Suchergebnisse

The identification and consolidation of human rights standards is part of the work of the European Court of Human Rights. However, the applicability of the European Court's case-law to the construction of common standards in the field of democracy and elections is one of the most difficult areas, as electoral law is generally part of the sovereign choice of the State. The Court has developed a rich case-law on the rights to political participation on the basis of Article 3 to Protocol I. In spite of the particular content of this Article, different of the other rights recognised in the European Convention on Human Rights, there has been a clear evolution towards a protection of both the individual and the dual nature of political rights. This development would have been incomplete without the work and the interactions with the Council of Europe's Venice Commission, which full name is «Commission for Democracy through Law», which largely contributes to the development of standard-setting processes, acting as a catalyser of the States' will to reach a European consensus. The Venice Commission is an international body that has a diplomatic dimension: it must cooperate with States, and, at the same time, it must issue opinions and recommendations that are not always easy to implement (and not always followed) at the national level. This paper focuses on the complex role played by the European Court of Human Rights and the Venice Commission in successfully setting common European standards and good practices in the field of elections. This article explores first the hard law standards as developed by the European Court of Human Rights in its case-law in the field of elections. It further examines the role of the Venice Commission and its working methods when identifying soft law standards in the electoral field and how, through its interactions with the Court, reinforces these standards and hard law standards to promote an electoral ius commune. ; La identificación y consolidación de los estándares de derechos ...

International audience ; How have the Inter-American human rights bodies dealt with the notion of war, which has been transformed over time into the notion of (internal and international) " armed conflicts " ? This question has guided the first part of this study, which sets out the various types of conflicts that have occurred in the American continent. These situations (armed conflicts, internal strife, State terrorism) have produced a wide range of legal qualifications, used by both the Inter-American Commission and Court of human rights in their case-law. This conceptual delimitation carried out by these two bodies is all the more important as it affects the law that applies to armed conflicts. Indeed, by analyzing this question, the everlasting debate on the relationship between International Law on Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law reappears. The second part of this study therefore focuses on the issue of discovering whether and in which way jus in bello has found its place in the Inter-American Human Rights bodies' case-law. As the active political life of Latin American societies has shown, the study of the different applicable legal regimes also requires looking into the " state of emergency " Law, an issue which has been shaped by the Inter-American Court and Commission's work.

International audience ; How have the Inter-American human rights bodies dealt with the notion of war, which has been transformed over time into the notion of (internal and international) " armed conflicts " ? This question has guided the first part of this study, which sets out the various types of conflicts that have occurred in the American continent. These situations (armed conflicts, internal strife, State terrorism) have produced a wide range of legal qualifications, used by both the Inter-American Commission and Court of human rights in their case-law. This conceptual delimitation carried out by these two bodies is all the more important as it affects the law that applies to armed conflicts. Indeed, by analyzing this question, the everlasting debate on the relationship between International Law on Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law reappears. The second part of this study therefore focuses on the issue of discovering whether and in which way jus in bello has found its place in the Inter-American Human Rights bodies' case-law. As the active political life of Latin American societies has shown, the study of the different applicable legal regimes also requires looking into the " state of emergency " Law, an issue which has been shaped by the Inter-American Court and Commission's work.

How have Inter-American Human Rights bodies dealt with the notion of "war", which has been transformed over time into the notion of internal and international "armed conflicts"? This question provides the analytical foundation of the first part of this study, which sets out the various types of conflicts that have occurred in the American continent. These situations (armed conflicts, internal strife, State terrorism) have produced a wide range of legal categorizations, utilized by both the Commission and Inter-American Court of Human Rights in their case-law. This conceptual delimitation carried out by these two bodies is all the more important as it affects the law that applies to armed conflicts. Indeed, by analysing this question, the never-ending debate on the relationship between International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law reappears. The second part of this study therefore focuses on the issue of discovering whether and in which way jus in bello has found its place into the Inter-American Human Rights bodies' case-law. As the active political life of Latin American societies has shown, the study of the different applicable legal regimes also requires looking into "state of emergency" Law, an issue which has been shaped by the Inter-American Court and Commission's work. ; ¿De qué manera los órganos del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos han hecho frente a la noción de "guerra", concepto que ha ido cambiando con el tiempo, siendo la expresión utilizada hoy la de "conflicto armado", ya sea interno o internacional? Esta pregunta se halla a la base del análisis desarrollado en la primera parte de este artículo, demostrando que el continente americano ha sido objeto de conflictos de todo tipo. La heterogeneidad de situaciones (conflictos armados, tensiones internas, terrorismo de Estado) ha engendrado una variedad de calificaciones jurídicas que tanto la Comisión como la Corte interamericanas han identificado con detalle en su jurisprudencia. Esta operación de conceptualización es aún más trascendente por su implicación para el Derecho Internacional aplicable a los conflictos armados. A través de este estudio, resurge el eterno debate de la relación entre dos ramas clave del Derecho internacional: la del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y la del Derecho Internacional Humanitario. La segunda parte del análisis tiene por objeto explorar, pues, si el ius in bello ha encontrado su sitio en la jurisprudencia de los órganos del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos. En fin, los cambios que han acompañado buena parte de la historia política del continente americano demuestran igualmente la importancia de tener en cuenta el régimen aplicable a los estados de excepción, muy presente en el trabajo de la Corte y la Comisión Interamericanas.

¿De qué manera los órganos del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos han hecho frente a la noción de "guerra", concepto que ha ido cambiando con el tiempo, siendo la expresión utilizada hoy la de "conflicto armado", ya sea interno o internacional? Esta pregunta se halla a la base del análisis desarrollado en la primera parte de este artículo, demostrando que el continente americano ha sido objeto de conflictos de todo tipo. La heterogeneidad de situaciones (conflictos armados, tensiones internas, terrorismo de Estado) ha engendrado una variedad de calificaciones jurídicas que tanto la Comisión como la Corte interamericanas han identificado con detalle en su jurisprudencia. Esta operación de conceptualización es aún más trascendente por su implicación para el Derecho Internacional aplicable a los conflictos armados. A través de este estudio, resurge el eterno debate de la relación entre dos ramas clave del Derecho internacional: la del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y la del Derecho Internacional Humanitario. La segunda parte del análisis tiene por objeto explorar, pues, si el ius in bello ha encontrado su sitio en la jurisprudencia de los órganos del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos. En fin, los cambios que han acompañado buena parte de la historia política del continente americano demuestran igualmente la importancia de tener en cuenta el régimen aplicable a los estados de excepción, muy presente en el trabajo de la Corte y la Comisión Interamericanas. ; How have Inter-American Human Rights bodies dealt with the notion of "war", which has been transformed over time into the notion of internal and international "armed conflicts"? This question provides the analytical foundation of the first part of this study, which sets out the various types of conflicts that have occurred in the American continent. These situations (armed conflicts, internal strife, State terrorism) have produced a wide range of legal categorizations, utilized by both the Commission and Inter-American Court of Human Rights in their case-law. This conceptual delimitation carried out by these two bodies is all the more important as it affects the law that applies to armed conflicts. Indeed, by analysing this question, the never-ending debate on the relationship between International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law reappears. The second part of this study therefore focuses on the issue of discovering whether and in which way jus in bello has found its place into the Inter-American Human Rights bodies' case-law. As the active political life of Latin American societies has shown, the study of the different applicable legal regimes also requires looking into "state of emergency" Law, an issue which has been shaped by the Inter-American Court and Commission's work.

This work offers the first systematic analysis of the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights to be published in the English language. The book provides a comprehensive collation and commentary on the jurisprudence of the Court, situating it in the broader context of international human rights law, drawing comparisons in particular with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It features coverage of both procedural and substantive human rights law