medical Education, Association for Medical Education and Research ing Substance Abuse. For the American Society for Addiction Medicine, he is Regional Director of the Midwest Region and Editor of Principles of Addiction Medicine (First Edition), Program and Publication Committees. He has coordinated symposia, courses and workshops for the ASAM annual meeting.Mark S. Gold, M.D. is an editor, author, teacher, pioneer, researcher and inventor, who has worked for nearly 40 years to create models for understanding the effects of tobacco, opiates and other drugs on the brain and behavior. He has developed models that have led to the discovery of new addiction treatments and has conceptualized novel hypotheses which yielded new approaches to the definition and treatment of addictions. Dr. Gold's pioneering work on the brain systems underlying the effects of opiate drugs led to a dramatic change in the way opiate action was understood and his seminal work on cocaine is considered classic translational science. Over the past decade, he has defined hedonic overeating as an addiction and developed animal and imaging models to develop new treatments for overeating and obesity. Most recently, he and his colleagues demonstrated that intravenously administered anesthetics and analgesics are exhaled in the air of operating rooms, present on surfaces, and available for second hand exposure. Dr. Gold and colleagues have explained the role of the workplace environment in physician drug abuse, addictions and relapse after successful treatment. Under his leadership, the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Florida has grown to 60 full-time clinical physicians and researchers with new projects and research groups in secondhand exposure models, functional brain imaging, self-administration, public health, impaired professionals, genomics, proteomics and nanotechnology. Dr. Gold has been awarded numerous national prizes and recognition for his work, leadership, and mentoring. Since beginning his career in research at the University of Florida in 1970, he has been the author of over 900 medical articles, chapters, and abstracts in journals for health professionals on a wide variety of psychiatric research subjects and has authored 12 professional books including practice guidelines, ASAM core competencies, and medical text books for primary care professionals. He is the author of 15 general audience books. According to a review in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA 272:18, 1996), 'Mark S. Gold, M.D. the most prolific and brilliant of the addiction experts writing today... Dr. Gold has spent his career trying to bridge the gap in medical education and practice with the belief that addictions are diseases and that all physicians have a critical role in prevention and, if that fails, in early identification and prompt treatment.'