Suchergebnisse

Artykuł odnosi się do implementacji polityki ochrony środowiska w Chinach w kontekście polityki publicznej. Założono, iż celem badań nad implementacją polityki ekologicznej Chin jest rozpoznanie i zrozumienie mechanizmów rządzących tą polityką publiczną. Jest to istotne, ponieważ chińskiej polityce ekologicznej formułowanej na poziomie centralnym, zarzuca się deficyt implementacji na poziomie lokalnym. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja kluczowych problemów (mechanizmów) implementacji polityki ekologicznej ChRL w świetle światowych doświadczeń. W artykule podejmuje się weryfikację hipotezy, iż implementacja polityki ochrony środowiska naturalnego w Chinach jest wypadkową wielu czynników, za kluczowy z nich uznaje się dominujący model zarządzania publicznego w kraju. Zidentyfikowano, iż mamy do czynienia z nakazowym modelem implementacji działań pro środowiskowych. Zidentyfikowano główne mechanizmy oraz podmioty odpowiedzialne za występowanie tzw. luki implementacyjnej.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the concept of good governance in the context of the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The analysis of the application of "good governance" in the implementation of the EU individual policies shows that it is an issue to which an important role from the point of view of grouping as a whole is assigned. As the crisis in the EU deepens, it becomes increasingly important. Meanwhile, the analysis of the state of "good governance" implementation in the aspect proposed by the EU indicates that the appropriate role was assigned to "good governance" at the level of strategic documents. The situation is different when it comes to the relation between "good governance" concept and its implementation in practice. It concerns not only the EU as a whole but also the individual countries such as Poland. Here, progress is mainly dependent on whether the implementation of a particular policy which is characterised by the relevant priorities and principles brings tangible benefits for national interests.

The assessment of the implementation of the environmental policy in China is usually made in the context of the application of environmental law. The author proposes a different approach, assuming that the policy outcomes depend not only on such or other prerogatives at individual levels of management but on the mutual interaction of individual actors. The article indicates to what extent the central authority is able to define policy goals along with an adequate system of supervision of implementation, what is the perception of local authorities, and in what conditions local authorities are willing to accept the objectives of the ecological policy. It has been identified in which conditions sub-national authorities may distort centrally planned activities related to environmental protection. ; Ocena wdrażania polityki ekologicznej w Chinach dokonywana jest zazwyczaj w kontekście implementacji prawa ochrony środowiska. Autor proponuje odmienne podejście, zakładając, że efekty polityki uzależnione są nie tylko od takich czy innych prerogatyw na poszczególnych poziomach zarządzania, ale także od wzajemnej interakcji poszczególnych aktorów. Artykuł wskazuje, w jakim stopniu władza centralna jest w stanie definiować cele polityki, wraz z adekwatnym systemem nadzoru wdrażania, jaka jest percepcja władz lokalnych, w jakich warunkach władze lokalne są skłonne do akceptacji celów polityki ekologicznej. Zidentyfikowano, w jakich warunkach władze subnarodowe mogą zniekształcać centralnie zaplanowane działania związane z ochroną środowiska.

The assessment of the implementation of the environmental policy in China is usually made in the context of the application of environmental law. The author proposes a different approach, assuming that the policy outcomes depend not only on such or other prerogatives at individual levels of management but on the mutual interaction of individual actors. The article indicates to what extent the central authority is able to define policy goals along with an adequate system of supervision of implementation, what is the perception of local authorities, and in what conditions local authorities are willing to accept the objectives of the ecological policy. It has been identified in which conditions sub-national authorities may distort centrally planned activities related to environmental protection.

Market Mechanisms and State Intervention in Diversifying the Regional Development of the People's Republic of China
The article focuses on the importance of market mechanisms and state intervention in the field of regional development policy, in particular on the dominant process of development differentiation. The aim of the article is to verify to what extent market mechanisms are the driving force in China's regional development policy, and to what extent state intervention is the driving force. It is also important because of the fact that regional policy is an amalgam of the public intervention and presence of market forces, regardless of the country's political regime. The article identifies the elements that determine the differentiation of regional development due to the operation of market mechanisms and state intervention in China's regional policy.

Currently, much is said about the directions of development of modern China. However, we still do not know what will determine the expected superpower position of the Middle Kingdom. The book is an attempt to answer questions about China's main development dilemmas from a regional perspective. China aspires to become the country with the largest economy and development potential. This intention may turn out to be in vain if such significant disparities and development imbalances in the regional system are still present in China. This is accompanied by political centralization and economic decentralization. From the perspective of regional development policy, this process is very complex and results from many determinants. The key to understanding the transformation of contemporary China is to recognize the internal determinants of the functioning of both the state and the economy from a regional perspective. A better understanding of the ways of managing regional development disparities may contribute to a more accurate assessment of the dynamics and directions of China's socio-economic development