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This paper investigates the factors that determined the party preferences in the 1987 and 1991 general elections and the 1989 local election in Istanbul, Turkey's largest metropolitan city. It argues that party preference is essentially an aspect of individual political behavior, which should be explained by the characteristics of individuals who are, in turn, affected by various macro factors. Theories developed for industrialized western countries are of limited use in developing countries and in need of revision. The research finds evidence for the importance of previous voting preferences and religious attitudes for the 1987 general election and the 1989 local elections. Predictions for the 1991 general election seem to be determined by region of birth, age, media follow-up, job status, political attitudes, years of residence in Istanbul, father's education, social class, the number of steps in migrating to Istanbul and the number of income-earners in the household.

This article investigates motives behind cellular phone usage and the satisfaction obtained by users in Turkey. It is suggested that the use of cellular phones as a status symbol is more important than the other motives which affect the level of use negatively. The sample consisted of 630 cellular phone users, 18 years of age or older, randomly selected in the city of Konya. The results verify the importance of status/relaxation and security/sociability as motives for cellular phone usage. While the status/relaxation motive is negatively related, the security/sociability motive indicates a positive relation to the level of total use. Income, previous experience with cellular phones, brand of handset, use at the workplace and in the car are also found to be important in determining the level of usage.

Der Beitrag untersucht die Motive türkischer Handynutzer und die Gratifikationen, die sie mit der Nutzung verbinden. Dabei wird von der Hypothese ausgegangen, dass das Handy als Statussymbol wichtiger ist als alle mögliche anderen Motive, die die Nutzung negativ beeinflussen könnten. Untersucht wurde ein repräsentatives Sample von 680 Handynutzern im Alter von 18 Jahren und älter aus der Stadt Konya. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Bedeutung der Faktoren Status/ Zerstreuung sowie Sicherheit/ Geselligkeit als Motive für die Handynutzung. Während das Motiv Status/ Zerstreuung negativ mit dem Gesamtnutzungslevel korreliert, steht das Motiv Sicherheit/ Geselligkeit dazu in positiver Beziehung. Die Häufigkeit der Nutzung wird auch von Faktoren wie Einkommen, frühere Erfahrungen mit Handys, die Marke des Handys sowie Gebrauch am Arbeitsplatz und im Auto beeinflusst. (UNübers.)

The purpose of this article is to explore spatial orientation and wayfinding behavior of newcomers in an unfamiliar environment and to emphasize the importance of landmarks and spatial differentiation in the acquisition of environmental knowledge. One setting with a symmetrical layout and regularly organized, monotonous units on different floors and another setting with an asymmetrical layout and repetitive units along one side of a linear corridor of one floor were used to explore different strategies for learning about large-scale spatial environments. Wayfinding performance was found to correlate with performances in sketch-map tasks and the answers of a questionnaire about each building. Most of the participants of the asymmetrical setting could complete a sketch map with a minimum of errors. In the symmetrical setting, however, some participants drew incomplete sketch maps but could find their way through the building with a minimum of errors.