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Public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) support collaborative decision-making in the public realm. PPGIS provide advanced communication, deliberation, and conflict resolution mecha nisms to engage diverse stakeholder groups. Many of the functional characteristics of Web 2.0 echo basic PPGIS functions including the authoring, linking, and sharing of volunteered geographic information. However, with the increasing popularity of geospatial applications on the Web comes a need to develop concepts for scalable, reliable, and easy-to-maintain tools. In this paper, we propose a cloud computing implementation of a scalable argumentation mapping tool. The tool also illustrates the opportunities of applying a Web 2.0 model to PPGIS. The searching, linking, authoring, tagging, extension, and signalling (SLATES) functions are associated with PPGIS functionality to produce a participatory GeoWeb tool for deliberative democracy.

Настоящая статья посвящена дальнейшему совершенствованию Главы 22 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Поскольку изменений, внесенных законодателем в указанную Главу в 2010 г., оказалось недостаточно, учеными стали выдвигаться новые предложения, направленные на ее дальнейшее совершенствование. Принимая во внимание данные предложения, автором выдвигаются и собственные предложения, направленные на совершенствование рассматриваемой главы Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. ; Amendments and additions to Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2010 appeared to be insufficient for its improvement. The decriminalisation of illegal enterprise is proposed as one of the ways for further improvement of Chapter (Article 171 of the Criminal Code of the RF). Simultaneously with this approach, the decriminalisation of illegal bank activity is also set forth (Article 172 of the Criminal Code of the RF). Instead, it is proposed to establish criminal responsibility only for illegal income. Moreover, it is supposed to put forward the decriminalisation of "self-money laundering" (Article 174-1 of the Criminal Code of the RF), and malicious evasion from repayment of creditor debts (Article 177 of the Criminal Code of the RF). For the development of the Chapter it is important to make changes in the disposition of articles 178, 193,195-197 as in the present edition, these norms are not practically applicable. Furthermore, the next step towards the improvement of Chapter 22, which is necessary to consider, is bringing legal entities to criminal responsibility for the commission of crimes in the sphere of economic activity, and they should be criminally responsible in accordance with foreign criminal law rules. For legal and criminal measures to be taken towards legal entities, it is essential to view caution, fine, deprivation of license on work, deprivation of the right in specified activities, liquidation of a legal entity. The improvement of Chapter 22 is expected to have a revision of the system of sanctions applied to individuals as well. At present, for economic crimes, individuals are often given custodial sentences, which is contradictory to the reform of the penal system in the Russian Federation targeted at reducing the number of offenders sentenced to imprisonment. A sanction that can be an alternative to custodial sentence, a fine, should be viewed. Although a fine is available in the sanctions of legal norms in Chapter 22, the amount of a fine is insufficient. Thus, it is obvious to conduct revision of those amounts. The confiscation of property can also be viewed as an alternative to custodial sentence. Due to forfeiture, a convicted person completely loses income and property received from crime in the sphere of economic activity. In the present edition of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, property confiscation is not a criminal penalty but it is another measure of criminal law, on the ground of that, the existing criminal law lacks the most effective kind of punishment. Therefore, forfeiture must be a criminal punishment. The process of developing Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation involves both the criminalization of new offences that are unknown to the domestic legislature but prohibited by foreign criminal law and the decriminalisation of acts that have lost their former social danger.

Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion publishes empirical and theoretical studies of religion from a wide range of disciplines and from all parts of the globe. A special section is devoted to the issue of psychological type and religion and especially how psychological type can increase our understanding of Christian ministry. Alongside this section are papers presenting studies on subjects such as civic participation, suffering with God, and spirituality. Together these papers represent important contributions that advance theory and evidence in a number of different fields of c

Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion publishes empirical and theoretical studies of religion from a wide range of disciplines and from all parts of the globe. A special section is devoted to the issue of psychological type and religion and especially how psychological type can increase our understanding of Christian ministry. Alongside this section are papers presenting studies on subjects such as civic participation, suffering with God, and spirituality. Together these papers represent important contributions that advance theory and evidence in a number of different fields of c.

Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: 1941 June uprising

Preliminary Material /R. L. Piedmont and A. Village -- A Spiritual Getaway: The Motivations, Experiences, And Benefits Of A Silent Retreat /William L. Smith and Pidi Zhang -- Beyond Meaning: Spiritual Transformation In The Paradigm Of Moral Intuitionism. A New Direction For The Psychology Of Spiritual Transformation /G. Michael Leffel -- A Good Man Is Hard To Find: Forgiveness, Terror Management, And Religiosity /Keith M. Wilson and Ronan Bernas -- Three Applications Of The Theory Of Postformal Thought: Wisdom, Concepts Of God, And Success In College /Liza Benovenli , Elizabeth Fuller , Jan Sinnott and Sarah Waterman -- Introduction To Special Section: Psychological Type And Christian Ministry /Andrew Village -- Jungian Typology And Religion: A Perspective From North America /Christopher F. J. Ross -- Psychological Type Profile Of Clergywomen And Clergymen Serving In The Presbyterian Church (USA): Implications For Strengths And Weaknesses In Ministry /Leslie J. Francis , Mandy Robbins and Keith Wulff -- All Are Called, But Some Psychological Types Are More Likely To Respond: Profiling Churchgoers In Australia /Mandy Robbins and Leslie J. Francis -- Gifts Differing? Psychological Type Among Stipendiary And Non-Stipendiary Anglican Clergy /Andrew Village -- Psychological Type Preferences Of Male And Female Free Church Ministers In England /Leslie J. Francis , Michael Whinney , Lewis Burton and Mandy Robbins -- Imagining Themselves As Ministers: How Religiously Committed Baptist Youth Respond To The Revised Payne Index Of Ministry Styles (PIMS2) /Bruce G. Fawcett , Leslie J. Francis and Mandy Robbins -- Apprentice Clergy? The Relationship Between Expectations In Ministry And The Psychological Type Profile Of Training Incumbents And Curates In The Church Of England /David Tilley , Leslie J. Francis , Mandy Robbins and Susan H. Jones -- Do Introverts Appreciate The Same Things As Extraverts Within A Ministry Team? A Study Among Leaders Within The New Frontiers Network Of Churches In The United Kingdom /Mandy Robbins , Leslie J. Francis and Andrew Ryland -- The Role Of Archetypes And Jungian Personality Typology In Building Religious Community: Applying John Beebe's Eight Process Archetypal Model Through A Case Study Of The Extraverted Intuitive Type With Introverted Feeling (ENFP) /Christopher F. J. Ross -- Authors' Biographies /R. L. Piedmont and A. Village -- Manuscript Reviewers /R. L. Piedmont and A. Village -- Subject Index /R. L. Piedmont and A. Village -- Names Index /R. L. Piedmont and A. Village.

This paper provides an overview of the telecommunications policy environment in Canada. Like Milner's (2009) article on New Zealand, this paper offers insights on international approaches to telecommunications policy. Canada's telecommunications history reveals a mix of private and public sector investment in regionally-based service providers. Canada did not have a single, publicly owned telecommunications carrier as was the case in Australia. Liberalisation of the telecommunications marketplace encouraged the development of competing infrastructures, with cable companies (traditionally focused on broadcasting distribution) and telephone companies now both providing wireline and wireless, voice, Internet and television services. Competition for wireline services remains regionally based, while wireless providers compete nationally. Although competition is intense, the broadband and wireless markets are highly concentrated. Competition in these markets has not resulted in extensive consumer choice, low prices or innovative services. Most Canadian consumers have access to broadband connectivity, but uptake rates now lag other OECD countries, for services that are slower and more expensive than those available in many other locations. Mobile phone penetration in Canada is on par with that of developing nations. The paper explores the characteristics of Canada's telecommunication markets, discusses the policy environment and notes that government has not offered a vision of a digital future for Canada. ; Middleton, C. (2011). Canada's Telecommunications Policy Environment. Telecommunications Journal of Australia. (61:4). pp. 69.1-69.14.

This paper used a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze the representation of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in the 2006 federal election in Canada. Using Fairclough's approach to CDA, the study analyzed written documents including newspaper articles from The Globe and Mail and The National Post, the policy platforms of the Liberal and conservative parties, and political speeches from party leaders. The "choice" discourse was found to be dominant in the majority of texts examined. A dominant discourse is one that is created and sustained by those with power thus contributing to hegemony in society. Three textual and discourse processes were found to legitimize the "choice" discourse and contribute to its dominance: rationalization, nominalization and conversationalization. It is suggested that the language used in public documents throughout this election and the subsequent dominance of the "choice" discourse may have had a significant impact on citizens' understanding and appreciation of the complexities of the ECEC issue. ; Richardson, B., & University of Toronto. Childcare Resource and Research Unit. (2011). A matter of choice: A critical discourse analysis of ECEC policy in canada's 2006 federal election Childcare Resource and Research Unit.