Suchergebnisse

Karmaşık yapıdaki kamu politikalarının çözümlenebilmesini sağlayan kamu politikası analizi, olguların açıklanabilmesi için geliştirilen basitleştirilmiş bakış açısını ifade eden kavramsal bir modelle yapılabilir. Farklı modellerin öngörülerinin beraberce kullanılmasını öngören "tamamlayıcı yaklaşım" Türkiye'deki devletin oyun alanına giren makro ve meso boyuttaki politikaların analizinin daha tutarlı olmasını sağlayan kavramsal zemini hazırlama potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki makro ve meso düzeydeki en önemli politika alanlarından birini oluşturan kamu yönetimi ve yerel yönetim reformlarının analizinde elverişli bir zemin oluşturacak Türk siyasal kültürünün şekillendirdiği tarihsel arka plan, sosyo-ekonomik koşullar, kurumsal yapı ve elitlerarası ilişkilerin dâhil edildiği farklı kamu politikası analiz modellerinin "tamamlayıcı yaklaşım" dâhilinde harmanlandığı çözümleme yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Türk siyasal kültürünün yansımasının net şekilde okunabildiği, siyasal sistemin çevresinden doğan girdi-taleplerin problemi doğurduğu ve tepeden inmeci yöntemle uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından problemin tanımlanarak siyasal gündeme sokulduğu İller Bankası reorganizasyon politikaları, Türkiye'deki makro ve meso düzeydeki kamu yönetimi reform politikalarının analizi için uygun bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. "Tamamlayıcı yaklaşımın" sunduğu çerçeve dâhilinde İller Bankası reorganizasyon politikaları örnek olay olarak seçilmiş olup çözümlemede "Easton'ın siyasal sistemler analizi yaklaşımı", "Hofferbert'in nedensellik hunisi yaklaşımı", "kurumsal model, "elitist model ile Grindle ve Thomas'ın araştırması", "Kingdon'ın çoklu akış modeli" ve "süreç analizi modeli" beraberce kullanılmıştır. Politika çözümlemesi girişiminde, 1/371 sayılı Kanun Tasarısının ve 6107 sayılı Kanunun Genel gerekçesinde ve dahi İller Bankasının Stratejik Planlarında vurgulandığı üzere yatırım ve kalkınma bankasına dönüşme hedefi ele alınıp değerlendirilmiştir. ; Public policy analysis, a process enabling us to decipher complex public administrative policies, is conducted through a vulgarized conceptual model developed for elucidating phenomenon. The "complementary approach" which assumes mutual utilization from foresights of different models displays potential for paving more solid conceptual ground analyzing macro and meso policies that fall into government's area of interest in Turkey. In the present study, an analysis approach, the blend of relationships between administrative structure and elite groups, socio-economic conditions, and historical background, one of the most prominent politics domain at macro and meso level in Turkey, which would pave a solid ground for analysis public and local administration concepts is adopted. The reorganization policies concentrated on the "İller Bankası" from which Turkish political culture could be viewed, in which demands of political groups cause problems, from where problems are laid out by international institution through compulsory methods to bring into political agenda, cast a valuable example for further analysis of public administration reforms at macro and meso levels in Turkey. Within the scope of the "complementary approach", reorganization policies of "İller Bankası" were selected as the case study while "Easton's political systems analysis approach", "Hofferbert's funnel casualty approach", "institutional model", "elitist model and Grindle and Thomas's research", "Kingdon's multiple streams model" and "process (stages) analysis model" were utilized in the analysis process of the case jointly. In the policy analysis phase, as it is implied within the draft law with 1/371st serial number and the law with 6107 serial number as well inthe strategic corporate plans of "İller Bankası", the target of evolution into an investment and development bank was taken into consideration.

In this study, the case of Denizli province where the urban transformation projects are taken for the solution of the problem of uneven urbanization will be discussed. Within the scope of the Denizli example, it will be tried to measure the extent to which the urban values of rural migrants migrate to the city. In other words, the level of social urbanization will be tried to be determined. For this purpose, questions were asked about urbanization and social urbanization for those who came to work from surrounding cities and Denizli countryside. Within the framework of the answers given, efforts will be made to determine how the degree of social urbanization has changed in the context immigrants. In this framework, urbanization process and social urbanization process of Turkey in the first stage will be briefly summarized. In the second part; The development of Denizli and the migration movement to Denizli will be briefly summarized and the social urbanization grades of immigrants in Denizli context will be discussed. In the context of urbanization and social urbanization analysis in Denizli City case, questions including basic indicators of economic and social aspects of urbanization - occupation, income level, solidarity, solidarity, cooperation, education, organization, information, methods of seeking rights, religious and political issues and family relations- are tailored and asked to participants.

Bu çalışmada; `Kürt Sorunu'nun, Türkiye'nin modernleştirilmesi sürecinde benimsenen jakoben vatandaşlık anlayışı ve radikal reform süreci ile bağlantılı olduğu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Kendine özgü tarafları olsa da, Türkiye'nin modernleştirilmesi sürecinin Batı dünyasındaki felsefî ve siyasî düşünceler doğrultusunda şekillenmesi, `Kürt Sorunu'nun ele alınmasında Batılı demokrasilerdeki vatandaşlık anlayışının gelişiminin incelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu amaçla, Batı demokrasilerinde benimsenen jakoben vatandaşlık anlayışı, klasik liberal vatandaşlık anlayışı ve son olarak çokkültürlü vatandaşlık anlayışı ele alınmıştır. Etnokültürel problemlerin çözümünde, jakoben vatandaşlık anlayışı ve klasik liberal anlayışın yetersizliği ortaya koyulurken, âdil ve hakkaniyetli çözüm noktasında, farklılıkların eşit değerde tanınıp saygı göreceği çokkültürlü vatandaşlılığın iyi bir alternatif oluşturabileceğine dair argümanlar incelenmiştir. Çokkültürlü vatandaşlık ve grup hakları bağlamında, 1989 sonrasında `Kürt Sorunu'nun çözümü için siyasî partiler ve sivil toplum örgütleri tarafından kamuoyuna sunulan raporlar incelenmiştir. Gerek raporlarda gerekse çokkültürlülük savunucularının söylemlerinde ortaya konulduğu gibi, ulus-devletin homojen ulusal kimlik öngören ortak vatandaşlık anlayışı, günümüzde toplumsal birliği sağlamaktan uzaktır. Toplumsal birlik, soyut bir ortak vatandaşlık anlayışından ziyade ortak din ve kültürel değerlerin paylaşımı ile kültürel kimlik haklarının tanınıp saygı göreceği bir sosyopolitik yapı içerisinde sağlanabilir. Fakat, çokkültürlülük savunucularının ortaya koyduğu gibi, azınlıktaki grupların liberal ilkeleri benimsememesi durumunda özyönetim haklarının tanınması söz konusu olamaz. Bu kapsamda, tüm muhaliflerini şiddet yoluyla baskı altına alan P.K.K. çizgisindeki Kürt siyasî hareketinin özerklik taleplerinin kabul edilemeyeceği, grup haklarının tanınmasını savunan çokkültürcü düşünürler tarafından da ortaya konulmuştur. Özet olarak, bu çalışmada; Batının azınlık problemleriyle mücadeledeki tecrübeleri, çokkültürlülük savunucularının bu tecrübeler ışığında azınlık problemlerine yönelik çözüm önerileri ve 1990'dan itibaren siyasî partiler ve sivil toplum örgütlerinin `Kürt Sorunu'na ilişkin çözüm önerilerini içeren raporları, `Kürt Sorunu'nun çözümüne katkı amacıyla incelenmiştir. ; In this study, it is revealed that, `Kurdish Question? is deeply tied with the adoption of jacobin citizenship approach and of authotratic radical reform process in Turkey. Despite its own pecuilarities, the modernization process in Turkey was shaped by mainstream philosophical and political ideas in Western world. So that, the perception of citizenship in Turkey are needed to be extensively analysed in context of Western politics, when `Kurdish Question? is taken into consideration. In order to realize the roots of `Kurdish Question?; the jacobin citizenship approach, the classical liberal citizenship approach and lastly, the multicultural citizenship approach are thought to be analysed together. Within this scope, the deficiency of both jacobin approach and the classical liberal approach in solving ethnocultural problems are stated expressly. Then, for fair solutions, multicultural citizenship approach is analysed as a good alternative. Thereinafter, some declared reports about the solution of `Kurdish Question?, which are prepared by political parties and non-govermental organizations in Turkey after 1989, are analysed in context of multiculturalism. As it strongly shown that, both in declared reports about `Kurdish Question? and in arguments of multiculturalist thinkers, the imposition of homogeneous national identity by the nation-state is far from bringing the unity of nation. Rather than fictious common citizenship, national unity can be achieved by sharing common cultural values and religion in a sociopolitic environment where citizens get their cultural identity rights and get respect. Recognition of ethnocultural differences on equal basis, rather than opressing them, plays an important role in solving ethnocultural problems. But minority demands for authonomy don?t always provide fair solutions for ethnocultural problems. At that point, the defenders of multiculturalism claim, as long as the minority groups don?t adopt liberal principles, self-government rights can?t be allowed. Within this multicultural context, it is clear that authonomy claims of P.K.K. leading Kurdish nationalist movement, which opressed the opposition in Kurdish society by violence, can?t be allowed. To sum up; in this study, experiences of Western democracies about ethnocultural problems and multicultural approch?s solutions for these problems and the research reports prepared and declared for `Kurdish Question? in Turkey since 1990?s, are evaluated for the sake of contributing to the solution process.

From Turkestan to Andalusia Spain, Medieval Islamic cities geographically occupied a wide area and thus, they had left their mark on the medieval era. Being one of these Islamic cities, Cordoba was seized by Arabs in 711 and the first urbanization activities began upon moving the government centre from Seville to Cordoba. Later on, as the capital city of Andalusia Umayyad Dynasty, Cordoba became one of the most crucial cities of Spain in terms of science, art and trade. In this study, stating the features of medieval Western and Islamic cities, initially, the geographic, politic, economic and philosophic bases that took part in the establishment of the cities will be discussed and a specific focus will be made upon Cordoba city. Afterwards, information about the history, city layout and construction, city government, the socio-economic construction, architectural and cultural formation of Cordoba will be presented. This study reveals that the European urbanization and its product Renaissance in medieval era cannot be considered apart from the administrative, socio-economic, cultural and architectural features of the Islamic cities within the context of Ibn Haldun's thoughts. ; From Turkestan to Andalusia Spain, Medieval Islamic cities geographically occupied a wide area and thus, they had left their mark on the medieval era. Being one of these Islamic cities, Cordoba was seized by Arabs in 711 and the first urbanization activities began upon moving the government centre from Seville to Cordoba. Later on, as the capital city of Andalusia Umayyad Dynasty, Cordoba became one of the most crucial cities of Spain in terms of science, art and trade. In this study, stating the features of medieval Western and Islamic cities, initially, the geographic, politic, economic and philosophic bases that took part in the establishment of the cities will be discussed and a specific focus will be made upon Cordoba city. Afterwards, information about the history, city layout and construction, city government, the socio-economic construction, architectural and cultural formation of Cordoba will be presented. This study reveals that the European urbanization and its product Renaissance in medieval era cannot be considered apart from the administrative, socio-economic, cultural and architectural features of the Islamic cities within the context of Ibn Haldun's thoughts.

Kyoto Protocol which is the last phase of the idea of a need for an international corporation in order to prevent ecocide since 1970s was put into operation in 2005. Kyoto Protocol is an addition of "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)" which was accepted in Rio Summit. In this study first of all, the development process of Kyoto Protocol before its operation will be analyzed, the classification according to the responsibilities and development of the state parties will be dealt. Later on, what kind of solutions does the protocol bring to the climate change problem and the mechanisms that are applied for the projected declines for the emission rates will be scrutinized. Lastly, the legislative and administrative steps that have been taken in the frame of Kyoto Protocol that is effective in Turkey since 2009, and the deficiencies during the adaption process of the protocol is aimed to be put forth.