Suchergebnisse

This article intends to draw attention to the concepts "region" and "metropolis", as a phenomenon of the Colombian reality. Legislations are littered with false notions in the national administrative political context, without the deep understanding and necessary theoretical basis. The study of the emerging (Metropolitan) urban regions is an enormous challenge for the human community as a whole. Identifying areas of territorial influence of networks and emerging urban phenomena are essential to understand and manage the current Metropolitan realities dispersed through a global territory. The idea is to propose criteria for its geographical identification and highlight some opportunities for political legitimacy of urban regions associated with the Metropolitan phenomena in Colombia. ; El propósito de este artículo es llamar la atención sobre los conceptos "región" y "metrópoli", como fenómenos de la realidad colombiana, ya que en la legislación abundan nociones asumidas en el contexto político administrativo nacional, sin profundizar en el sustento teórico necesario para la comprensión de esos fenómenos. El estudio de las regiones urbanas (metropolitanas) emergentes, constituye un enorme desafío para la comunidad humana en su conjunto. La identificación de las áreas de influencia territorial de las redes y fenómenos urbanos emergentes es imprescindible para comprender y gestionar las realidades metropolitanas actuales que se ispersan por un territorio global. La idea es aventurar algunos criterios para su identificación geográfica y resaltar algunas oportunidades de legitimación política de las regiones urbanas asociadas a fenómenos metropolitanos en Colombia. ; O artigo chama a atenção sobre os conceitos "região" e "metrópole" como fenômenos da realidade colombiana, pois a legislação está cheia de noções assumidas no contexto político, sem o aprofundamento necessário para a compreensão do fenômeno e sem o apoio teórico indispensável. O estudo das regiões urbanas (metropolitanas) emergentes constitui um desafio grande para a comunidade humana em sua totalidade. A identificação das áreas de influência territorial das redes e fenômenos urbanos emergentes é imprescindível para entender e administrar as realidades metropolitanas atuais, dispersas por um território global. A ideia é ousar propor alguns critérios para sua identificação geográfica e resaltar algumas oportunidades de legitimação política das regiões urbanas associadas a fenômenos metropolitanos na Colômbia.

O artigo chama a atenção sobre os conceitos "região" e "metrópole" como fenômenos da realidade colombiana, pois a legislação está cheia de noções assumidas no contexto político, sem o aprofundamento necessário para a compreensão do fenômeno e sem o apoio teórico indispensável. O estudo das regiões urbanas (metropolitanas) emergentes constitui um desafio grande para a comunidade humana em sua totalidade. A identificação das áreas de influência territorial das redes e fenômenos urbanos emergentes é imprescindível para entender e administrar as realidades metropolitanas atuais, dispersas por um território global. A ideia é ousar propor alguns critérios para sua identificação geográfica e resaltar algumas oportunidades de legitimação política das regiões urbanas associadas a fenômenos metropolitanos na Colômbia. ; El propósito de este artículo es llamar la atención sobre los conceptos "región" y "metrópoli", como fenómenos de la realidad colombiana, ya que en la legislación abundan nociones asumidas en el contexto político administrativo nacional, sin profundizar en el sustento teórico necesario para la comprensión de esos fenómenos. El estudio de las regiones urbanas (metropolitanas) emergentes, constituye un enorme desafío para la comunidad humana en su conjunto. La identificación de las áreas de influencia territorial de las redes y fenómenos urbanos emergentes es imprescindible para comprender y gestionar las realidades metropolitanas actuales que se ispersan por un territorio global. La idea es aventurar algunos criterios para su identificación geográfica y resaltar algunas oportunidades de legitimación política de las regiones urbanas asociadas a fenómenos metropolitanos en Colombia. ; This article intends to draw attention to the concepts "region" and "metropolis", as a phenomenon of the Colombian reality. Legislations are littered with false notions in the national administrative political context, without the deep understanding and necessary theoretical basis. The study of the emerging (Metropolitan) urban regions is an enormous challenge for the human community as a whole. Identifying areas of territorial influence of networks and emerging urban phenomena are essential to understand and manage the current Metropolitan realities dispersed through a global territory. The idea is to propose criteria for its geographical identification and highlight some opportunities for political legitimacy of urban regions associated with the Metropolitan phenomena in Colombia.

El títol de la versió postprint d'aquest article és: 'Fast methodology for the determination of a broad set of antibiotics and some of their metabolites in seafood' ; The presence of antibiotics in seafood for human consumption may pose a risk for consumers. A methodology for the analysis of antibiotics in seafood based on QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction, followed by detection and quantification using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was developed. The analytical method was evaluated for the determination of 23 antibiotics (including parent compounds and some metabolites) in fish, mussels and clams. Recoveries ranged between 30% and 70% for most of the compounds and method detection and quantification limits (MDLs and MQLs) were between 0.01 and 0.31 ng/g dry weigh (dw) and 0.02–1.03 ng/g (dw) respectively. Real seafood samples were analysed using this method. Nine antibiotics were found at levels above MDLs; however none of them exceed the maximum residue limits (MRL) established by the authorities. Tetracycline was the most ubiquitous compound, presenting also the highest concentration: 5.63 ng/g (dw) in fish from Netherlands. In addition, an alternative technique based on microbial growth inhibition was explored as semiquantitative detection method of antibiotics in seafood. This methodology c ould be applied as a fast screening technique for the detection of macrolides and β-lactams in seafood but further research is needed for other antibiotics families ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the ECsafeSEAFOOD project (grant agreement n° 311820) and the SEA-on-a-CHIP project (grant agreement no. 614168). It has been co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work has also been partly funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2014-SGR-291-Catalan Institute for Water Research 2014 ...

One of the major challenges currently faced is to develop systematic ways of addressing chemical mixtures in environmental assessment. With this purpose, a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection and quantification of a mixture of relevant contaminants in molluscs has been developed. The method is based on QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). It includes a mixture of 23 compounds formed by pesticides, endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals (metolachlor, simazine, desethylatrazine, atrazine, thiabendazole, diazinon, malathion, bentazone, MCPA, propanil, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, caffeine, bisphenol A, triclosan, triclocarban, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, 1H-benzotriazole, sulfamethoxazole, venlafaxine and carbamazepine). The method was developed and validated in 4 different types of shellfish of high commercial interest such as mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), oyster (Crassostrea gigas), cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and razor shell (Solen marginatus). The mean percentage of recoveries obtained for all the compounds in each mollusc type (intra-specie) ranged from 96% to 107% showing the good performance of the method developed. The relative standard deviation was under 10% for the intra-day and 17% inter-day analyses. Method detection limits and method quantification limits were below 10 ng/g dry weight for all the species and compounds targeted. Finally, the method was applied to aquaculture samples, oysters and cockles, from Ebro Delta (Spain), after some episodes of mortality occurred in 2017. A high level of bisphenol A was detected in C. edule which may explain the mortality suffered by this organism. C. gigas presented low levels of metolachlor, bentazone, acetamiprid, and methylparaben. © 2019 ; This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness , State Research Agency, and by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund through the project XENOMETABOLOMIC (CTM2015-73179-JIN) (AEI/FEDER/UE). N. Carrasco acknowledges the support of the project EMERGER (INIA E-IRTA2015-00004-00-00). IRTA members acknowledge the support from CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Bekolut is acknowledged for the gift of the QuEChERS kits. This work has also received funding from the Government of Catalonia (2017 SGR 01404) and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 603437. It reflects only the author's views. The Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Appendix A ; Peer reviewed

Antibiotics accumulation in aquatic organisms may be of great concern from an ecological point of view but also from a human perspective, especially when they are accumulated in edible animals like marine mussels. In this work, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to sulfamethoxazole antibiotic (SMX) at 10 µg/L during 96 h, followed by 24 h of depuration. The experiment was carried out at summer and winter conditions. SMX showed a bioconcentration factor in mussel of 1.5 L/Kg (dry weight) and 69% of the compound was eliminated from the organism in 24 h. The metabolomics approach revealed alterations in amino acids levels (aspartate, phenylalanine, valine and tryptophan) pinpointing disturbances in osmotic regulation and energy metabolism. Besides, the levels of some nucleotides (guanosine and inosine) and a carboxylic acid were also affected. However, SMX exposed mussels did not show any significant alteration in the enzymatic activities related to the xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress. Moreover, some of the changes observed in mussel's metabolites suggested alterations in mussel's organoleptic characteristics that can affect its quality as seafood commodity. Overall, our results showed that SMX exposure to marine mussels may have ecological implications by provoking sub-lethal effects to exposed organisms. Nevertheless, no risk for consumers derived from mussel ingestion is expected due to the low bioconcentration capacity of SMX and fast depuration in this seafood type ; This work has received funding from SEA-on-a-CHIP project under grant agreement No.614168 from European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7-OCEAN-2013) and been also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the PLAS-MED (CTM2017-89701-C3-2-R) and AIMCOST (CGL2016-76332-R MINECO/FEDER/UE) projects. Authors acknowledge the support from the Economy and Knowledge Department of the Catalan Government through Consolidated Research Group (ICRA-ENV 2017 SGR 1124 and 2017-SGR-1404-Water and Soil ...

Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are chemicals of emerging concern that can accumulate in seafood sold in markets. These compounds may represent a risk to consumers through effects on the human reproductive system, metabolic disorders, pathogenesis of breast cancer or development of microbial resistance. Measuring their levels in highly consumed seafood is important to assess the potential risks to human health. Besides, the effect of cooking on contaminant levels is relevant to investigate. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to study the presence and levels of PhACs and EDCs in commercially available seafood in the European Union market, to investigate the effect of cooking on contaminant levels, and to evaluate the dietary exposure of humans to these compounds through seafood consumption. A sampling survey of seafood from 11 European countries was undertaken. Twelve highly consumed seafood types were analysed raw and cooked with 3 analytical methods (65 samples, 195 analysis). PhACs were mostly not detectable or below quantification limits in seafood whereas EDCs were a recurrent group of contaminants quantified in the majority of the samples. Besides, cooking by steaming significantly increased their levels in seafood from 2 to 46-fold increase. Based on occurrence and levels, bisphenol A, methylparaben and triclosan were selected for performing a human exposure assessment and health risk characterisation through seafood consumption. The results indicate that the Spanish population has the highest exposure to the selected EDCs through seafood consumption, although the exposure via seafood remained below the current toxicological reference values. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion