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ABSTRACTMost academic studies on the process of European integration do not pay much attention tothe international system and its requirements. The process of European integration is usuallyanalyzed as being a consequence of internal dynamics. However, European integration is notsolely dependent on internal dynamics. The external dynamics should also be emphasized asindependent variables. This thesis aims to look at the picture from the perspective of the solehegemonic power, the United States (US), and analyze Turkey's accession to the EU fromthat perspective. Washington conceives the continent of Europe as a springboard to Eurasia,center of the world according to many geo-politics theories. Moreover, Washingtonconsidered European enlargement, a means of wide spreading western values of democracyand liberalism to these regions. Washington's relationship with Turkey has always beenfounded on strategic considerations. Turkey is a pivotal state in the region. Moreover, Turkeyhas had western orientation since the early days of its foundation. It has been endeavoring tobecome a member of the European club. Thus, Turkey has the potential to inspire itsneighboring regions and influence them to orient toward western institutions and values. Insum, anchoring Turkey to western institutions is the main reason for Washington's support forTurkey's accession to the EU. Washington's view of the EU enlargement as a duty ofEuropeans in order to share their burdens in transatlantic cooperation overlaps with theWashington's vision of Turkey's accession to the EU.

How do non-state actors frame climate change in a region labelled as a climate hotspot? To answer this question, this article explores the climate communication strategies of non-state actors with various country origins. Adopting the quantitative content analysis method, it comparatively analyses differing frame utilizations (e.g. ecological/meteorological, policy, economic and energy interests, culture, science and technology, civil society) of non-state actors in their selected climate change/global warming-related reports (n=89) on the Mediterranean. The findings provide clues on the cosmopolitan framing of non-state actors on the regional level.

How do news media outlets react to an international crisis during a resurgence of populism at home? Led by President Erdoğan's AK Party, Turkey's military operations toward Syria provide fertile ground to examine how an increasingly polarized media industry has used populist framing to report on the conflict. Adopting a framing analysis method, this article analyses 2,166 examples of news coverage of the conflict by 3 mainstream national online news outlets with printed versions affiliated with certain political parties or sociopolitical camps—namely, the pro-government Sabah, the moderate/the pro-government Hürriyet, and the opposition/Kemalist Sözcü—as well as one alternative media outlet, Bianet. The findings reveal that the creation of a sense of crisis over Syria has precipitated a "rally-round-the-flag" effect. This prompted the ruling AK Party's populist discourses to dominate the public sphere through the mainstream media, including opposition outlets, with detrimental implications for the state of democracy. It will likely serve as a baseline to make cross-country comparisons on the interplay among the media landscape, international crises, and authoritarian governments at a time of resurgent populism.

Despite growing global concerns regarding the reliability of the American economy in general and the Dollar as a Negotiated Currency in particular US-shaped regime of international finance will survive the present difficulties. This is mainly due to the fact that China would be predisposed to maintain its backing of the US Dollar not to harm it because it staked a massive economic and political capital in that. Beijing has so far persisted in assisting the global value of the US Dollar (sacrificing considerable sums of economic return) which is an apt move to beef up the American domestic market with the intention of keeping Chinese factories busy at all times. © 2013 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000290990700004 ; A panoramic outlook on the present global system shows that the US has been failing to preserve its global preponderance against the rise of new contenders from Asia. Turkey's new foreign policy demeanor under the AKP government reflects this shift of global power from the West to the East, leaning on both of these two poles (especially Russia and the US), thereby, aims at creating a 'zero-problem' situation with the neighboring Caucasian states. Yet, this strategy has not achieved its goal, mainly due to the ongoing debates, not only between Moscow and Washington, but also between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the Caucasian Regional Security Complexity. This work tries to read all these developments by applying insights from the neoclassical realist standing and argues that there are two main hindrances to the plan's success: the dynamics of the current global system and the security complexity of the Caucasus region.

A panoramic outlook on the present global system shows that the US has been failing to preserve its global preponderance against the rise of new contenders from Asia. Turkey's new foreign policy demeanor under the AKP government reflects this shift of global power from the West to the East leaning on both of these two poles (especially Russia and the US) thereby aims at creating a 'zero-problem' situation with the neighboring Caucasian states. Yet this strategy has not achieved its goal mainly due to the ongoing debates not only between Moscow and Washington but also between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the Caucasian Regional Security Complexity. This work tries to read all these developments by applying insights from the neoclassical realist standing and argues that there are two main hindrances to the plan's success: the dynamics of the current global system and the security complexity of the Caucasus region.

Implementing sustainable development policies in order to achieve economic and social development while maintaining adequate environmental protection to minimize the damage inflicted by the constantly increasing world population must be a major priority in the 21st century. While the emerging global debate on potential cost-effective responses has produced potential solutions such as cap and trade systems and/or carbon taxes as part of evolving sustainable energy/environmental policies this kind of intellectual inquiry does not seem to be an issue among Turkish policy-making elites. This is mainly due to their miscalculation that pursuing sustainable energy policies is much more expensive in comparison to the utilization of fossil fuels such as natural gas. Nevertheless the pegged prices of an energy sector dominated by natural gas are illusive as both the political risks and environmental damage have not been incorporated into the current cost calculations. This paper evaluates energy policies through a lens of risk management and takes an alternative approach to calculating energy costs by factoring in political risks. This formulation reveals that the cost of traditional fossil-based energy is in fact more expensive than renewable energy. In addition to being environmentally friendly the paradigm shift towards renewable energy policies would provide Turkey with a significant opportunity to stimulate its economy by being one of the first countries to develop green technologies and as a result this burgeoning sector would prompt job creation as well ; mainly due to the externalities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studies on securitization dynamics in a growing number of sectors have been conducted, including securitization of climate change. However, a relatively understudied agent of securitization is media. In the proposed analysis, we study Turkey's media framing of climate change and whether and how it relates to the framings of security in general to acquire in-depth understanding of the role national media plays in securitization of climate change. Along with alternative online media outlet Bianet, mainstream outlets ( Sabah, Sözcü, Hürriyet, Milliyet) are analyzed. This article addresses the following main research question: How do the mainstream and alternative media frame climate change in the Turkish context? In order to answer this question, it adopts content analysis to analyze selected frames on climate change–related news utilized in Turkish media. Data have been collected and coded for three periods: first, the period of September–December 2007, when climate change was high on the global agenda. Second, January 1 to March 25, 2015, which was the period before the Pew survey began. Third, we have collected data for October 1 to November 4, 2015, which is the period just before the United Nations Paris Agreement on Climate Change was signed. We find alternative media's potential to serve as "alternative public sphere" by voicing the unspoken in public debate on climate change.

Sustainable development recently topped the universal agenda again when the United Nations adopted its Sustainable Development Goals on 25 September 2015. Yet, since the 1990s, the concept has prompted different actors to reformulate their relations with the environment in line with different narratives on the concept. This inherent contradiction becomes all the more salient during sustainable development debates on nuclear, which has often been dominated by the expert-oriented politics prioritizing carbon-free economic growth by "post-politicizing" the issue at stake. In this light, the main objective of this paper is to contribute to nuclear related literature stressing on broader conceptions of sustainability by going beyond those techno-economic discussions. Hinging on the multi-faceted nature of Turkey's nuclear energy debate, this paper argues that multitude of state and non-state discourse coalitions (i.e. nuclear advocacy, nuclear opposition and ambivalent) has constructed sustainability of nuclear differently through their narratives. To substantiate its argument, through a narrative analysis, this paper examines competing narratives over nuclear energy's economic, environmental and societal impacts in Turkey. The findings have challenged pro-nuclear techno-economic discourse coalition's attempt to "post-politicize" Turkish nuclear debate by revealing complex and multi-faceted nature of the debate.

This article aims to determine the stances of media outlets during crises in a polarized media system such as Turkey. Adopting a content analysis methodology, this article analyses the framing strategies of three national newspapers affiliated with certain sociopolitical camps (namely, the pro-government Sabah, the anti-government Kemalist Sözcü and the pro-Gülen Zaman) to observe possible similarities/differences during the critical 17 December corruption probe. The findings not only confirm earlier studies on 'press-party' parallelism but also reveal 'press-sociopolitical camp parallelism' in Turkey's polarized media system.

Introduction : debating security, changes and challenges for Turkey in the twenty-first century / Ebru Canan-Sokullu --. - Approaches to "security" and "challenges" in the twenty-first century --. - "Security" and "challenges" in the twenty-first century : a theoretical outlook / Craig Snyder --. - Insulator, bridge, regional center : Turkey and regional security complexes / Thomas Diez --. - Continuities and changes in Turkish foreign and security policy in the twenty-first century and the EU / Selcen Öner --. - Turkey and internal security challenges in the twenty-first century --. - Beyond military tutelage : civil-military relations and the AKP government / Asmet Akça and Evren Balta-Paker --. - Islamization : a challenge to Turkey's secular democracy? / Selin Özouz-Bolgi --. - Turkey and external security challenges in the twenty-first century --. - Turkey's new Cyprus policy : transforming a military base to a basin of cooperation / Ahmet Sözen --. - Turkey's changing relations with the Middle East : new challenges and opportunities in the 2000s / Özlem Tür --. - Switching sides or novel force? : Turkey's relations with Israel and the Palestinians / Nathalie Tocci --. - The Iraqi conundrum : a source of insecurity for Turkey / Armaan Gözkaman --. - Turkish-Russian rapprochement and the security dialogue in the Black Sea-South Caucasus Region / Burcu Gültekin Punsmann --. - Energy security and turkey in europe's neighborhood / Özgür Ünal Eri --. - The Euro-Atlantic partnership in the twenty-first century --. - Security challenges of Turkish-American relations in the post-Bush era / Emre Eeri --. - Turkey as a stakeholder and contributor to regional security in the western Balkans / Adam Balcer --. - Turkey and Greece : what future for rapprochement? / James Ker-Lindsay --. - Turkey's approach to environmental security : a case for soft security / Rana Azci --. - Turkish political elite perceptions on security / Özgehan Eenyuva and Çidem Üstün --. - Conclusion: what future for security? / Ebru Canan-Sokullu --