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The present study consists of a theoretical essay that analyzes the limits and potentialities of critical educational discourses that aspire to social change. It looks for, mainly, to think about a project of Physical Education (PE) committed to democratic and republican issues. To do so, it points out, from the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt the need to distinguish education and politics, recognizing the value of knowledge and the specificity of PE. This condition does not prevent and limit the value of the theoretical and critical contributions that allow us to interpret the relations between education and society in each historical moment, suggesting a complementary aspect between the hermeneutic, critical-dialectical and poststructuralist traditions to think about the phenomena of PE and its relationship to the theme of the republic, education and democracy. ; Este estudio consiste en un ensayo teórico que analiza los límites y las potencialidades de los discursos educativos críticos que aspiran al cambio social. Busca, sobre todo, pensar en un proyecto de Educación Física (EF) comprometido con temas democráticos y republicanos. Para este fin, señala, en base a la filosofía política de Hannah Arendt, la necesidad de distinguir educación y política, reconociendo el valor del conocimiento y la especificidad de la EF. Una condición que no impide y limita el valor de las contribuciones teóricas y críticas que permiten la interpretación de las relaciones entre educación y sociedad en cada momento histórico, sugiriendo un aspecto complementario entre las tradiciones hermenéutica, crítico-dialécticas y post-estructuralistas para reflexionar sobre el fenómeno de la EF y su relación con el tema de la república, la educación y la democracia. ; O presente estudo consiste em um ensaio teórico que analisa limites e potencialidades dos discursos educacionais críticos que aspiram à mudança social. Busca, sobretudo, pensar um projeto de Educação Física (EF) comprometido com questões democráticas e republicanas. Para tanto, aponta, a partir da filosofia política de Hannah Arendt a necessidade de distinguir educação e política, reconhecendo o valor do conhecimento e da especificidade da EF. Condição que não impede e limita o valor dos aportes teóricos e críticos que permitem interpretar as relações entre educação e sociedade em cada momento histórico, o que sugere um aspecto complementar entre as tradições hermenêuticas, crítico-dialéticas e pós-estruturalistas para pensar o fenômeno da EF e sua relação com o tema da república, da educação e da democracia.

Text is in Portuguese. Also available on the internet with the English translation. ; Taylor, G. , Middleton, C., & Goodrick, P. (November, 2015). Levando a política de comunicação para fora da cabine telefônica. Politics 22. (pages 27 - 30). Retrieved from: https://www.politics.org.br/sites/default/files/downloads/politics22.pdf

Atualmente, o ensino fundamental (EF) está praticamente universalizado no Brasil e as taxas de escolarização bruta e líquida têm aumentado no ensino médio (EM). Apesar dos avanços, os resultados educacionais fornecidos pelos órgãos governamentais demonstram que o desempenho dos alunos, tanto no EF quanto no EM, tem declinado para diferentes subgrupos da população. Particularmente, alguns trabalhos têm evidenciado diferenciais educacionais importantes, segundo sexo e raça. No entanto, os estudos voltados para se entender quais os fatores associados ao desempenho escolar são, em sua maioria, direcionados para o EF. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a relação entre raça/cor, segundo sexo, para os adolescentes matriculados no 2º ano do EM, em escolas da rede estadual de ensino (REE) de nove municípios mineiros integrantes da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH). Os dados utilizados foram os da Pesquisa Jovem (PJ) e os do Censo Escolar, referentes ao ano de 2009, e foram aplicados modelos multivariados de regressão logística. No geral, os resultados mostraram diferenciais importantes segundo raça/cor e sexo. Os riscos de reprovação no 2º ano do EM foram maiores para aqueles que se autodeclararam como sendo da raça/cor parda, sendo a situação ainda pior para o sexo feminino (OR=2,23) comparada ao sexo masculino (OR=1,66). ; Currently, elementary/middle school is virtually offered to all children in Brazil, and crude and net schooling rates have increased for high school. Despite the advancements, educational results provided by governmental bodies demonstrate that student academic performance, both in elementary/middle school and in high school, have declined in all different subgroups of the population. Some studies have shown important educational differentials, according to gender and race. However, studies intended to understand which factors associated with school achievement are, in their majority, related to elementary/middle school. In light of this, the purpose of this work is to verify the relationship between race/color, according to gender, to students enrolled in the 11th grade of high school, from the state education system of nine municipalities that are part of the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais. Data utilized came from Pesquisa Jovem (Youth Research) and from School Census, regarding the year 2009. Logistic regression models were applied. In general, results have shown major differentials according to race/color and gender. Risks of failure at the 10th grade of high school were higher for those who declared themselves as being brown (pardo) and the situation was even worse for the females (OR=2,23) compared to the males (OR=1,66).

The text presents partial results of an investigation on Physical Education (PE) curricula at the Physical Education and Sports Center of Federal University of Espírito Santo, aiming at presenting some elements for constructing the concepts of presences and emphases in curriculum analysis on the health theme in PE courses. Research data were obtained from curricular documents of both bachelor's degree courses and professional degree in education courses, in addition to interviews with 10 professors, professors' curricula vitae, documents from civil service exams for the health area and the monitoring of four subjects during a semester. Two movements are presented: in the first, a conceptualization of presences and emphases based on Giddens's structuring theory and on Cunha's concept of political-epistemological orientation; in the second, the analysis of empiricism, which indicated five presences and two emphases on the health theme in the professional education curricula in PE. We consider that the presences and emphases of the health theme are constituted in the movements of the structure duality in which the subjects' actions, according to their political-epistemological orientations, are related to (or tension) the structural constraints that constitute the professional education curricula in PE. ; El texto presenta un recorte de investigación de los currículos de Educación Física (EF) del Centro de Educación Física y Deportes de la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo, cuyo objetivo es mostrar contribuciones para la composición de los conceptos, presencias y énfasis en el análisis curricular sobre el tema de la salud en los cursos de EF. Los datos fueron producidos a partir de documentos curriculares de los pregrados, entrevistas con 10 profesores, currículos profesionales, documentos de concursos públicos en el área de salud y acompañamiento de cuatro asignaturas universitarias durante un semestre. Se presentan dos movimientos: en el primero, una conceptualización de presencias y énfasis con base en la ...

It is quite impressive the visibility of online publishing compared to offline. Lawrence (2001) computed the percentage increase across 1,494 venues containing at least five offline and five online articles. Results shown an average of 336% more citations to online articles compared to offline articles published in the same venue. If articles published in the same venue are of similar quality, then they concluded that online articles are more highly cited because of their easier access. Thomson Scientific, traditionally concerned with printed journals, announced on November 28, 2005, the launch of Web Citation Index™, the multidisciplinary citation index of scholarly content from institutional and subject-based repositories (http://scientific.thomson. com/press/2005/8298416/). The Web Citation Index from the abstracting and indexing (A&I) connects together pre-print articles, institutional repositories and open access (OA) journals (Chillingworth, 2005). Basically all research funds are government granted funds, tax payer's supported and therefore, results should be made freely available to the community. Free online availability facilitates access to research findings, maximizes interaction among research groups, and optimizes efforts and research funds efficiency. Therefore, Ambi-Água is committed to provide free access to its articles. An important aspect of Ambi-Água is the publication and management system of this journal. It uses the Electronic System for Journal Publishing (SEER - http://www.ibict.br/secao.php?cat=SEER). This system was translated and customized by the Brazilian Institute for Science and Technology Information (IBICT) based on the software developed by the Public Knowledge Project (Open Journal Systems) of the British Columbia University (http://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/). The big advantage of using this system is that it is compatible with the OAI-PMH protocol for metadata harvesting what greatly promotes published articles visibility. Currently, there are 687 conformably registered repositories in OAI. The Public Knowledge Project – Open Archives Harvester2. lists Ambi-Água: http://pkp.sfu.ca/harvester2/demo/index.php/browse/ index/677. At the OAI base the URL of Ambi-Água is http://www.agro.unitau.br/ seer/index.php/ambi-agua/oai?verb=Identify. Therefore, all Service Providers are automatically capable of harvesting metadata from Ambi-Água articles. ; La visibilidad de publicaciones on-line es bastante impresionante cuando comparada con publicaciones impresas. Lawrence (2001) computó el aumento del porcentaje de citas en 1.494 situaciones que contienen por lo menos cinco artículos on-line y cinco en papel. Resultados mostrearan un promedio de 336% más citas para artículos on-line comparados a artículos publicados en papel en la misma situación. Si los artículos publicados en la misma situación son de calidad similar, entonces ellos concluyeron que artículos on-line se citan más favorablemente debido a su mayor visibilidad. Thomson Scientific, tradicionalmente involucrada con periódicos impresos, anunció en el 28 de noviembre de 2005, el lanzamiento de Web Citation Index™, el índice de la cita multidisciplinario de volúmenes académicos de repositorios institucionales y temáticos (http://scientific.thomson.com/press/2005/8298416/). El Web Citation Index™ cubre resúmenes y indexadores (A&I) que conecta artículos en pre-impresión, repositorios institucionales y periódicos de acceso abierto (OA) los (Chillingworth, 2005). La visibilidad de publicaciones on-line es bastante impresionante cuando comparada con publicaciones impresas. Lawrence (2001) computó el aumento del porcentaje de citas en 1.494 situaciones que contienen por lo menos cinco artículos on-line y cinco en papel. Resultados mostrearan un promedio de 336% más citas para artículos on-line comparados a artículos publicados en papel en la misma situación. Si los artículos publicados en la misma situación son de calidad similar, entonces ellos concluyeron que artículos on-line se citan más favorablemente debido a su mayor visibilidad. Thomson Scientific, tradicionalmente involucrada con periódicos impresos, anunció en el 28 de noviembre de 2005, el lanzamiento de Web Citation Index™, el índice de la cita multidisciplinario de volúmenes académicos de repositorios institucionales y temáticos (http://scientific.thomson.com/press/2005/8298416/). El Web Citation Index™ cubre resúmenes y indexadores (A&I) que conecta artículos en pre-impresión, repositorios institucionales y periódicos de acceso abierto (OA) los (Chillingworth, 2005). El "Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting" (OAI-PMH) es un sistema que permite un servidor de red (network server) desplazar metadatos de objetos residentes para aplicaciones externas que desean colectar esos datos (http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html). Es un mecanismo de trasferencia de datos de repositorios digitales (Proveedores de Datos) para "Proveedores de Servicio" que usan los metadatos como una base por construir los servicios de valor-agregados vía el OAI-PMH. El OAI tiene sus raíces en un esfuerzo para aumentar el acceso al e-prints de archivos como un medio de aumentar la disponibilidad de comunicación académica. La relevancia de esta tecnología es ensanchar el acceso a un gran volumen de materiales digitales. ; Desde sua proposição, em 1955, por Eugene Garfield, o "Fator de Impacto" tem sido extensamente usado como uma medida da qualidade em função das citações de artigos de periódicos científicos (Testa, 1998). Seguindo o lançamento desse conceito, foi estabelecido o "Institute of Scientific Information" (ISI) que passou a compilar um Índice de Citação de Ciência (SCI) e, finalmente, o Relatório de Citação de Periódicos (JCR®) em 1975. Hoje, o JCR® apresenta dados estatísticos para avaliação dos principais periódicos do mundo e o impacto deles na comunidade científica global (Thomson Scientific, 2007). Marziale e Mendes (2002) definiram o fator de impacto de um periódico como a razão entre o número de citações pelo número total de artigos publicados em um período de dois anos. No QUALIS CAPES, um sistema brasileiro que classifica periódicos científicos de interesse ao sistema de pós-graduação, vários comitês científicos incluem na avaliação deles o JCR®. Porém, esta situação está mudando, especialmente com o número crescente de periódicos científicos mundiais, especialmente, publicados eletronicamente por meio da Internet.

Executive Council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 7 – 8 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The African Union Advisory Board on Corruption (AUABC) was established in accordance with the provisions of article 22 (5) (a) of the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AUCPCC). The Convention was adopted at the second ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of States and Government of the African Union in Maputo, Mozambique, on 11th July 2003, and entered into force on 5th August 2006, thirty (30) days after the deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification. As at November 2018, the Convention had been signed by 49 states and ratified or acceded to by 40 States.

The effect of the allocation of government spending on the economy is currently a subject of interest given the fiscal budget constraints facing governments due to fiscal crises or adjustments. This paper thus seeks to study the effects of the allocation of government spending on the GDP behavior of Brazilian states from 1995 to 2011. Using a conventional FE (Fixed Effect) panel data model, this paper's main results are as follows: (i) administration and planning, (ii) judicial, (iii) housing and (iv) social assistance spending were found to be productive, while (i) education and culture and (ii) legislative spending were found to be unproductive. In addition, some evidence has been found that the introduction of public borrowing rules by the Fiscal Responsibility Law has been beneficial to the economic growth of Brazilian states. ; El presente trabajo analiza los efectos de la alocación del gasto público sobre el crecimiento económico de los estados de Brasil en el período de 1995-2011. La investigación se realizó mediante el análisis de datos en panel. Los resultados muestran que los gastos con el: (i) ejecutivo, (ii) judicial, (iii) habitación y (iv) bienestar social impactaron el crecimiento económico positivamente, mientras que los gastos en: (i) educación y (ii) legislativo no tuvieron impacto productivo sobre el crecimiento económico. Además, la introducción de reglas fiscales a través de la "Ley de Responsabilidad Fiscal" ha sido beneficiosa al crecimiento de los estados. ; Tendo em vista as restrições orçamentárias impostas aos governos, em contextos de crises e ajustes fiscais, faz-se necessária a discussão acerca do efeito da alocação dos gastos públicos sobre o estado da economia. Nesse sentido, o presente ensaio busca discutir os efeitos da alocação do gasto público sobre o comportamento do PIB real dos estados brasileiros. Para tanto, foi utilizado um painel convencional de Efeitos Fixos (EF), no período de 1995- 2011. Os gastos em: (i) administração e planejamento, (ii) judiciário, (iii) habitação e urbanismo e (iv) assistência e previdência mostraram-se produtivos e os gastos em: (i) educação e cultura e (ii) legislativo mostraram-se improdutivos. Foram encontradas evidências de que a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) tem sido benéfica ao crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros.

Elegendo como corpus a turnê Us + Them do músico Roger Waters, que passou pelo Brasil, em 2018, acumulando polêmicas em torno de seu posicionamento político, este artigo analisa os tensionamentos entre o ethos roqueiro e as especificidades dos grandes espetáculos na contemporaneidade. A partir destas discussões, propomos que a ruptura causada pelas performances de Roger Waters nos 22 dias em que esteve no Brasil visibilizou diversas disputas, negociações e reconfigurações nos afetos entre seus fãs. Analisando as rasuras performatizadas em ambientes digitais geradas pelos shows de Roger Waters no Brasil, localizamos uma crise em relação à ideia de ethos roqueiro e às expectativas em relação aos grandes shows de música. ; Choosing as a central object the Us + Them tour by musician Roger Waters, who passed through Brazil in 2018 accumulating controversies around his political position in the presentations, this article intends to analyze the tension between the rock ethos, the expectations and specificities of great shows in contemporary times and the quiproquós that arise from these arrangements. From these discussions, we propose that the rupture caused by the performances of Roger Waters in the 22 days he was in Brazil made visible several disputes, negotiations and possible reconfigurations in the affections among his fans. To the demonstrations, performed in digital environments, which we designate as erasures, we underline the attempts to boycott the artist, question his legitimacy, exempt him from responsibility and claim some authority over the show.

Executive council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 07 - 08 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The members of the PRC Sub-Committee on Headquarters and Host Agreements, met on 22 October 2018 at the AU Headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. to discuss issues relating to the implementation of the Agreement between the African Union and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, on the Headquarters of the AU , as well as issues arising from the implementation of Host Country Agreements between the AU and States hosting AU institutions, organs, agencies and offices.

The author analyses new structural unemployment, the role of production internationalization, and the advantages that large companies take in this scenery which would eventually break the historical alliance between capitalism, welfare state, and democracy. Investment, production, tributes, and domicile are not necessarily connected in the same site any more. As an alternative, it would be necessary to put into the agenda a new concept of "richness", one that should include citizenship indicators. The author also proposes options that make apparent the necessity to reorganize on new basis the relations between state and civil society. ; The author analyses new structural unemployment, the role of production internationalization, and the advantages that large companies take in this scenery which would eventually break the historical alliance between capitalism, welfare state, and democracy. Investment, production, tributes, and domicile are not necessarily connected in the same site any more. As an alternative, it would be necessary to put into the agenda a new concept of "richness", one that should include citizenship indicators. The author also proposes options that make apparent the necessity to reorganize on new basis the relations between state and civil society.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil dos farmacêuticos responsáveis técnicos em drogarias e avaliar o conhecimento sobre alguns aspectos da legislação que rege o funcionamento de drogarias e da profissão. MÉTODOS: Com base em 175 drogarias de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, foram selecionados, por meio de sorteio aleatório, 100 farmacêuticos responsáveis técnicos. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevista face a face, orientada por um questionário que avaliava conhecimentos e atitudes. O dados foram processados e analisados utilizando-se Epi Info e Stata e houve busca de associações entre variáveis dependentes e independentes, usando o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos farmacêuticos eram mulheres (64%), entre 22 e 29 anos (47%), formadas há cerca de três anos, com habilitação na área industrial (36%) ou em análises clínicas (29%). O conhecimento dos farmacêuticos sobre a legislação sanitária foi avaliado como insuficiente para 28% deles, regular para 50% e bom para 22%. Observou-se baixo conhecimento sobre a exigência legal da permanência de farmacêuticos nas drogarias durante todo o horário de funcionamento, suas atribuições, venda de antibióticos e aplicação de penicilina. Constatou-se que a maioria tem dificuldades com a conceituação de medicamentos genéricos e similares. O baixo nível de conhecimento não se associou com nenhuma variável independente, mostrando que está generalizado, ou seja, presente entre farmacêuticos de várias faixas etárias, de ambos os sexos, independente do tempo de formado e instituição formadora, modalidade de formação entre outros. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a formação na área de atenção farmacêutica de medicamentos, durante a graduação e, sobretudo, o estágio em farmácia e drogaria está deficiente. Faz-se necessária a divulgação de informações sobre a legislação sanitária para o pleno exercício da profissão, sem ameaças penais ou prejuízo da população. ; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the profile of pharmacists employed as technical supervisors in drugstores and evaluate their knowledge regarding certain aspects of the legislation controlling drugstores and the profession in general. METHODS: Based on 175 drugstores in the city of Ribeirão Preto, southeastern Brazil, 100 pharmacists/technical supervisors were randomly selected. Data collection was done by means of in-person interviews, and was guided by a questionnaire evaluating knowledge and attitudes. Data were processed and analyzed using Epi Info and Stata software. Associations were sought between dependent and independent variables using Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Most pharmacists were women (64%), aged 22-29 years (47%), graduated approximately three years prior to data collection, trained to work in the pharmaceutical industry (36%) or in clinical analysis (29%). Pharmacist's knowledge of sanitary legislation was considered as insufficient for 28% of subjects, regular for 50%, and good for 22%. Low levels of knowledge were observed regarding the legal requirement for the presence of a pharmacist during the entire drugstore opening hours, pharmacists' attributions, sale of antibiotics, and penicillin administration. It was found that most professionals have difficulties handling the concepts of 'generic' and 'similar' drugs. Low level of knowledge was not associated with any of the independent variables, indicating that this is a generalized phenomenon, i.e., one present among pharmacists of all age groups and both sexes, irrespective of the time since graduation, institution attended, and modality of graduation, among others. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that training in the field of drug pharmaceutical care, during undergraduate studies and, especially, during traineeship in pharmacies and drugstores is deficient. It is necessary to divulge information concerning sanitary legislation so that pharmacists may fully exert their profession, without risk of legal threats or hazard to the population.

Objective: To understand/reveal the experiences of undergraduate students of the Nursing School of the Universidade de São Paulo in international academic mobility. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted between February and July 2017. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and submitted to content analysis. Results: Twenty-two (22) students participated in the study. Five analytical categories emerged from the analysis of the interviews: Interinstitutional Relationships Dimension, Personal Dimension, Professional Dimension, Academic Dimension and Cultural Dimension. Conclusion: There are many advantages that international mobility can bring to vocational training. Greater governmental and institutional investment is considered necessary, but with mutual planning and monitoring by the institutions in order for it to contribute to the development of Nursing and the Country. ; Objective: To understand/reveal the experiences of undergraduate students of the Nursing School of the Universidade de São Paulo in international academic mobility. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted between February and July 2017. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and submitted to content analysis. Results: Twenty-two (22) students participated in the study. Five analytical categories emerged from the analysis of the interviews: Interinstitutional Relationships Dimension, Personal Dimension, Professional Dimension, Academic Dimension and Cultural Dimension. Conclusion: There are many advantages that international mobility can bring to vocational training. Greater governmental and institutional investment is considered necessary, but with mutual planning and monitoring by the institutions in order for it to contribute to the development of Nursing and the Country.

ABSTRACT Objective: analyzing the motivations of the obstetric nurse for the practice of planned homebirth. Method: an exploratory and interpretative study of qualitative approach, with 22 midwives nurses. The data production was by semi-structured interviews and the speeches were analyzed by thematic categories. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE 0137.0.168.000-11. Results: the motivation to serve on planned home childbirth surpasses the professional choice. The art of midwifery is perceived as a mission, a vocation that many professionals already possessed before their academic training. Conclusion: The study revealed that family tradition, mission, vocation, and quality of care are important factors in motivation; midwives in their work encounter obstacles and challenges of social and political nature, but create new coping mechanisms and remain working tirelessly. Descriptors: Household Childbirth; Humanized Birth; Obstetrical Nursing. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as motivações do enfermeiro obstetra para a prática do parto domiciliar planejado. Método: estudo exploratório e interpretativo de abordagem qualitativa, com 22 enfermeiros obstetras. A produção de dados se deu por entrevistas semiestruturada e os discursos foram analisados em categorias temáticas. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 0137.0.168.000-11. Resultados: a motivação para atuar no parto domiciliar planejado ultrapassa a escolha profissional. A arte de partejar é percebida como missão, vocação que muitas profissionais já possuíam antes de sua formação acadêmica. Conclusão: o estudo revelou que tradição familiar, missão, vocação, e a qualidade do atendimento são fatores relevantes na motivação; enfermeiros obstetras em sua atuação se deparam com obstáculos e desafios de natureza social e política, mas criam novos mecanismos de superação e permanecem atuando incansavelmente. Descritores: Parto Domiciliar; Parto Humanizado; Enfermagem Obstétrica. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las motivaciones de la enfermera obstétrica para practicar el parto planeado en casa. Método: un estudio exploratorio e interpretativo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 22 parteras. Los datos de producción se dieron a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y se analizaron los discursos en categorías temáticas. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación, CAAE 0137.0.168.000-11. Resultados: la motivación para actuar en el parto planeado en casa excede la elección profesional. El arte de la partería se percibe como misión, la vocación que muchos profesionales ya poseían antes de su formación académica. Conclusión: el estudio reveló que la tradición de la familia, la misión, la vocación y la calidad de la atención son factores importantes en la motivación; parteras en su actuación se deparan con obstáculos y desafíos de carácter social y político, pero crean nuevos mecanismos de superación y se mantienen trabajando sin descanso. Descriptores: Parto Domiciliario; Parto Humanizado; Enfermería Obstétrica. ; RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as motivações do enfermeiro obstetra para a prática do parto domiciliar planejado. Método: estudo exploratório e interpretativo de abordagem qualitativa, com 22 enfermeiros obstetras. A produção de dados se deu por entrevistas semiestruturada e os discursos foram analisados em categorias temáticas. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 0137.0.168.000-11. Resultados: a motivação para atuar no parto domiciliar planejado ultrapassa a escolha profissional. A arte de partejar é percebida como missão, vocação que muitas profissionais já possuíam antes de sua formação acadêmica. Conclusão: o estudo revelou que tradição familiar, missão, vocação, e a qualidade do atendimento são fatores relevantes na motivação; enfermeiros obstetras em sua atuação se deparam com obstáculos e desafios de natureza social e política, mas criam novos mecanismos de superação e permanecem atuando incansavelmente. Descritores: Parto Domiciliar; Parto Humanizado; Enfermagem Obstétrica. ABSTRACT Objective: analyzing the motivations of the obstetric nurse for the practice of planned homebirth. Method: an exploratory and interpretative study of qualitative approach, with 22 midwives nurses. The data production was by semi-structured interviews and the speeches were analyzed by thematic categories. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE 0137.0.168.000-11. Results: the motivation to serve on planned home childbirth surpasses the professional choice. The art of midwifery is perceived as a mission, a vocation that many professionals already possessed before their academic training. Conclusion: The study revealed that family tradition, mission, vocation, and quality of care are important factors in motivation; midwives in their work encounter obstacles and challenges of social and political nature, but create new coping mechanisms and remain working tirelessly. Descriptors: Household Childbirth; Humanized Birth; Obstetrical Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las motivaciones de la enfermera obstétrica para practicar el parto planeado en casa. Método: un estudio exploratorio e interpretativo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 22 parteras. Los datos de producción se dieron a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y se analizaron los discursos en categorías temáticas. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación, CAAE 0137.0.168.000-11. Resultados: la motivación para actuar en el parto planeado en casa excede la elección profesional. El arte de la partería se percibe como misión, la vocación que muchos profesionales ya poseían antes de su formación académica. Conclusión: el estudio reveló que la tradición de la familia, la misión, la vocación y la calidad de la atención son factores importantes en la motivación; parteras en su actuación se deparan con obstáculos y desafíos de carácter social y político, pero crean nuevos mecanismos de superación y se mantienen trabajando sin descanso. Descriptores: Parto Domiciliario; Parto Humanizado; Enfermería Obstétrica.

This article is the result of an investigation whose main purpose was to analyze the constructions of the concept of disability. We intend to analyze the discourses on disability that teachers working with students in this situation have built. The approach to the data was from a qualitative paradigm, of descriptive scope, and supported by the grounded theory methodology. Questionnaires were applied to 22 participants, basic education teachers. We conclude that the scientific knowledge has hegemonized visions, but in the process it has turned to common sense, leaving aside an important substratum as it is our action in front of other people and the consequences of the interventions and diagnoses that, being scientifically validated, invalidate the others and exclude the others. The above implies looking at teacher training from an ethical and political stage where complex processes of reflection overcome the reduced vision that has been built on disability and its inclusion. ; El presente trabajo es resultado de una investigación cuyo propósito principal fue analizar las construcciones sobre el concepto de discapacidad. Pretendemos analizar los discursos que sobre discapacidad han construido docentes que atienden estudiantes en esta situación. La aproximación a los datos fue desde un paradigma cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo y apoyado en el método de teoría fundamentada. Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 22 participantes, docentes de educación básica. Concluimos que los saberes de orden científico han hegemonizado las visiones, pero en el devenir se han volcado hacia el sentido común, dejando de lado un sustrato importante como lo es nuestro actuar frente a otras personas y las consecuencias de las intervenciones y diagnósticos que, siendo validados científicamente, invalidan al otro ser y lo excluyen. Lo anterior implica mirar hacia la formación docente desde un estadio ético y político, donde complejos procesos de reflexión superen la visión reducida que se ha construido sobre la discapacidad y su inclusión. ; O presente trabalho é resultado de uma investigação cujo objetivo principal foi analisar as construções sobre o conceito de deficiência. Pretendemos analisar os discursos sobre deficiência construídos por professores que tem estudantes nessa situação. A abordagem dos dados partiu de um paradigma qualitativo, de formato descritivo e apoiado pelo método da teoria fundamentada. Os questionários foram aplicados a 22 participantes, professores da educação básica. Conclui-se que o conhecimento científico hegemonizou visões, generalizando a um sentido comum, deixando de lado um substrato importante como nossas ações diante de outras pessoas e as consequências das intervenções e diagnósticos que, sendo cientificamente validados, anulam o outro ser e o excluem. O que pretende-se dizer implica um olhar a formação de professores, a partir de uma perspectiva ética e política, onde os processos de reflexão complexos superam a visão reduzida que foi construída sobre a deficiência e sua inclusão.

In this text, Jacques Fontanel demonstrates that, only recently, contemporary economists have been concerned with defense economy, as, frequently, peace, in their studies, was considered as something given. The author reviews the five major currents of thought that analyse the economical nature of defense effort, showing what it has been representing along periods of time, for the liberals, Marxists, Keynesian authors, for the Mercantilist School and for the adepts of econometric studies. Following, emphasizes the economy of disarmament, approaching questions such as: the military costs are, actually, external variables? Ali disarmament is necessarily equivalent to a cut in military costs? There exist, in fact, the so called "peace dividends"? Is there possibility of conversion of the military industry? After, the author analyses the fundamental principles of disarmament and the actual International context which lead interrogations from the economists about the substitution of the military war by the economical war. Concluding, J. Fontanel states that the economical factors became permanent armament, where the economy is transformed in an instrument of power used in the conflict of States, as the food weapon. The author, finally, exhorts the influent segments of society to a general concern in favor of peace. ; In this text, Jacques Fontanel demonstrates that, only recently, contemporary economists have been concerned with defense economy, as, frequently, peace, in their studies, was considered as something given. The author reviews the five major currents of thought that analyse the economical nature of defense effort, showing what it has been representing along periods of time, for the liberals, Marxists, Keynesian authors, for the Mercantilist School and for the adepts of econometric studies. Following, emphasizes the economy of disarmament, approaching questions such as: the military costs are, actually, external variables? Ali disarmament is necessarily equivalent to a cut in military costs? There exist, in fact, the so called "peace dividends"? Is there possibility of conversion of the military industry? After, the author analyses the fundamental principles of disarmament and the actual International context which lead interrogations from the economists about the substitution of the military war by the economical war. Concluding, J. Fontanel states that the economical factors became permanent armament, where the economy is transformed in an instrument of power used in the conflict of States, as the food weapon. The author, finally, exhorts the influent segments of society to a general concern in favor of peace.