Suchergebnisse

148 p. Cd ; Existe la evidencia empírica que muestra el pobre desarrollo del sector turístico en la ciudad de Valledupar, según la revista (Portafolio, 2017), la ciudad no es gran receptora de turistas nacionales y extranjeros. El grado de desarrollo turístico de Valledupar en relación con otras ciudades del país con igual población presenta niveles muy bajos. Por la falta de planeación desde sus gobiernos municipales, la ciudad no ha consolidado su sector turístico. A partir de la Carta Política de 1991 se ha buscado que sean las gobernaciones y las alcaldías las que tomen la iniciativa de establecer entidades o mecanismos que permitan al turismo hacer presencia regional, formular propuestas y coordinar acciones con las instancias nacionales e internacionales. Para poder desarrollar el turismo de una manera sostenible y competitiva es de vital importancia fortificar la presencia estatal local en todo el proceso, como lo sostiene la ley 300 de 1996 y las leyes y decretos que la estructuran, y como lo planifica la descentralización turística del Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo. Valledupar cumple con las características que definen un destino turístico musical; en primera medida, se identifica la ciudad con su música; segundo, el gran nivel de aceptación e importancia del vallenato en el ámbito nacional e internacional; tercero, hay un creciente auge de espectáculos musicales en la ciudad; cuarto, su entorno natural y cultural es la fuente de inspiración para los creadores de la música vallenata; quinto, porque se está desarrollando un ambiente de producción musical muy dinámico; sexto, por el desarrollo institucional de sus academias de música; séptimo, por el grado de asociatividad de los prestadores de servicios turísticos y los prestadores de servicios culturales; entre otros. ; There is empirical evidence that shows the poor development of the tourism sector in the city of Valledupar, according to the magazine (Portafolio, 2017), the city is not a great recipient of domestic and foreign tourists. The degree of touristic development of Valledupar, in relation to other cities of the country, with equal population presents very low levels. Due to the lack of planning from their municipal governments, the city has not consolidated is tourism sector. From the political letter of 1991 it has been sought that the governors and mayors take the initiative to establish entities or mechanisms that allow the turism to make regional presence, formulate proposals and coordinate actions with national and international bodies. In order to develop tourism in a sustainable and competitive way, it is vitally important to strengthen the local state presence throughout the process, as established by law 300 of 1996 and the laws and decrees that structure it, and as planned by the Ministry's tourism decentralization of Commerce, Industry an Tourism. Valledupar complies with the characteristics that define a musical tourism destination; in first measure, the city is identified with its music; second, the great level of acceptance and importance of the vallenato in the national and international scope; third, there is growing boom of musical shows in the city; fourth, is natural and cultural environnment is the source of inspiration for the creators of vallenato music; fifth, because it is developing, a very dynamic musical production environnment; sixth, for the institutional development of their music academies; seventh, by the degree of associativity of tourism service providers and cultural service providers among others. ; Contenido Introducción . 18 1. Descripción del Problema . 20 1.1 Análisis de la Situación . 20 1.2 Pregunta de Investigación . 24 1.3 Identificación del Problema . 24 1.3.1 Árbol de Causas . 24 1.3.2 Árbol de Efectos . 27 1.3.3 Árbol de Objetivos . 29 1.4 Justificación . 31 1.5 Alcance de la Investigación . 32 1.6 Visión . 33 1.7 Misión . 33 1.8 Acercamiento al Marco Metodológico . 33 1.8.1 Preguntas de Investigación . 33 1.8.2 Objetivos . 34 1.9 Técnicas de Recolección de la Información . 34 Elemento de Medición . 36 2. Marco Referencial……………………………………….38 2.2.1 Turismo y Desarrollo en Colombia. 54 2.2.2 El Turismo en la Economía de Colombia y del Caribe Colombiano . 56 2.2.3 El Turismo Como Estrategia Prioritaria de Desarrollo Regional en el Caribe Colombiano 59 2.2.4 Propuestas de Desarrollo Turístico para el Caribe Colombiano . 62 2.2.5 Desarrollo de Productos y Segmentos y Multi Destino con un Ámbito Regional. 64 2.2.6 Promoción y Comercialización Turística. 66 2.2.7 Capacitacion y formacion del recurso humano ………………………………………….67 2.3 Marco Metodológico . 68 2.3.1 Intención de Diagnostico . 68 2.3.2 La Importancia del Diagnóstico para el Diseño de la Política Pública . 68 2.4 Marco Legal . 74 2.5 Marco Contextual……………………………………………………….…………….77 2.5.1 Creacion de un Centro de Innovacion y Desarrollo Turistico……………………….77 2.5.2 Sistema de información Turística……-……………………………………………….78 2.5.3 Identificación de Actores Directos e Indirectos . 78 2.5.4 Actores Directos del Fomento del Turismo Sostenible en la Ciudad de Valledupar . 78 2.5.5 Actores Indirectos en el Fomento del Turismo Sostenible en la Ciudad de Valledupar . 79 2.5.6 Conformación de Redes . 80 3. Acercamiento al Desarrollo de la Política Pública . 81 3.1 Acercamiento al Cumplimiento de Objetivos Específicos . 81 3.2 Acercamiento a Introducción . 82 3.3 Acercamiento a las Conclusiones . 83 4. Metodología . 84 4.1 Elemento de Medición Dirigido a Turistas . 86 4.2 Elemento de Medición Dirigido a Residentes . 88 5. Resultados…………………………………………………………………………………94 5.1 Resultados Encuestas de Percepción de Valledupar como Destino Sostenible . 94 5.1.1 Actividad Laboral Relacionada con el Turismo . 94 5.1.2 Proyección de Valledupar como Destino Turístico de Calidad y Diversificado . 95 5.1.3 Las Actividades de las Administraciones Públicas Entorno al Desarrollo del Turismo en Valledupar . 96 5.1.4 Los Ingresos que Genera el Turismo en Valledupar son Representativos . 97 5.1.5 El Número de Visitantes en la Región . 98 5.1.6 La Actividad Turística ha Provocado Cambios en la Cultura de los Residentes y/o Pérdida de Tradiciones y Costumbres . 99 5.1.7 Los Habitantes de la Zona son Hospitalarios y Acogen a los Turistas con Calidez …. 100 5.1.8 Los Residentes están Involucrados en el Desarrollo Turístico de la Zona y Participan en la Misma . 101 6. Estrategias de Implementación y Política Pública . 102 6.1 Entorno Situacional . 102 6.2 Análisis del Sector del Turismo . 105 6.3 Proyección Estratégica . 119 6.3.1 Estructura Institucional . 120 6.3.2 Producto Turístico . 122 6.3.3 Estrategia de Competitividad y Calidad . 125 6.3.4 Mejoramiento de la Atractividad . 128 7. Línea Base y Metas de la Política Pública . 134 7.1 Cronograma de Actividades . 136 7.2 Seguimiento y Evaluación . 139 8. Fuentes de financiación política pública de turismo en la ciudad de Valledupar……….140 Conclusiones . 140 Recomendaciones . 144 Referencias Bibliográficas . 146 ; Ej. 1 ; Maestría ; Magister en Gestión Pública y Gobierno

AbstractConservation scholarship and policies are concerned with the viability of idealized ecological communities constructed using human metrics. We argue that the discipline of conservation assumes an epistemology and ethics of human sovereignty/dominion over animals that leads to violent actions against animals. We substantiate our argument by deconstructing a case study. In the context of recent bushfires in Australia, we examine recent legislation passed by the parliament of New South Wales (NSW), policy documents, and academic articles by conservationists that support breaking communities of horses and/or killing 4,000 horses in Kosciuszko National Park (KNP), NSW. Theoretically framing our deconstruction against human sovereignty over animals and anthropocentrism, we affirm an intersectional, ecofeminist approach that values animals as relational and vulnerable agents. We uncover first the epistemic violence of categorizing horses as "pests," and the anthropocentric nature of recently passed legislation in NSW. We analyze next the deficient ethics of NSW's government, and the argument that killing animals is justifiable when they suffer from starvation and dehydration. We close with a realistic proposal that does not involve breaking horses' communities and/or killing horses, and a plea to the government of NSW and conservationists not to harm any horses in KNP.

We are grateful to all the commentators who engaged with our target article. Some commentators have offered important insights into our proposed design and methods for legally intervening on behalf of futurity. Others have focused on theoretical considerations central to our proposal for multispecies justice and trusteeship. All have inspired modifications and further elaboration of our initial proposal. In this Response, we engage with the commentaries, integrating their suggestions, striving for convergence and complementarity, but also discussing points of divergence with our proposed framework where necessary. There is substantial overlap in the points of view of the three co-authors, but there are also differences. Section 1 is more reflective of the views of AT and Section 2 is more reflective of the views of FJS-A and WL.

We are failing to protect the biosphere. Novel views of conservation, preservation, and sustainability are surfacing in the wake of consensus about our failures to prevent extinction or slow climate change. We argue that the interests and well-being of non-humans, youth, and future generations of both human and non-human beings (futurity) have too long been ignored in consensus-based, anthropocentric conservation. Consensus-based stakeholder-driven processes disadvantage those absent or without a voice and allow current adult humans and narrow, exploitative interests to dominate decisions about the use of nature over its preservation for futurity of all life. We propose that authentically non-anthropocentric worldviews that incorporate multispecies justice are needed for a legitimate, deliberative, and truly democratic process of adjudication between competing interests in balancing the preservation and use of nature. Legitimate arenas for such adjudication would be courts that can defend intergenerational equity, which is envisioned by many nations' constitutions, and can consider current and future generations of non-human life. We urge practitioners and scholars to disavow implicit anthropocentric value judgments in their work – or make these transparent and explicit – and embrace a more comprehensive worldview that grants future life on earth fair representation in humanity's decisions and actions today.

Although poaching (illegal killing) is an important cause of death for large carnivores globally, the effect of lethal management policies on poaching is unknown for many populations. Two opposing hypotheses have been proposed: liberalizing killing may decrease poaching incidence ('tolerance hunting') or increase it ('facilitated poaching'). For gray wolves in Wisconsin, USA, we evaluated how five causes of death and disappearances of monitored, adult wolves were influenced by policy changes. We found slight decreases in reported wolf poaching hazard and incidence during six liberalized killing periods, but that was outweighed by larger increases in hazard and incidence of disappearance. Although the observed increase in the hazard of disappearance cannot be definitively shown to have been caused by an increase in cryptic poaching, we discuss two additional independent lines of evidence making this the most likely explanation for changing incidence among n = 513 wolves' deaths or disappearances during 12 replicated changes in policy. Support for the facilitated poaching hypothesis suggests the increase (11–34%) in disappearances reflects that poachers killed more wolves and concealed more evidence when the government relaxed protections for endangered wolves. We propose a refinement of the hypothesis of 'facilitated poaching' that narrows the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms underlying wolf-killing.

We are failing to protect the biosphere. Novel views of conservation, preservation, and sustainability are surfacing in the wake of consensus about our failures to prevent extinction or slow climate change. We argue that the interests and well-being of non-humans, youth, and future generations of both human and non-human beings (futurity) have too long been ignored in consensus-based, anthropocentric conservation. Consensus-based stakeholder-driven processes disadvantage those absent or without a voice and allow current adult humans and narrow, exploitative interests to dominate decisions about the use of nature over its preservation for futurity of all life. We propose that authentically non-anthropocentric worldviews that incorporate multispecies justice are needed for a legitimate, deliberative, and truly democratic process of adjudication between competing interests in balancing the preservation and use of nature. Legitimate arenas for such adjudication would be courts that can defend intergenerational equity, which is envisioned by many nations' constitutions, and can consider current and future generations of non-human life. We urge practitioners and scholars to disavow implicit anthropocentric value judgments in their work – or make these transparent and explicit – and embrace a more comprehensive worldview that grants future life on earth fair representation in humanity's decisions and actions today.

Conjunto de ensayos sobre la trayectoria política y militar de Santiago Vidaurri que fue gobernador de Coahuila y Nuevo León entre 1856-1864. Producto de una revisión intensiva de los archivos privados sobre el personaje y de los localizados también en el extranjero. Incluye una cronología, bibliografía sobre el personaje y un indice onomástico.

Conjunto de cuatro ensayos de investigación histórica sobre los aspectos políticos, militares, económicos y culturales que se vivieron en el estado de Nuevo León entre 1835 y 1848 durante la guerra entre México y los Estados Unidos de América. Estudios basado en documentación de una docena de archivos locales que dimensiona el impacto de la guerra a escala microhistórica.

Ecuador has started a national project focus on a new model of energetic management so as to reduce the Ecuadorian dependency on fossil fuels. With this purpose in mind, the government has disposed to replace liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookers for induction cookers. This will contribute to decrease the consumption of LPG, emission of toxic fumes and multidimensional poverty index (MPI). In contrast, the Ecuadorian quality of life (EQOL) and the global efficiency of the energetic system will improve. This paper was developed to determine the correct material which can efficiently interact with magnetic fields at low cost. Multi decision making methods (MCDM) are analytical tools employed to judge the right alternative of a set of possibilities. According to the number of alternatives and criteria of this problem, MCDM appears as an evaluation approach that can ease the selection of materials for induction cookware. The MCMD methods implemented are AHP, EXPROM2, COPRAS-G, TOPSIS and VIKOR, all of them have been compared to validate the best alternative. The analysis process consists on collecting information about the properties of the material and his weight respect to the others to generate a normalized matrix that relate the dependency among criteria. The results prove that the steel A677 is the best material, of a set of 8 alternatives with 8 analysis criteria, to be applied as induction cookware. ; El Ecuador está fomentando nuevos proyectos enfocados en la reducción de consumo de combustibles fósiles. Con este propósito en mente, el gobierno lleva a cabo un plan para reemplazar cocinas dependientes del gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) por cocinas de inducción. Esto contribuirá en la disminución del consumo del GLP, emisiones tóxicas. En contraste, la calidad de vida en el Ecuador y la eficiencia energética en la edificación mejorará. Este documento hay sido elaborado para determinar el material adecuado capaz de interactuar con campos magnéticos. Los métodos multi-criterio de selección (MCDM) son herramientas analíticas que sirven para juzgar la mejor alternativa de un conjunto de posibilidades. Dependiendo del número de alternativas y el número de criterios de selección, los MCDM aparecen como herramientas de evaluación que permitirán seleccionar al material correcto para el diseño del menaje para cocinas de inducción. En el desarrollo de este proyecto se empleó las aproximaciones EXPROM2, COPRAS-G,TOPSIS y VIKOR. Los resultados obtenidos de cada método serán valorados y validados. El estudio consiste en recolectar información referente a las propiedades de cada material y su respectiva importancia en el diseño del menaje de cocinas de inducción y establecer una matriz normalizada que relaciona la magnitud de cada propiedad. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan al acero A677 como la mejor alternativa de un conjunto de 8 opciones con 8 diferentes criterios de selección.

This article examines the practical implications of ecological democracy or ecodemocracy, inquiring how capable democratic societies are of addressing environmental challenges. It asks: What is needed to secure democratic legitimacy for policy measures to benefit nonhuman species? What would ecodemocracy look like in practice? Different types of existing and possible types of representation are discussed, including the expansion of the precautionary principle, the Council of All Beings or Parliament of Things, and representation through the Parties for Animals. A possible approach in the form of a mandate for proxy eco-representation similar to civil rights through continuous affirmative action is investigated. Limitations and possibilities of each approach for nature representation are weighed.