Lithuanian government attempts to create equal opportunities for children who are brought up in different economic, social, and cultural conditions. The income of the majority of Lithuanian citizens still falls behind the European average. This study aims to examine the effect of household income on the choice of non-formal education activity of children and the costs of participation in sports. A questionnaire survey was public used on a website. Vilnius households (Ʃ = 136) were those whose 3-7 years old children were enrolled in non-formal sports activities. The survey aimed to find out the effect of household income on the selection of children's non-formal sports education. Results showed that the importance level of a sports club, the sport, or activity selection criteria are more expressed in families with lower income. Survey revealed the annual (nine months) ten categories of expenses incurred by parents. The average parental costs for children's sports activities per nine months amount to EUR 550, consisting of the membership fees and other costs. Parents tend to finance children's non-formal education through sport irrespective of household income, i.e., parental predispositions towards their children's participation in sports are much stronger compared to incurred expenses on sports activities.
Lithuanian government attempts to create equal opportunities for children who are brought up in different economic, social, and cultural conditions. The income of the majority of Lithuanian citizens still falls behind the European average. This study aims to examine the effect of household income on the choice of non-formal education activity of children and the costs of participation in sports. A questionnaire survey was public used on a website. Vilnius households (Ʃ = 136) were those whose 3-7 years old children were enrolled in non-formal sports activities. The survey aimed to find out the effect of household income on the selection of children's non-formal sports education. Results showed that the importance level of a sports club, the sport, or activity selection criteria are more expressed in families with lower income. Survey revealed the annual (nine months) ten categories of expenses incurred by parents. The average parental costs for children's sports activities per nine months amount to EUR 550, consisting of the membership fees and other costs. Parents tend to finance children's non-formal education through sport irrespective of household income, i.e., parental predispositions towards their children's participation in sports are much stronger compared to incurred expenses on sports activities.
Lithuanian government attempts to create equal opportunities for children who are brought up in different economic, social, and cultural conditions. The income of the majority of Lithuanian citizens still falls behind the European average. This study aims to examine the effect of household income on the choice of non-formal education activity of children and the costs of participation in sports. A questionnaire survey was public used on a website. Vilnius households (Ʃ = 136) were those whose 3-7 years old children were enrolled in non-formal sports activities. The survey aimed to find out the effect of household income on the selection of children's non-formal sports education. Results showed that the importance level of a sports club, the sport, or activity selection criteria are more expressed in families with lower income. Survey revealed the annual (nine months) ten categories of expenses incurred by parents. The average parental costs for children's sports activities per nine months amount to EUR 550, consisting of the membership fees and other costs. Parents tend to finance children's non-formal education through sport irrespective of household income, i.e., parental predispositions towards their children's participation in sports are much stronger compared to incurred expenses on sports activities.
Match-fixing becomes a global issue in the political agendas of team sports organizations, especially football. The outcomes of match-fixing phenomenon continue to threaten all stakeholders of the sports industry. In small country as Lithuania match-fixing became a big problem during the last five years. Is Lithuanian football became a victim of the globalization? How strong are the value orientation and management systems in national clubs? The aim of this study is to research into the practice of fraudulent agreements in Lithuanian football, presuming that it is the result of inadequate value-based management of football clubs. Professional football players, in total 258, were questioning. Football players' attitude towards match-fixing practice and value-based management of football clubs depends on the player's income and training frequency.
Match-fixing becomes a global issue in the political agendas of team sports organizations, especially football. The outcomes of match-fixing phenomenon continue to threaten all stakeholders of the sports industry. In small country as Lithuania match-fixing became a big problem during the last five years. Is Lithuanian football became a victim of the globalization? How strong are the value orientation and management systems in national clubs? The aim of this study is to research into the practice of fraudulent agreements in Lithuanian football, presuming that it is the result of inadequate value-based management of football clubs. Professional football players, in total 258, were questioning. Football players' attitude towards match-fixing practice and value-based management of football clubs depends on the player's income and training frequency.
Youth sport programs in Lithuania are delivered in public and private sports schools, also by private sport clubs and various non-government organizations. However, a recent shift from public sector towards private sector has been observed. As a result, public-private partnerships in sport sector and, particularly, in youth sport program delivery, could be seen as a logical next step in strive for good governance. Private sector is mainly focused on utilization of sport facilities, while public sector – the owner of sport facilities – is mainly concerned with the economics of facility maintenance and additional income to offset budget reductions. Similarly to the findings of Legg and colleagues (2018), potential partnership efficiencies are not always realized due to a lack of goal alignment and limited resources. Using a qualitative interpretive approach, data were collected through online questionnaires from 8 municipality representatives who were either the heads of sport division or had direct contact with youth sports programs. Research findings were constructed along three phases of partnership governance – formation, management, and outcomes. Study results provide insights into the advantages and disadvantages of public-private partnerships in youth sport delivery, as well as identify possible solutions towards increased effectiveness of collaboration in future. Multiple positive outcomes were identified by this study – from improved infrastructure, increased sport participation numbers to successful collaboration in event management and constructive influence on the establishment of a more efficient regulatory framework. And although, this research has not uncovered more systematic findings regarding public-private partnerships, it clearly proved that benefits outweighed shortcomings, thus, indicating future potential of such governance model.
This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.
This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision-making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.
This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.
This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision-making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.
This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision-making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement. ; Šio straipsnio tikslas yra išanalizuoti kaip Lietuvos sporto sistemos politikos formavimo proceso ypatumai pasireiškia hierarchinio valdymo kontekste, atitinka biurokratinę konfigūraciją ir sukuria objektyvias prielaidas decentralizacijai. Straipsnyje remtasi duomenimis, kurie buvo gauti renkant ir analizuojant oficialius dokumentus, susijusius su sporto viešosios politikos formavimu nuo 2011 m. iki 2018 m. Duomenų rinkimo tikslas buvo atskleisti pagrindinius viešosios politikos formavimo proceso komponentus – aplinką, strateginio planavimo procesą, dalyvių kompetenciją ir sprendimų priėmimo galią bei suinteresuotųjų šalių grupes. Pagrindiniai tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvos sporto valdymas kartu su daugeliu kitų Europos šalių apibrėžiamas kaip biurokratinė struktūra. Pagrindinė sporto viešosios politikos formavimo proceso atsakomybė tenka Švietimo, mokslo ir sporto ministerijai ir aktyvioms nevyriausybinėms sporto organizacijoms, o pagrindiniai Lietuvos sporto viešosios politikos formavimo tikslai išdėstyti strateginiuose dokumentuose. Tačiau jų įgyvendinimas turėtų būti paremtas institucine ir asmenine atsakomybe, pagarba ir tolerancija aplinkai, gebėjimu išklausyti ir susitarti.
Background. Health Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) is an important component of European sports policy. Lithuania, a member of the WHO and the European Union, recognizes the existing problems and seeks to join the relevant initiatives. There are questions how the provisions of the Health Enhancing Physical Activity are perceived and realized, what is the level of physical activity among population, and how are the EU Physical Activity Guidelines followed and implemented. The aim of the article is to disclose the actualities of promoting health through sport and physical activity in Lithuanian society in the light of the EU Physical Activity Guidelines. Research methods and organization. Analysis of scientific literature, content analysis of documents, structured interviews. Health, education and sports industry experts working in organizations and institutions reporting to Panevėžys and Kaunas local authorities were interviewed for the study. All subjects are persons with third-level education. Half of the interviewees hold senior specialist's position. The average age of the respondents is 42.16 years and the average work experience is 8.16 years. The survey was done in April, 2011. Results and conclusions. The results of the empirical research on public health promotion in the country based on the evaluations of health, education and sports experts showed that implementation of HEPA policy is encumbered by inadequate cross-sector collaboration, which is also hindered by underdeveloped infrastructure and scarcity of indispensable financial and human resources. Information about HEPA programs in Lithuania is scant, and for this reason HEPA documents adopted in the country are not adequately executed. The biggest weakness of the HEPA programs is unreceptiveness, apparently caused by the inertness of the governmental institutions resulting from both inadequate funding and inappropriate approach of the authorities to the necessity, opportunities and perspectives of health enhancing physical activities.
Background. Health Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) is an important component of European sports policy. Lithuania, a member of the WHO and the European Union, recognizes the existing problems and seeks to join the relevant initiatives. There are questions how the provisions of the Health Enhancing Physical Activity are perceived and realized, what is the level of physical activity among population, and how are the EU Physical Activity Guidelines followed and implemented. The aim of the article is to disclose the actualities of promoting health through sport and physical activity in Lithuanian society in the light of the EU Physical Activity Guidelines. Research methods and organization. Analysis of scientific literature, content analysis of documents, structured interviews. Health, education and sports industry experts working in organizations and institutions reporting to Panevėžys and Kaunas local authorities were interviewed for the study. All subjects are persons with third-level education. Half of the interviewees hold senior specialist's position. The average age of the respondents is 42.16 years and the average work experience is 8.16 years. The survey was done in April, 2011. Results and conclusions. The results of the empirical research on public health promotion in the country based on the evaluations of health, education and sports experts showed that implementation of HEPA policy is encumbered by inadequate cross-sector collaboration, which is also hindered by underdeveloped infrastructure and scarcity of indispensable financial and human resources. Information about HEPA programs in Lithuania is scant, and for this reason HEPA documents adopted in the country are not adequately executed. The biggest weakness of the HEPA programs is unreceptiveness, apparently caused by the inertness of the governmental institutions resulting from both inadequate funding and inappropriate approach of the authorities to the necessity, opportunities and perspectives of health enhancing physical activities.
The ideology and implementation of the new (good) public governance principles requires more effective institutionalization of strategic planning from the public sector organisations, more intensive development efforts to improve the preparedness of governance elite to achieve social – intellectual creativity. Implementation of good governance principles depends on the development of social responsibility, social solidarity, and transparency criteria and public communication as an instrument of transferring and integrating knowledge and information. The analysis of the implem entation of good governance principles shows, that good governance, as the last doctrine of public administration for each region and country (including Lithuanian public sector), has universal and specific features. The forms and methods of the implementation of good governance principles (first of all transparency and public communication) can be classified, described and explained as the development of methodology, mechanisms and instruments of ongoing modernization reforms. The article aims to identify the key principles of good public governance, define their concepts, and evaluate the general parameters and dimensions of the implementation of good governance principles in the activities of Lithuanian strategic sports federations. The main focus is placed on the analysis of transparency and public communication criteria and factors, monitoring and control processes. The survey described in this article involved general secretaries or presidents of eight Lithuanian strategic sports federations. The questionnaire was designed by adapting and amending the instrument that was developed in 2013 for the EC co-funded project Action for Good Governance in International Sports Organisations and used for the assessment of good governance principles in sport organizations. We found great variations in the implementation level of certain principles. Only the principle of democratic governance process received the "Excellent" score (76.44%). The implementation of this principle is 90% and above in three out of eight federations. The implementation of stakeholder identification and role principle was found at high level (80%) in two federations. The average score of governance control and balance principle was the lowest and that can be explained by the fact that external audit was conducted following the established international standards. The analysis of separate statements in the block of strategic governance process implementation principle revealed that the lowest scores were given to the statement regarding the use of certain criteria in the assessment of strategic plan implementation. Solidarity and social responsibility principle is implemented only at the level of 54.75%. We found that half of the interviewed federations scored below 50% in the assessment of the said principle. It is the lowest score among all assessed principles of good governance. The combined score of the statements used to assess transparency and public communication principle was the lowest (43.3%) among all analysed principles. Only one organisation has this principle implemented above 60%, while the others achieved only "Satisfactory" level of 50%. The statistical analysis of obtained results revealed that five out of fifteen statements representing transparency and public communication principle are evaluated negatively. We may claim that, on the one hand, the principle of transparency and public communication is judged ambivalently by the persons in charge of federation governance though having full awareness of the responsibility for the implementation of this principle. On the other hand, the compliance of awareness and aspirations with the actual operation processes is often at odds with objective reality. Apparently, the current status of the implementation of good governance principles is influenced not only by the financial capacities of federations and popularity of the sport, but also by different attitudes and approach of the leaders towards the governance of the federation, their practical expertise, their goals and actions for the improvement of organizational governance procedures. ; Straipsnyje analizuojami modernaus viešojo valdymo kaitos procesų kiekybiniai ir kokybiniai, sisteminiai – procesiniai pokyčiai ir jų įgyvendinimas. Remiantis modernaus viešojo administravimo teoriniais – metodologiniais konstruktais straipsnyje siekiama identifikuoti, pagrįsti ir eksplanuoti gerojo viešojo valdymo principus, jų įgyvendinimo metodus ir procedūras, išskiriant jų praktinės raiškos indikacijas Lietuvos strateginių sporto šakų federacijų veikloje. Atliktas tyrimas atskleidė pagrindinių gero valdymo principų įgyvendinimo kokybę federacijų veikloje. Ypatingas dėmesys skirtas itin silpnai įgyvendinamam skaidrumo ir viešos komunikacijos principui. Balansas tarp federacijos vykdomos skaidrios veiklos politikos siekiant išlaikyti federacijos autonomiją ir būtinybės išplėtoti tinkamus santykius su visomis suinteresuotomis grupėmis, laiduojančiomis federacijos plėtrą, išlieka pagrindiniu federacijos valdymo iššūkiu.
This article focuses on the experience of financial possibilities of non-governmental children and youth sport organizations. An interview was used with the heads of three biggest Lithuanian non-governmental sport organizations. The result of the investigation has shown that the respondents have a clear enough understanding of the concept of non-governmental organizations. However, most of the respondents emphasize sources of financing rather than tasks and activities of the organization. On the another hand, society is lacking knowledge about activities of non-governmental organizations due to the opinion that engagement of children and youth deals only on private initiative. An adequate point of view and responsibility for young generation development are not enough as well. Some respondents said that private initiative is dominating, and it is due to passive behavior of the State, lack of its initiative. It was also highlighted that States effective social policy is important for the development of private philanthropic initiative.
