Suchergebnisse

Datasets in the field of ethnic politics still tend to treat ethnonational groups as unitary actors and do not differentiate between the positions of the organizations representing these groups. Datasets in the field of party politics differentiate between the positions of political parties, yet fail convincingly to conceptualize an ethnonational dimension of competition. This Research Note presents EPAC, a new dataset on Ethnonationalism in Party Competition that seeks to fill this gap. Based on an expert survey, EPAC provides cross-sectional data on the ethnonational positions of 210 political parties in 22 multinational European democracies. The conceptualization of an ethnonational dimension of competition underlying the dataset is introduced and a series of validity and reliability tests performed. Test results show that EPAC provides valid and reliable measures of party positions on an ethnonational dimension that can serve as an empirical base for study of the causes and effects of the mobilization of ethnicity in party competition.

The ICJ's Opinion on Kosovo of 22 July 2010 has touched upon many pivotal questions of international law. This book contains a comprehensive stock-taking on this subject written by several international law experts from different European countries.

In our target article (Markowitz & Bowerman 2011), we reported findings from a series of surveys suggesting that a large majority of Americans possess positive attitudes towards reducing consumption, with implications for individual and policy actions. Commentators Katherine Arbuthnott, Keith Brown, and Susan Clayton draw attention to both strengths and weaknesses in our target manuscript and raise important points about the role of consumption‐related attitudes and norms in shaping behavior and policy. As readers following this prior discussion are aware, our initial research centered around a consistent finding regarding Oregonians' attitudes towards consumption: across a series of state‐wide surveys and in‐depth interviews, we found that the vast majority of Oregonians agreed that "Our country would be better off if we all consumed less." At the same time, we found decidedly mixed support regarding the translation of such "de‐consumption" beliefs into actual behavior and policy preferences. All three of the commentators appear to share our own guarded optimism regarding the potential implications of these findings for confronting issues related to over‐consumption (e.g., climate change). We are largely in agreement with the various points and critiques each raises and herein aim to offer an actionable response.

Front Matter /Peter Hilpold -- The Kosovo Opinion of 22 July 2010: Historical, Political and Legal Pre-Requisites /Peter Hilpold -- Recognition of New States—The Case of Premature Recognition /Christian Tomuschat -- Secession in International Law: Does the Kosovo Opinion Require a Re-Assessment of This Concept? /Peter Hilpold -- Some Remarks on the Relationship between Secession and General International Law in the Light of the ICJ's Kosovo Advisory Opinion /Antonello Tancredi -- Secession, Territorial Integrity and the Role of the Security Council /Stefan Oeter -- The OSCE and Kosovo /Matthias Niedobitek -- The European Union and Kosovo in the Light of the Territorial Issue /Isabel Lirola Delgado -- Drawing Borders as a Means to Restore and Maintain Peace: From Palestine to Kosovo and Back /Michael Bothe -- Decisions of the UN Security Council of Indefinite Duration: How to Define the Limits of Their Validity /Andrea Gioia -- The Kosovo Opinion and Issues of International Responsibility /Helmut Philipp Aust -- "You Say You'll Change the Constitution"—The ICJ and Non-state Entities in the Kosovo Advisory Opinion /Andrea Gattini -- The Structure and Content of the Austrian Statements in the ICJ Advisory Proceedings Concerning Kosovo /Gerhard Hafner and Nadia Kalb -- The Political Future of Kosovo after the ICJ Opinion: Status Question (Un-)Resolved? /Solveig Richter -- Appendix. Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo /Peter Hilpold -- Index /Peter Hilpold.

Abstract. At 07:00 h (UTC-6) on 22 June 1932, a Ms = 6.9 earthquake shocked the coasts of Colima and Jalisco. Five minutes later a tsunami arrived at the coast. It almost completely destroyed the town of Cuyutlán, Colima, causing the deaths of 50 people and leaving about 1200 injured. In this study, newspaper reports and technical reports are reviewed, as well as survivors' testimonials. The physical characteristics (mean sea level at the time, time of arrival, sea retreat, and inundation distribution) and the tsunami effects (number of victims, injuries, affected buildings) have been reconstructed and mapped. The interpretation of historical data allowed us to determine the intensity of the tsunami and to reveal the tsunamigenic source. This study emphasizes the relevance of historical analysis, including survivor's testimonies, in the reconstruction of tsunamis that lack instrumental data. The results of this study are relevant to paleotsunami studies and tsunami related hazard planning.

The imposition of British rule in Palestine following World War I did not immediately supplant one imperial system with another or Ottoman identities with national ones. Examining Palestinian responses to the Turkish war of independence, this article argues that the 1917–22 period should be seen as a "liminal" era suspended between imperial systems. Both Kemalists and Palestinians employed a discourse of loyalty to the Ottoman dynasty, Muslim identity, and resistance to European rule to frame their goals. It was only after the creation of the Turkish Republic and the promulgation of the British Mandate, the author argues, that nationalist identities displaced Ottoman ones for both Turks and Palestinians.

Beginning with Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, this volume draws upon eye-witness German accounts supplemented with German archival and detailed Soviet materials. Formerly classified Soviet archival materials has been incorporated.