La influencia de las ideas religiosas en la Teoría de Relaciones Internacionales ha sido un tema poco explorado por la deriva secularista y cientificista de la disciplina. Sin embargo, bajo el giro postsecular, varios teóricos han empezado a problematizar los efectos político-normativos del paradigma de la secularización y a releer críticamente los orígenes y desarrollos de la teoría de Relaciones Internacionales. En este marco, el artículo estudia la influencia de san Agustín en los orígenes de la escuela realista. Analiza cuándo y cómo la obra agustiniana llegó al realismo clásico, a través de una relectura de los conceptos de naturaleza humana, historia y orden, formulados por el Obispo de Hipona en clave dialéctica. Asimismo, el artículo demuestra la influencia de estos conceptos agustinianos en la formulación del realismo esperanzado de Reinhold Niebuhr, reconocido como el padre de los realistas en Relaciones Internacionales.
Religion's sudden re-appearance on the scene of international politics has resulted in a creative challenge for the discipline of International Relations. Although the leading tendencies suggest that religion is once again present in international relations, this article will carry out an exercise of introspection within the discipline based on the idea of religious continuity. As a result, questions arise concerning secularization as the foundational myth of modern international relations. This, in turn, will require a genealogical revision of (secular) categories such as international society and the state.
Religion's sudden re-appearance on the scene of international politics has resulted in a creative challenge for the discipline of International Relations. Although the leading tendencies suggest that religion is once again present in international relations, this article will carry out an exercise of introspection within the discipline based on the idea of religious continuity. As a result, questions arise concerning secularization as the foundational myth of modern international relations. This, in turn, will require a genealogical revision of (secular) categories such as international society and the state.
Refugiados colombianos ante la firma de la paz en Colombia : ¿un retorno no deseado? -- ¿Cómo reconocer el exilio colombiano? Hacia una justicia transicional transnacional -- La brecha fronteriza : migración forzada y la piedra angula del refugio -- Los awá y la "diferencia" de pensar la paz desde los borderlands del Estado : Otras geografías de la paz en Colombia -- Una con-textualización de la diáspora de la Unión Patriótica -- Todos vuelven : ciudadanías posnacionales e imaginaciones que retornan -- Narrar para sanarse y ser protagonistas en la construcción de paz : la experiencia de la Comisión de Verdad, Memoria y Reconciliación de las mujeres colombianas en el exterior -- La exclusión no implica negarse a participar : autoetnografía marica en la construcción de la paz -- Las profundas implicaciones de una paz duradera : un diálogo entre La paz perpetua y el actual contexto de paz colombiano.
Objective/context: The article aims to analyze child recruitment as a form of human trafficking. Beyond the theoretical perspectives that focus on security or rights, it addresses the topic as a form of unfree labor. By means of a case study focused on child recruitment by right-wing paramilitary groups in Colombia, the paper analyzes how children entered and exited illegal armed groups, the functions they performed, and the exploitation they endured. The research argues that child recruitment operates as a large-scale labor-market uptake in the wartime social order, where the "employers" are paramilitary groups, and the labor force, in part, consists of children and adolescents. Methodology: This case study relies on different sources of information: a database on child recruitment provided by the special Justice and Peace Unit of the Colombian Attorney General's Office (989 cases between 1981 and 2005), sentences of Peace and Justice, testimonials given by victims in judicial processes, and semi-structured interviews with different actors. Conclusions: The paper shows that child recruitment as a form of trafficking is functional to wartime social order in contexts of poverty and inequality. There is demand and supply; thus, both girls and boys, who worked as soldiers, are not only victims but also agents that make decisions in challenging conditions. Therefore, if the socioeconomic options for these children, even after their demobilization from the armed group, are still a choice between bad and worse, joining a violent (no longer "armed" but "criminal") group will remain a feasible alternative. Originality: The article contributes to the academic literature on a recent topic, such as the overlapping between child recruitment and human trafficking in armed conflict and post-conflict situations. It also contributes to the literature on "unfree labor," as the study focuses on an actor (illegal armed groups) that has not been analyzed until now. Finally, the research demonstrates the limits of understanding human trafficking (and child recruitment as a form of trafficking) as a problem of security or rights entitlement. It highlights the analytical and political advantages of categories such as "unfree labor" to provide effective solutions for the prevention and reintegration of child soldiers.
