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The paper will focus on the challenges of institutionalizing the new planning instrument - Integrated Urban Development Strategy (IUDS).1 It starts with a discussion on fostering innovations in urban governance, the impact of European urban development policies and the implementation of new planning instrument. Driven by demand for more effective and flexible planning, urban governance influenced the use of different instruments in practice. One of them is IUDS. The strategy development processes in three Serbian cities are the first examples of operationalization of the collaborative approach and IUDS in Serbia as the post socialist context which is adapting and adjusting to market oriented model. As such it holds endogenous character and meaning within the local planning practice. The key challenges of the strategy implementation are identified as understanding of the expected outcomes of its application and the existence of potential for change. With regards to the indicators of institutionalization of this new instrument, local planners have pointed out at the importance of providing further technical support, steps towards the implementation of the strategy, further capacity development, introduction of better communication as well as the establishment of relations. As a new instrument for urban development planning and supporting urban governance, the strategy has become the subject of analysis in the field of administration, professional and the academic community. ; U radu je fokus na izazove institucionalizacije novog instrumenta planiranja - Strategije integralnog urbanog razvoja (SIUR). Započinje sa diskusijom o podsticanju novina u upravljanju urbanim razvojem, uticaju evropskih politika urbanog razvoja i primeni novog planskog instrumenta. Podsticano zahtevima za efektivnijim i fleksibilnijim planiranjem, upravljanje urbanim razvojem je uticalo na primenu različitih instrumenata u praksi. Jedan od njih je i strategija integralnog urbanog razvoja. Procesi izrade strategija u tri srpska grada predstavljaju prva iskustva operacionalizacije kolaborativnog pristupa i integralnog strateškog planiranja urbanog razvoja u Srbiji kao postsocijalističkom kontekstu, koji se prilagodjava tržišno orijentisanom modelu planiranja. Kao takav, poseduje endogeni karakter i značenje u okviru lokalne prakse planiranja. Kao ključni izazovi primene strategije izdvojeni su razumevanje očekivanih ishoda njene primene i postojanje potencijala za promene. U domenu pokazatelja institucionalizacije novog instrumenta lokalni urbanisti su ukazali na značaj obezbeđivanja dalje tehničke podrške, prve iskorake u implementaciji strategija, dalje razvijanje kapaciteta i uvođenje bolje komunikacije i uspostavljanje relacija. Kao novi upravljački i planski instrument strategija je postala predmet analize u sferi uprave, struke i akademske zajednice.

Open public spaceis usually seen as physical, but also dialogic space that promotes social responsibility and affects the quality of life of citizens. Public participation in planning and design of such spaces has been observed as a fundamental emanation of democracy. This paper considers the effects of applying participatory approach to the urban design of open public spaces as a practical experiment in teaching. Different levels and methods of participation were used in order to identify main problems and potentials for the use of public space, formulate goals and priorities, and re-evaluate the concepts of urban design. Acquiring knowledge is considered to be the most important result of a dynamic approach, directed towards learning and achieving new skills. Thus, this paper suggests that the capacity development through participation may be seen as a basis for the future community development, and longitudinal care fort he public space as common good. ; Otvoreni javni prostori se uglavnom posmatraju kao fizički, ali i kao dijaloški, prostori koji podstiču društvenu odgovornost i utiču na kvalitet života u datom lokalnom kontekstu. Učešće javnosti u planiranju i dizajnu takvih prostora se već duži niz godina posmatra kao osnovna emanacija demokratije. Ovaj rad razmatra efekte primene participativnog pristupa urbanom dizajnu otvorenih javnih prostora kao praktičnog eksperimenta u nastavi. U procesu urbanog dizajna su korišćeni različiti nivoi i metode participacije kako bi se prepoznali glavni problemi i potencijali u korišćenju javnih prostora, formulisali ciljevi i prioritetne aktivnosti za njihovo uređenje, kao i reevaluirali početni koncepti. U ovom radu se saznanje sagledava kao najznačajni rezultat dinamičkog pristupa, usmeravanja na razvoj novih znanja i sposobnosti. S tim u vezi, sugeriše se da se razvijanje kapaciteta kroz participaciju može posmatrati i kao osnova za budući razvoj zajednice i brigu o javnom prostoru kao zajedničkom dobru.

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the effects of collaborative innovation (CI) in urban planning practice by investigating the influence of a platform for collaboration between academia and external partners (practitioners and community groups). Unlike previous research on learning outcomes from the perspective of students (Fokdal et al., 2020), the aim of this article is to investigate the transformative learning (TL) experience from the perspective of the external partners.


Design/methodology/approach
The outcomes of the TL experience were assessed through four elements: disorienting dilemma; critical reflection; engagement in discourse; and reflective and critical taking action.


Findings
The claim that collaboration with multiple actors through TL processes can help promote innovative ways to view and practice planning outside of academia has to a certain extent been confirmed. This paper provides evidence that such transformative processes can have an impact on the individuals involved and shows the importance of individuals acting as change agents – or drivers of innovation. In addition, the importance of a collaborative platform – acting as an intermediary – in facilitating TL processes in planning practices is highlighted in the context of Serbia.


Originality/value
This paper is a continuation of existing research on educational initiatives that attempt to integrate sustainability into the curricula and bring innovation to urban planning practice; showcase outcomes of the TL experience for sustainable development, especially when addressing the innovative ways that planning is practiced outside of academia; and push for change toward a more sustainable future not only within and but also outside of academia.

Purpose
This paper aims to supplement existing research on a joint approach to integrate sustainability into higher planning education (HPE) by facilitating an international transformative learning process. It looks at three different urban master's programs in Serbia (Belgrade) and Germany (Berlin and Stuttgart).


Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, students' assessments of the pedagogical model, individual learning outcomes and the long-term value of the pedagogical model in respect of key competences for sustainability are presented and discussed. Basic assumptions of the study include that assessment from the students' perspective can provide feedback on the transformational learning experience with the aim of improving the experience and thus learning outcomes; help identify limitations and target specific areas for improvement in the pedagogical model; and improve the evaluation of effectiveness in developing knowledge and skills for sustainability in HPE.


Findings
The paper provides evidence that a learner-centered and action-oriented approach, as well as a global dialogue among peers from different backgrounds and nationalities, is an effective way to educate future generations of urban planners to become "change agents" for societal transformation toward a more sustainable future within their respective contexts.


Originality/value
The paper is a supplement to the existing research on educational initiatives that attempts to integrate sustainability into the curricula, especially of urban-related programs; showcases outcomes of the pedagogical model(s) for sustainable development applied, especially when addressing the competences of students working in developing, transitional and developed countries or different geographic contexts; and shows long-term learning outcomes after the students move into work practice.

This paper aims at critically re-assessing the new regulatory framework for public policy governance in Serbia, a structure of crucial importance for urban governance. Public policy regulation is a key objective of Serbia's Regulatory Reform and Public Policy Improvement Strategy, 2016-2020. The first measure envisaged under the Action Plan to implement this Strategy is the creation of a common legal framework for governing public policies through the enactment of a Planning System Law. Its purpose is to govern the planning system by: (a) defining mechanisms for the adoption and mutual alignment of public policies; (b) establishing instruments to direct public policies and linking policymaking with budgeting; and (c) formalising the currently informal planning practice and integrating it with formal planning in all areas of public policy in Serbia. In the absence of an appropriate regulatory framework, Serbia's current practices in urban governance have caused a proliferation of mutually unaligned documents and uncoordinated actions by stakeholders at various levels of government, resulting in the unsustainable use of resources and the generation of spatial conflicts. The proposed Planning System Law marks an advance in the understanding of the role and purpose of the public sector in urban governance in line with the concept of sustainable development and the requirements of European integration. This paper will review this Law proposal as a new legislative framework, which ought to contribute to the establishment of system and a system governance model. Therefore, the structure of the system, regarding its elements and their mutual relations, will be analysed with reference to systems theory and the model for the governance of the development process. After omissions were identified in the consistency and integration of the proposed solutions, recommendations to improve the system and its management were developed in line with the contemporary concept of good governance.

This chapter suggests a new view on the arrangement of urban governance for Serbia, where an Integrated Urban Project (IUP) is examined as an instrument for achieving sustainable development. Policy-making in Serbia's urban development is faced with the challenge of transition from a traditional, bureaucratic, and autocratic system towards a new, efficient, effective, communicative, and flexible one. The process of searching for new instruments for its realisation was initiated due to the existing model's inability to deal with complex problems brought about by the post-socialist economic and social transition, as well as global influences related to Serbia's planned accession to the European Union (EU). The first part of the chapter briefly outlines the concept of a new urban governance model. The second section defines the characteristics of an IUP as an instrument intended to create and implement sustainable public policies in the field of urban development. The third part presents curricula of master's theses and master's projects for three generations of students of the Integrated Urbanism master's programme at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade: (i) IUPs for Inner City Development, (ii) IUPs for Disaster Risk Management, and (iii) IUPs for Municipal Development. Regardless of the differences in topics and locations, the students' assignments were to work with specific local institutions to devise IUPs in response to identified problems of the 'real' context and indicate how these might be put into practice. This section details the results achieved by the latest generation of students: (i) the IUPs as urban governance instruments, focusing on their integration potential; and (ii) the IUPs development process, showing the types and techniques of communication and knowledge dissemination amongst students, as well as between students and mentors, and with the local community and the broader professional and academic public. Besides aiming to contribute to a comprehensive innovation of the curriculum in the local context of a post-socialist country, the purpose of this chapter is to point out the options and opportunities for collaboration between academic institutions and local communities in the introduction of new topics, ideas, concepts, and instruments for effective urban governance in Serbia. ; Book series: Reviews of Sustainability and Resilience of the Built Environment for Education, Research and Design

Sustainable and balanced urban-rural development largely depends on the system of governance, as well as methods, instruments, and practices which were derived from it. Just, efficient and effective governance requires collaboration and sharing of responsibility in policy formulation and decision-making processes between different stakeholders at different levels of territorial organisation. This implies a complex set of mechanisms, processes and institutions through which stakeholders can articulate their interests and exercise their rights, but also share ideas, negotiate, reach common understanding, and agree on solutions in given circumstances. This paper presents and discusses the process and results of the collaboration between an academic institution and a local government in the development of students' master's theses and integrated projects for the territory of the municipality of Pančevo, Serbia. The main focus of the curriculum was the application of multilevel governance instruments to achieve balanced development of the municipal territory. Students' projects addressed various challenges: devastation of agricultural land; migration of (especially young) people from rural to urban areas; poor services and low income in rural areas; waste management; neglect of natural and cultural heritage. The educational approach was designed so as to create a learning environment that fosters collaborative learning for all the participants involved: students, local stakeholders, consultants, and mentors. The paper consists of three main sections. The first provides a brief overview of the theoretical background of multilevel governance, collaborative learning, and the practice-oriented approach to education. The second section presents the objectives of this educational model, and the methods and structure of the expected deliverables. The third part presents six students' projects that deal with urban-rural relationships, and highlights key multilevel governance instruments for the implementation of the resulting proposals. The conclusion discusses process and product outcomes, differentiating benefits for all those involved, obstacles, and challenges, and provides recommendations for future work.

Sustainable and balanced urban-rural development largely depends on governance system and methods, instruments and practices deriving from it. Just, efficient and effective governance requires collaboration and sharing of responsibility in policy formulation and decision-making processes between different stakeholders at different levels of territorial organization. This implies a complex set of mechanisms, processes and institutions through which stakeholders can articulate their interests and exercise their rights, but also share ideas, negotiate, reach common understanding and agree on solution in given circumstances. This paper discusses process and achieved results of the collaboration between academic institution and local government in the students' master thesis and integrated projects development for. .set on application of multilevel governance instruments in order to achieve balanced development of the municipal territory. Students' projects address different challenges: devastation of agricultural land; migration of (especially young) population from rural to urban areas; poor services and low income in rural areas; waste management; neglect of natural and cultural heritage. The educational approach was designed in order to create learning environment that foster collaborative learning for all participants involved: students, local stakeholders, consultants and mentors. The paper has three main parts. The first one provides a brief overview of the theoretical background of the multilevel governance and collaborative learning and practice oriented educational approach. Second part presents the objectives of this educational model, methods and structure of the expected deliverables. The third part presents seven students' projects that are dealing with urban-rural relationships and highlights key multilevel governance instruments for the implementation of proposals. Conclusion discusses process and product outcomes differentiating benefits for all involved, obstacles and challenges and provides recommendations for future work.

In 2019, Serbia adopted its first national urban policy. This document was established through a communicative process during 2018–2019, formally encouraging urban governance as a practical innovation in Serbia's planning doctrine. The main aim of this research is to explore institutional capacity development within a live setting of the policy formation process. The participants of this process are the primary subjects of the research. Data was collected through participatory events in four instances during the process. The concept of institutional capacity development is used in this paper as a basic framework to assess knowledge, relational and mobilisation capacity for urban governance. The main contribution of this paper is providing an understanding of the challenges and potentials for establishing urban governance practices in a post-socialist country planning context. Findings indicate an increase in the participants' knowledge and understanding of governance instruments such that coordination and cooperation are continually unfolding. The identified challenges relate to the mobilisation capacity and fragility of institutions and resistance to change, while a need to deal with complexity and uncertainty remains present.

Serbia has been facing migration and influx of refugees and internally displaced persons since the 1990s. At the same time, the country went through significant changes in the political and socio-economic regime, planning and urban development practice and urban land management, which had effects on development of housing solutions as well. Serbian planning system is influenced by its path dependency in relation to socialist era and later transitional stages. Moreover, it is directed towards adjusting to market economy and EU perspective, where various international influences were developed during the period of support through programs and projects of international assistance for the socio-economic integration of refugees. Some of these programs are still ongoing. The contribution of this paper is to offer basis for understanding the influences on development of both formal and informal planning instruments for housing solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons from 1990s to 2015, with Serbia being taken as an illustrative case. The nature of housing solutions is examined in relation to different state policies, concepts and planning practices, as well as systemic solutions in legal framework within particular focus on: introduction of different forms of ownership, regulation of norms and standards of planning, new institutional solutions, and treatment of housing as a public interest. Finally, this paper will demonstrate that in a transitional society, legal framework represents a prerequisite but not a guarantee of enforcement, where complexity of its operationalization is closely related to real political and socio-economic context.