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The paper analyses Art. 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its implications for the position of persons with mental disabilities. The new concept of legal capacity contained in Art. 12 should ensure that fundamental human rights of these persons are no longer "a dead letter on paper". However, once the Convention came into force, the implementation of this provision has proved to be problematic for States Parties. Diane Kingston, former Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, best expressed the scale of the problem in October 2015 when she emphasized that no country had until that point fully met the requirements contained in Art. 12. Given that the Convention is a document that prescribes the fundamental human rights, the statement that no national legislation is consistent with its key provision is confusing and worrying. Therefore, a special attention should be paid to Art. 12 and its implementation in practice ; U radu se analizira odredba čl. 12. Konvencije o pravima osoba s invaliditetom te njezin utje- caj na položaj osoba s duševnim smetnjama. Nova koncepcija poslovne sposobnosti sadržana u čl. 12. trebala bi osigurati da temeljna ljudska prava osoba s duševnim smetnjama više ne budu mrtvo slovo na papiru. No, nakon što je Konvencija stupila na snagu, implementacija ove odredbe pokazala se problematičnom za države stranke. O razmjerima problema najbolje govori izjava Diane Kingston, bivše potpredsjednice Odbora za prava osoba s invaliditetom, iz listopada 2015., kako dotad nijedna zemlja nije u potpunosti udovoljila zahtjevima sadržani- ma u čl. 12. S obzirom na to da je Konvencija dokument koji propisuje temeljna ljudska prava, izjava kako nijedno nacionalno zakonodavstvo nije usklađeno s njegovom ključnom odredbom zbunjujuća je i zabrinjavajuća te zahtijeva da se odredbi čl. 12. posveti posebna pozornost.

The paper analyses Art. 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its implications for the position of persons with mental disabilities. The new concept of legal capacity contained in Art. 12 should ensure that fundamental human rights of these persons are no longer "a dead letter on paper". However, once the Convention came into force, the implementation of this provision has proved to be problematic for States Parties. Diane Kingston, former Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, best expressed the scale of the problem in October 2015 when she emphasized that no country had until that point fully met the requirements contained in Art. 12. Given that the Convention is a document that prescribes the fundamental human rights, the statement that no national legislation is consistent with its key provision is confusing and worrying. Therefore, a special attention should be paid to Art. 12 and its implementation in practice ; U radu se analizira odredba čl. 12. Konvencije o pravima osoba s invaliditetom te njezin utje- caj na položaj osoba s duševnim smetnjama. Nova koncepcija poslovne sposobnosti sadržana u čl. 12. trebala bi osigurati da temeljna ljudska prava osoba s duševnim smetnjama više ne budu mrtvo slovo na papiru. No, nakon što je Konvencija stupila na snagu, implementacija ove odredbe pokazala se problematičnom za države stranke. O razmjerima problema najbolje govori izjava Diane Kingston, bivše potpredsjednice Odbora za prava osoba s invaliditetom, iz listopada 2015., kako dotad nijedna zemlja nije u potpunosti udovoljila zahtjevima sadržani- ma u čl. 12. S obzirom na to da je Konvencija dokument koji propisuje temeljna ljudska prava, izjava kako nijedno nacionalno zakonodavstvo nije usklađeno s njegovom ključnom odredbom zbunjujuća je i zabrinjavajuća te zahtijeva da se odredbi čl. 12. posveti posebna pozornost.

The paper analyses Art. 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its implications for the position of persons with mental disabilities. The new concept of legal capacity contained in Art. 12 should ensure that fundamental human rights of these persons are no longer "a dead letter on paper". However, once the Convention came into force, the implementation of this provision has proved to be problematic for States Parties. Diane Kingston, former Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, best expressed the scale of the problem in October 2015 when she emphasized that no country had until that point fully met the requirements contained in Art. 12. Given that the Convention is a document that prescribes the fundamental human rights, the statement that no national legislation is consistent with its key provision is confusing and worrying. Therefore, a special attention should be paid to Art. 12 and its implementation in practice. ; U radu se analizira odredba čl. 12. Konvencije o pravima osoba s invaliditetom te njezin utjecaj na položaj osoba s duševnim smetnjama. Nova koncepcija poslovne sposobnosti sadržana u čl. 12. trebala bi osigurati da temeljna ljudska prava osoba s duševnim smetnjama više ne budu mrtvo slovo na papiru. No, nakon što je Konvencija stupila na snagu, implementacija ove odredbe pokazala se problematičnom za države stranke. O razmjerima problema najbolje govori izjava Diane Kingston, bivše potpredsjednice Odbora za prava osoba s invaliditetom, iz listopada 2015., kako dotad nijedna zemlja nije u potpunosti udovoljila zahtjevima sadržanima u čl. 12. S obzirom na to da je Konvencija dokument koji propisuje temeljna ljudska prava, izjava kako nijedno nacionalno zakonodavstvo nije usklađeno s njegovom ključnom odredbom zbunjujuća je i zabrinjavajuća te zahtijeva da se odredbi čl. 12. posveti posebna pozornost.

The paper is divided into two parts to facilitate a clearer understanding of different aspects of the violent death of previously abused female victims. The first part offers a brief overview of the most recent phenomenological conclusions on violence ending in death and explains the need to focus on gender differences in homicide victimisation. A bulk of research has confirmed that most women are more vulnerable to homicide within home and that the lethal outcome is an escalation of previously experienced abuse. In order to contribute to a more in-depth study of female intimate homicides, the authors focus on a variety of definitions and draw a clear line between the term femicide and the aggravated murder of a closely related person. In the second part of the paper, the authors have analysed the case-law of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia in which the perpetrators were found guilty of the criminal offence of aggravated murder of a closely related person (Art. 111, Para. 3 of the Criminal Code) in the period from 1 January 2013 to 1 June 2020. The research primarily focused on the circumstance of previous abuse, especially on the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator, the duration and frequency of abuse, and the reaction of the environment and competent authorities in cases where they knew about the abuse or when it was reported.

The paper is divided into two parts to facilitate a clearer understanding of all aspects of the change in the position of people with psychosocial disabilities, regarding the right to liberty and security, through the historical development of national and international legal frameworks. The first part briefly presents an overview of national legislation on the protection of persons with psychosocial disabilities and the circumstances in which states adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities earlier this century. The second part of the paper underscores the challenges the States Parties face in the implementation of Article 14 of the Convention. The State Parties' reports show that the processes of changing the perceptions of persons with psychosocial disabilities, when it comes to their involuntary detention, have been changing quite slowly and partially and that the realisation of their human rights is one of the Convention's greatest challenges.

The first international document to be adopted in the field of human rights protection in the 21st century was the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. It imposes on its parties the obligation to create conditions that will enable persons with psychosocial disabilities to finally exercise their rights, will, and preferences on an equal basis with other members of society. The paper is divided into two parts: the first presents the new concept of legal capacity prescribed in Art. 12, in which the role of the state is seen through the commitments to implement faster and more efficient paradigm shifts in the approach to protecting the rights of these persons and the shift from substitute to supported decision-making. The second part deals with the interpretation and application of Art. 12 in the States Parties. Special attention will be paid to the challenges faced by states and how successfully they meet their obligations under the Convention through the elaboration of individual states' reports on the implementation of Art. 12 and the views and recommendations of the Committee for the protection of persons with disabilities. ; Prvi međunarodni dokument koji je na polju zaštite ljudskih prava usvojen u 21. stoljeću bila je Konvencija o pravima osoba s invaliditetom. Ona svojim strankama nalaže obvezu stvaranja uvjeta koji će omogućiti da osobe s duševnim smetnjama konačno ostvare svoja prava, volju i sklonosti na ravnopravnoj osnovi s ostalim članovima društva. Rad je podijeljen u dva dijela: u prvom dijelu izlaže se novi koncept poslovne sposobnosti propisan u čl. 12. Konvencije u kojem se uloga države sagledava kroz preuzete obveze realizacije brže i učinkovitije promjene paradigme u pristupu zaštiti prava ovih osoba te pomaka od zamjenskog ka potpomognutom odlučivanju. Drugi dio rada bavi se tumačenjem i primjenom čl. 12 u državama strankama. S kojim se izazovima države pritom susreću i koliko uspješno udovoljavaju obvezama iz Konvencije, u radu se analizira kroz razradu izvješća pojedinih država o implementaciji čl. 12. te stavova i preporuka Odbora za zaštitu osoba s invaliditetom. ; Das erste völkerrechtliche Instrument im Bereich des Menschenrechtsschutzes das im 21. Jahrhundert verabschiedet wurde ist die Behindertenrechtskonvention. Die Konvention verpflichtet ihre Parteien jene Umstände zu schaffen, welche Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung ihre Rechte, Willen und Neigungen geltend zu machen ermöglichen, und zwar auf gleicher Grundlage wie allen anderen Gesellschaftsmitgliedern. Dieser Beitrag ist in zwei Teile gegliedert: im ersten wird der neue Begriff der Geschäftsfähigkeit nach Maßgabe Art. 12 der Konvention aufgezeigt, in welchem die Rolle des Staates aus der Perspektive der übernommenen Pflichten der Realisierung einer schnellen und wirkungsvollen Änderung des Zugangs zum Schutz der Behindertenrechte, und des Voranschreitens von stellvertretender zur unterstützen Entscheidungsfindung. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit der Auslegung und Anwendung des Art. 12 in Konventionsstaaten. Ausgehend von den Berichten einzelner Staaten zur Implementierung des Art. 12 und Ansichten und Empfehlungen des Ausschusses für den Schutz von Behinderten wird auf die Herausforderungen, mit welchen sich die Staaten auseinandersetzen müssen, hingewiesen und darüber hinaus erläutert, mit welchem Erfolg die Staaten die Konventionsforderungen erfüllen. ; Il primo documento internazionale adottato nel campo della protezione dei diritti umani nel XXI secolo fu la Convenzione sui diritti delle persone con disabilità. Essa impone alle parti l'obbligo di creare le condizioni che finalmente permetteranno alle persone con disabilità psicosociali di esercitare i loro diritti, la loro volontà e le loro preferenze nel rispetto dell'uguaglianza di tutti i membri della società. Il lavoro è suddiviso in due parti: la prima presenta il nuovo concetto di capacità giuridica prescritta nell' art. 12, nel quale il ruolo dello stato è percepito tramite qli impegni intrapresi nell'implementazione per un cambiamento di paradigma più veloce e più efficace nell'aproccio della protezione dei diritti di queste persone e per uno spostamento dal processo decisionale sostitutivo a quello supportato. La seconda parte tratta l'interpretazione e l'applicazione dell'art. 12 negli Stati membri. Un'attenzione speciale sarà data alle sfide affrontate dagli stati e con quanto successo essi rispettino gli obblighi imposti ai sensi della Convenzione tramite l'elaborazione dei rapporti dei singoli stati nell'implementazione dell'art. 12 e le prospettive e le raccomandazioni della Commissione per la protezione delle persone con disabilità.

At the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century terrorism was recognized as one of the most dangerous phenomenon for international community, as well as for the national security of state(s). That period was marked by an expansion of legal norms aimed to the suppression of terroristic activities. It was shown as necessary to develop a system of domestic measures for fighting terrorism, which could be adequately used within the system of global and regional cooperation of states worldwide. The United Nations and regional organizations have become significant players in the global and regional effort to eradicate terrorism. Nevertheless, there is no internationally accepted definition of terrorism. In practise, the term is used to describe both violence perpetrated by a state, and violence perpetrated by individuals of non- state actors, during the time of armed conflict and the time of peace. It is understood as relating to politically motivated violence perpetrated to cause death or injury to civilian, with the aim of intimidating a wider audience. These (internationally described) elements are largely reflected in national laws. The legal framework against terrorism of the Republic of Croatia – the newest member of the European Union – includes relevant international and regional documents and provisions of national legislation. At national level Croatia uses wide-ranging legislation in order to cover different aspects of suppression of terrorism. Activities in the field of criminal law within the frame of Croatian Criminal Code are especially important. The Criminal Code sets out the offenses that criminalize various forms of terrorism. Besides the criminal offense of terrorism, financing of terrorism and terrorist association, in Croatian substantive criminal legislation the offenses of public provocation to terrorism, recruitment for terrorism and training for terrorism are also integrated. With the adoption of these criminal offenses the national criminal legislation was completely harmonized ...