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This article develops the argument that a 'knowledge economy,' despite its cheerful optimism, is also an elegant incarnation of the demise of Western economies. An analysis of policy documents, research statements, and national accounts reveals this paradoxical coexistence of anxiety and progress in the discourse on knowledge economies. While the concept is often hailed as a temporal concept (superseding other forms of economic production), this article argues that a knowledge economy is best understood as a spatial concept – it is a way of contending with global reorganizations of production. This spatial approach is elaborated to tackle three paradoxes. (1) A knowledge economy enfolds defeat with progress. (2) A knowledge economy downplays the importance of industrial labor and simultaneously depends on it to materialize its ideas. (3) While seemingly intangible and ephemeral, a knowledge economy is fixed in place in national economies through government and corporate policy (including through the emergent phenomenon of 'knowledge-adjusted gross domestic products'). A spatial approach provides a view of the tenuous global interconnections and specific conditions that prop up a knowledge economy, and shows how the concept is mobilized to redraw the map so that endangered economies can regain their challenged sense of centrality in a world economy.

This essay is an attempt to think 'mobile peoples' as a political concept. I consider mobile peoples as a norm rather than an exception and as political subjects rather than subject peoples. After discussing the tension between 'mobile' and 'peoples', I draw on Ian Hacking's historical ontology for understanding how a people comes to be. For understanding how the people comes to be, or rather, how the tension between a people that constitutes itself as a whole and those peoples that remain as residual parts, I draw on Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Rancière, and Ernesto Laclau as authors who identified this tension as a fundamental problem of 'Western' political thought. Yet, their inattention to territory draws me to James Scott whose work on early states challenges how we have come to understand the people as sedentary in the first place. His account of how 'barbarians' (mobile peoples) came to be seen as a threat to sedentary peoples enables us to understand that tension. Then a path opens toward thinking about mobile peoples as a political concept. ; Leverhulme Doctoral Scholarship

International audience ; The reliability and robustness of electronic subsystems dedicated to control and communications in the aerospace sector is more than ever one of the key points for safety and security, essentially during landing operations. As aircraft manufacturers have to diversify their mean of communication system's control (Full-Duplex and System), the reliability can be improved both by setting redundant remote networks, and also by using matched technologies for increased performances and robustness: the wide band-gap Gallium Nitride technology (GaN) newly developed fits perfectly to the requirements of systems such as Microwave Landing System (MLS) or Distance Measuring Equipments (DME) used during the final landing approach. Actually, GaN technology takes advantage of a natural immunity to electromagnetic perturbations, and is suitable for circuit design in the RF frequency band (up to 5 GHz for aircraft applications). The GaN based circuits are able to improve transceiver's efficiency (and so the radio-link budget) thanks to their low noise figure (receiver) and high output power (transmitter), reducing digital bit error rate during the code demodulation. This point is crucial while electronic runs in an urban environment. Moreover, the next electronic systems developed for " composite aircraft " will be more exposed to high electric field and CEM problems in circuits. Furthermore, this GaN integrated technology allows a reduction of volume for transmitter's subsystems , and is easy to setup (aircraft maintenance): the risk of immobilisation during the aircraft exploitation will be reduced and his maintainability will be easier. Finally, this technology is also perfectly suited for ground navigation control systems such as radar. This work presents the challenge for civil and military future avionic systems by making use of GaN based technologies.

International audience ; The reliability and robustness of electronic subsystems dedicated to control and communications in the aerospace sector is more than ever one of the key points for safety and security, essentially during landing operations. As aircraft manufacturers have to diversify their mean of communication system's control (Full-Duplex and System), the reliability can be improved both by setting redundant remote networks, and also by using matched technologies for increased performances and robustness: the wide band-gap Gallium Nitride technology (GaN) newly developed fits perfectly to the requirements of systems such as Microwave Landing System (MLS) or Distance Measuring Equipments (DME) used during the final landing approach. Actually, GaN technology takes advantage of a natural immunity to electromagnetic perturbations, and is suitable for circuit design in the RF frequency band (up to 5 GHz for aircraft applications). The GaN based circuits are able to improve transceiver's efficiency (and so the radio-link budget) thanks to their low noise figure (receiver) and high output power (transmitter), reducing digital bit error rate during the code demodulation. This point is crucial while electronic runs in an urban environment. Moreover, the next electronic systems developed for " composite aircraft " will be more exposed to high electric field and CEM problems in circuits. Furthermore, this GaN integrated technology allows a reduction of volume for transmitter's subsystems , and is easy to setup (aircraft maintenance): the risk of immobilisation during the aircraft exploitation will be reduced and his maintainability will be easier. Finally, this technology is also perfectly suited for ground navigation control systems such as radar. This work presents the challenge for civil and military future avionic systems by making use of GaN based technologies.

International audience ; The reliability and robustness of electronic subsystems dedicated to control and communications in the aerospace sector is more than ever one of the key points for safety and security, essentially during landing operations. As aircraft manufacturers have to diversify their mean of communication system's control (Full-Duplex and System), the reliability can be improved both by setting redundant remote networks, and also by using matched technologies for increased performances and robustness: the wide band-gap Gallium Nitride technology (GaN) newly developed fits perfectly to the requirements of systems such as Microwave Landing System (MLS) or Distance Measuring Equipments (DME) used during the final landing approach. Actually, GaN technology takes advantage of a natural immunity to electromagnetic perturbations, and is suitable for circuit design in the RF frequency band (up to 5 GHz for aircraft applications). The GaN based circuits are able to improve transceiver's efficiency (and so the radio-link budget) thanks to their low noise figure (receiver) and high output power (transmitter), reducing digital bit error rate during the code demodulation. This point is crucial while electronic runs in an urban environment. Moreover, the next electronic systems developed for " composite aircraft " will be more exposed to high electric field and CEM problems in circuits. Furthermore, this GaN integrated technology allows a reduction of volume for transmitter's subsystems , and is easy to setup (aircraft maintenance): the risk of immobilisation during the aircraft exploitation will be reduced and his maintainability will be easier. Finally, this technology is also perfectly suited for ground navigation control systems such as radar. This work presents the challenge for civil and military future avionic systems by making use of GaN based technologies.

BackgroundDespite health impact assessment (HIA) being increasingly widely used internationally, fundamental questions about its impact on decision-making, implementation and practices remain. In 2005 a collaboration between public health and local government authorities performed an HIA on the Christchurch Urban Development Strategy Options paper in New Zealand. The findings of this were incorporated into the Greater Christchurch Urban Development Strategy;MethodsUsing multiple qualitative methodologies including key informant interviews, focus groups and questionnaires, this study performs process and impact evaluations of the Christchurch HIA including evaluation of costs and resource use;ResultsThe evaluation found that the HIA had demonstrable direct impacts on planning and implementation of the final Urban Development Strategy as well as indirect impacts on understandings and ways of working within and between organisations. It also points out future directions and ways of working in this successful collaboration between public health and local government authorities. It summarises the modest resource use and discusses the important role HIA can play in urban planning with intersectoral collaboration and enhanced relationships as both catalysts and outcomes of the HIA process;ConclusionAs one of the few evaluations of HIA that have been published to date, this paper makes a substantial contribution to the literature on the impact, utility and effectiveness of HIA.

Electricity is an important resource for an economy and its demand for the last decade have witness a significant increase. This work has as aim to study the impact of electricity insecurity on the performance of small and medium scale businesses in Cameroon within the period of 1980 to 2018. The study made use of time series data within the period of the study and uses two methodological approaches; the time series data are analyze using a multiple linear regression for the first method of the work with statistical package SPSS, STATA for treatment. The work also made use of a survey analyzes which helps in the collection of field data which are treated using the statistical package SPSS version 27. The result showed that electricity consumption and petroleum consumption which both constitute elements of energy have a positive relationship with Gross domestic product (GDP) in Cameroon. Survey result from this study also showed that small and medium scale businesses in Cameroon perceive insufficient electricity supply from the energy company which render their business activities difficult. Based on findings from this work, it is suggested and recommended that, the government of Cameroon with the energy company should expand the source of energy to meet up the high electricity demand. A move to the renewable sources such as solar and wind energy will help to boost the energy sector and improve on the economic growth of the country. Key words: Electricity insecurity, SMEs performance, Electricity consumption, GDP

Sejak tumbangnya rezim otoritarian Orde Baru yang kemudian dilanjutkan denganmunculnya semangat reformasi dengan membuka keran demokratisasi secara lebih luas,konflik dan kekerasan yang bernuansa ethnic dan keagamaan seolah tidak ada hentinyadialami oleh bangsa ini. Data dari sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jawa Baratmerupakan provinsi yang tingkat intoleransi dalam kehidupan beragama masih tinggi.Pemandangan yang berbeda ditemukan di desa Sindang Jaya, Cianjur. Masyarakat di desaini, meskipun memiliki populasi penduduk yang beragama Kristen cukup tinggi, tidakpernah terjadi konflik social keagamaan yang serius. Oleh karena itu, desa ini menarikuntuk diteliti. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan kehidupan keberagamaanmasyarakat , interaksi sosial- keagamaan antar umat Islam dan Kristiani serta faktorfaktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Dilihat dari cara data atau informasi yang dihimpun,penelitian ini bisa disebut mixed method atau gabungan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dataatau informasi diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara terbuka, angket serta studi teks.Seluruh data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dideskripsikan dan dianalisissecara kualitatif sedangkan data atau informasi yang diperoleh melalui pertanyaantertutup (angket) dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kegiatankehidupan keberagamaan masyarakat Desa Sindang Jaya Kecamatan CiranjangKabupaten Cianjur merupakan kehidupan keagamaan yang rukun dan toleran. Interaksisosial-keagamaan antar ummat Muslim dan Kristiani di Desa Sindang Jaya KecamatanCiranjang Kabupaten Cianjur tergolong intensif. Banyak faktor pendukung yang melatarbelakangi landasan interaksi social keagamaan antar ummat Muslim dan Kristiani dalam melestarikan toleransi dan kerukunan hidup dalam sebuah pluralitas agama di DesaSindang Jaya Kecamatan Ciranjang Kabupaten Cianjur. Yang terpenting diantaranyaadalah : a) Faktor Historis b) Faktor Teologis c) Faktor Sosiologis c) Faktor Politis.Faktor historis disebabkan kedatangan orang Kristen di desa Sindangjaya yang sudahlebih dari satu abad yakni sejak tahun 1903 sehingga mereka sudah terbiasa hidup berbaurantara Muslim dan Kristiani sejak dari nenek moyang mereka. Faktor teologis, karenamereka pada umumnya memiliki pandangan teologi yang inklusif dan toleran. Faktorsosiologis , karena masyarakat desa Sindangjaya , tergolong masyarakat paguyuban.Faktor politis, karena dalam masyarakat di desa Sindangjaya ,tidak dijumpai pandangandan sikap politik yang berlawanan dengan kebijakan pemerintah dan negara. Merekasemuanya setuju dan siap mengikuti paraturan perundangan yang berlaku di Indonesia,termasuk perundangan yang mengatur kehidupan beragama. Penelitian ini jugamenemukan bahwa interaksi sosial keagamaan yang dipraktekkan di desa ini termasukinteraksi sosial keagamaan yang inklusif, toleran dan humanis.

SEIS-Malta system (Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) and web-based GIS interface) forms part of a global project on environmental monitoring funded under the 2007- 2013 Structural Funds Programme for Malta. • The project "Developing national environmental infrastructure and capacity", is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) which provides 85% of the project's funding and the Government of Malta, which finances the rest under Malta's Operational Programme I - Cohesion Policy 2007- 2013 "Investing in Competitiveness for a Better Quality of Life". ; peer-reviewed

In this thesis, the researcher focuses on discussing the coup in The Lion King film directed by John Favreau in 2019. This research is based on the model proposed by Antonio Gramsci's hegemony of power, this theory covers the causes of the normal practice of overthrowing power and the relationship of consent using the power structure. The purpose of this research is to find out and understand the relationship between the conflict between the main characters causing the coup d'etat represented in film literature; especially in examining the similarities in the causes of the coup d'etat from the perspective of the Hegemony of Power, the three aspects that caused the coup d'etat; Obsession, Discrimination, and Betrayal. To find out the truth, the researcher focuses on examining the hegemony of power that is applied in The Lion King Film. Hegemony is applied in the form of driving bad opinions to achieve the desired result, namely becoming a king. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 reasons for the application of the hegemony of power contained in The Lion King Film, obsession, driving bad opinion, cunning.Keywords : Coup, research, The Lion King film, overthrowing of power, government.

This work was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 609819, SOMICS and Templeton World Charity Foundation, grant ID: TWCF0314. ; Almost all animals navigate their environment to find food, shelter, and mates. Spatial cognition of nonhuman primates in large-scale environments is notoriously difficult to study. Field research is ecologically valid but controlling confounding variables can be difficult. Captive research enables experimental control, but space restrictions can limit generalizability. Virtual reality technology combines the best of both worlds by creating large-scale, controllable environments. We presented six chimpanzees with a semi naturalistic virtual environment, using a custom touch screen application. The chimpanzees exhibited signature behaviors reminiscent of real-life navigation: they learned to approach a landmark associated with the presence of fruit, improving efficiency over time; they located this landmark from novel starting locations, and approached a different landmark when necessary. We conclude that virtual environments can allow for standardized testing with higher ecological validity than traditional tests in captivity, and harbor great potential to contribute to longstanding questions in primate navigation, e.g., the use of landmarks, Euclidean maps, or spatial frames of reference. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC Grant 609819 (SOMICS). Manuel Bohn was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 749229. ; Great apes are able to request objects from humans by pointing. It is unclear, however, whether this is an associated response to a certain set of cues (e.g. the presence and attention of a human addressee) or a communicative signal which can be adjusted to relevant aspects of the spatial and social context. In three experiments, we tested captive great apes' flexible use of pointing gestures. We manipulated the communicative context so that the default pointing response of apes would have indicated an undesired object, either due to 1) the spatial arrangements of the target objects, 2) the perspective of the addressee or 3) the knowledge of the addressee about the target objects' location. The results of the three experiments indicate that great apes can successfully adjust their pointing to the spatial configuration of the referent environment such as distance and location of food. However, we found no evidence that they take the perspective or the knowledge of the addressee into account when doing so. This implies that pointing in great apes is a context-sensitive, but maybe less versatile, communicative signal compared to human pointing. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

During study design and data collection, the research of CT was supported by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (ES/K008625/1). At the time of writing, CT was supported by a grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n° 714658; STONECULT project). During his work on the Dean et al. (2012) study, LGD was supported by the CULTAPTATION project (European Commission contract FP6-2004-NESTPATH-043434) and a European Research Council Advanced Grant (EVOCULTURE, 232823) awarded to Kevin Laland. ; The breakthrough study of Dean et al. (Science 335:1114–1118, 2012) claimed that imitation, teaching, and prosociality were crucial for cumulative cultural learning. None of their child participants solved the final stage of their puzzlebox without social support, but it was not directly tested whether the solution was beyond the reach of individual children. We provide this missing asocial control condition, showing that children can reach the final stage of the puzzlebox without social support. We interpret these findings in the light of current understanding of cumulative culture: there are currently conflicting definitions of cumulative culture, which we argue can lead to drastically different interpretations of (these) experimental results. We conclude that the Dean et al. (Science 335:1114–1118, 2012) puzzlebox fulfils a process-focused definition, but does not fulfil the (frequently used) product-focused definition. Accordingly, the precise role of social support for the apparent taxonomic distribution of cumulative culture and its ontogeny warrants further testing. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

The study was funded by the Leverhulme Trust, the British Academy, the Max Planck Society, the Leakey Foundation, and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement nos. 679787 and 283871) ; Adjusting communication to take into account information available to one's audience is routine in humans but is assumed absent in other animals, representing a recent development on the lineage leading to humans. This assumption may be premature. Recent studies show changes in primate alarm signaling to threats according to the receivers' risk. However, a classic problem in these and other perspective-taking studies is discerning whether signalers understand the receivers' mental states or simply are responding to their behavior. We designed experiments to exclude concurrent reading of the receivers' behavior by simulating receivers using prerecorded calls of other group members. Specifically, we tested whether wild chimpanzees emitted differing signals in response to a snake model when simulated receivers previously emitted either snake-related calls (indicating knowledge) or acoustically similar non-snake-related calls (indicating ignorance). Signalers showed more vocal and nonvocal signaling and receiver-directed monitoring when simulated receivers had emitted non-snake-related calls. Results were not explained by signaler arousal nor by receiver identity. We conclude that chimpanzees are aware enough of another's perspective to target information toward ignorant group members, suggesting that the integration of signaling and social cognition systems was already emerging in early hominoid lineages before the advent of more language-specific features, such as syntax. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Routledge via the DOI in this record ; This commentary reflects on what has been learnt from government and public health responses to COVID-19, suggesting a tension between 'business as usual' forms of public health in the face of crisis, and the possibilities for a step-change towards a 'healthy publics' approach. We set out a range of ways that diverse, multiple publics have been implicated or brought into being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we argue that these have generally been ignored or erased by agents or agencies of public health, keen to preserve certainty in their messaging and public confidence in their authority. We conclude with five principles for re-organising pandemic responses around a richer, more context-dependent and diverse account of 'the public'.