Suchergebnisse

'Euro-Turks' or 'Turks in Europe' is one of the most significant issues in the contemporary academic and public agenda in Turkey. In fact, many sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, educationists and economists have produced publications on the experience of the Turks in Europe. The studies have focused on cultural identities, lifestyles, experiences, ideas, feelings, hopes and expectations of the Euro-Turks from various aspects. This book is an explanatory study which aims to discuss migration patterns, religious and identity discourses of Euro-Turks using a macro-sociological descriptive method. In this book, I have attempted to provide a comprehensive account of identity orientation, religious life and organizations of Euro-Turks.

Referring the Turks that migrated to European countries as 'temporary workers' in 1960, it is obvious that neither the Turkey nor the receiving countries had no policy about migration because of the thought that they would 'go back to their homeland'. Since late 1970s, the receiving countries' points of view have changed in the way that Turks were not be temporary but permanent. So they developed some strategies and policies. The purpose of these new laws/policies was to take the migration wave under the control and supporting immigrant integration in Europe. Turkey as an emigration country, during those days, started to take some serious steps about preventing its own citizens from assimilation and helping them to integrate successfully. During the migration period, from the early 1960s to the middle of 1980s, there was no official religious services for Turkish immigrants. For about 20 years, those people had been destined to be on their own. Within that period religious services had also been carried out mostly by some Turkey based religious groups, communities and movements. In this paper, the influence of Turkey-connected religious groups and communities on the daily religious life of European Turkish will be evaluated with a macro-sociological point of view. ; 1960'larda Avrupa'nın çeşitli ülkelerine "konuk işçi" olarak göç eden Türklerle ilgili olarak, hem gönderen ülke Türkiye'nin, hem de göç edilen ülkelerin "geri dönecekler" düşüncesiyle, göçün ilk yıllarında her hangi bir politika belirlemedikleri görülmektedir. 1970'li yılların sonlarından itibaren Türk işçilerin geçici olmayıp kalıcı oldukları kanaati oluşmaya başlayınca, göç alan ülkeler bu göçmen işçilere yönelik bir takım çalışmalar başlatmışlardır. Bu politikaların temel amacı, göç dalgasının kontrol altına alınması ve yaşanılan ülkeye entegrasyonun sağlanması oluşturmuştur. Gönderen ülke olarak Türkiye de, yine bu tarihlerde, Avrupa'da yaşayan vatandaşlarının asimilasyondan korunması ve yaşadıkları ülkelere başarılı bir şekilde entegrasyonlarının sağlanabilmesi için bir takım adımlar atmaya başlamıştır. 1960'ların başlarından itibaren başlayan göç sürecinde, 1980'lerin ortalarına kadar Türkiye'nin çeşitli Avrupa ülkelerinde yaşayan göçmen Türklere yönelik din hizmeti alanında resmi bir politikasının olmadığı görülmektedir. Yaklaşık yirmi yılı aşkın bu zaman dilimi göçmenlerin din konusunda kendi kaderlerine bırakıldığı bir döneme işaret etmektedir. Bu zaman dilimi içerisinde din hizmeti faaliyetleri, ağırlıklı olarak Türkiye bağlantılı dini grup ve cemaatler tarafından yürütülmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Avrupalı Türk göçmenlerin gündelik dinsel yaşamında önemli bir yer işgal eden Türkiye bağlantılı dini grup ve cemaatlerin rolü makrososyolojik bir perspektiften hareketle tartışılmıştır.

The Presidency of Religious Affairs (DIB) is an official organization providing public services on religious issues in Turkey. As a constitutional institution, DIB tries to meet society's needs and requirements through internal and external establishments. The external establishment DIB, is organized in countries where Turkish citizens reside, functioning as the Counsellors of Religious Services connected to the Turkish Embassies. DIB has overseas organizations under the name of ''Office of the Counsellor for Religious Services'' affiliated to the Turkish Embassies in those same European countries. Also, there are semi-official religious foundations in relation to these Offices under the name of "Turkish Religious Foundations". In the early 1980s, DIB started the practice of sending religious officials whose salaries are paid by the Government of the Republic of Turkey, to its external organizations carrying out religious activities within the mosques and masjids. Within this framework, The Religious Services Office of the Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in London was founded in 1998. In 2001, "Turkish Religious Foundation of the United Kingdom (ITDV)" affiliated with this Office was established in North London. ITDV started organizing various activities, such as religious, social, cultural and educational, through mosques for both Turkish and other Muslim immigrants living in Britain via Imams or religious officials from Turkey and locally-educated staff. In this paper, we will try to analyse its activities with a macro-descriptive method. It is thought this ITDV has tried to solve Turkish immigrants' problems that come out during the integration process, to keep their integrity, and to ensure the continuity of their community. According to research, ITDV has been considered by Turkish Muslim immigrants as the most reliable foundation among the other Turkish religious organizations in Britain.