Suchergebnisse

Since the beginning of the 1990s, there have been significant changes in fertility quantum and tempo in Czechia and Slovakia. We are also witnessing significant age pluralization of reproduction. These and other transformational changes can be observed not only in a cross-sectional view but also in a cohort perspective. The main goal of the article is to analyse the main changes in the fertility process in Czechia and Slovakia after 1989. We focus on changes in the intensity and timing of childbirth and the age distribution of fertility. We identify the development trajectories of the two countries and the similarities and differences between them brought about by the transformation period. By analysing the process of the postponement and recuperation of cohort fertility, we also try to point out the future development of completed cohort fertility and the parity structure of women born in the second half of the 1970s and 1980s.

The model of very low childlessness and the low prevalence of one‐child families was once important for Slovak society. The collapse of the Communist regime, however, led to many changes in reproductive behaviour. This article aims to analyse the development of cohort childlessness and the prevalence of one‐child families in Slovakia. Possible scenarios of childlessness and one‐child families are presented. The article tries to place the obtained results within a broader framework of social and gender inequalities, existing barriers to parenthood, and family policy settings in Slovakia. The results confirm that the onset of the postponement process, combined with limited recuperation, especially of second and further children among women born since the second half of the 1960s, has brought a quite substantial increase in the proportion of childless and "one‐child" women. The persistence of some social and gender differences and obstacles in reconciling work and family, which has only recently seen a response from family policy in Slovakia, was confirmed; however, the impact of these new tools on reproduction appears to be obscure.

The municipalities in Slovakia in which the majority of people live in Roma settlements are characterised by several specific features. However, only limited attention has been paid to the process of migration and especially internal migration. The main goal of this article is the analysis of internal migration in selected municipalities with the highest proportion (more than 80%) of people living in Roma settlements. We tried to identify both the total volume and intensity of internal migration from and to the analysed municipalities, along with the available structural characteristics of the persons who changed their permanent residence. The results we obtained confirmed lower migration dynamics in these municipalities. We also found that economic factors do not play a significant role in migration within Slovakia. The most important reasons for migration were housing, for younger people following a family member who migrated, and, in older age groups, health reasons, especially in the case of emigrants. Factors behind the younger age of migrants from and to these municipalities include the fact that these migrants tend to complete education and begin some family transitions (childbearing, marriage) earlier than the majority population. Higher chances of migration were confirmed for more educated persons and, except among younger people, for people who not married. The results also confirmed the relatively narrow geographical area in which migration occurs, with most moves taking place over a short distance.

The Population Census in Slovakia has a rich history. A total of 16 modern censuses have been carried out in the country, a figure that includes the last one in 2021. In addition to these well-known and long-term planned statistical events, however, some lesser-known and less analysed events in the scientific community have also been implemented in Slovakia. One of the most important ones was the post-war census from 1919. The aim of this article is to present the most important information about the reasons this census was conducted in Slovakia in 1919, the course and form of its implementation, and how data and how much data were disseminated. In the last part of the article, we will try to present some basic results from the Population Census in 1919 that were published.

The post-war situation in former Czechoslovakia was complicated. Suitable, reliable, and up-to-date data needed to address several urgent social problems were largely lacking. In 1946, more than 15 years had passed since the last population census 1930, and because of the major social changes and mass population transfers that had occurred in that time, it was not possible to make important decisions based on the previous census. Since for various reasons it was not possible to carry out a new population census in the first months and years after the Second World War, the decision was made to prepare an alternative solution in the form of two independent post-war population counts/enumerations with different content and conducted at different times. In this article, we focus on the first of these two population counts, which was conducted on the territory of Slovakia in 1946. This article primarily sets out to identify the main purpose of the post-war population count/enumeration in Slovakia in 1946, the method used to implement it, the content of the data it produced, and their processing and publication.

We analyse Roma fertility in four neighbouring countries in Central and Eastern Europe with a large Roma minority: in Hungary, Slovakia, Romania and Serbia. The sources of data are the respective national population censuses from 2011. Fertility is measured at the birth cohort level as the average number of children ever born. We make an international comparison of the fertility of Roma and non-Roma majority population women on the basis of completed education. In the case of Hungary, we also explore how the correlation between fertility and ethnic identity is modified when completed education and ethnic residential segregation are controlled. The fertility of Roma women is far above the majority population average in all birth cohorts and in each country. Educational attainment modifies this relationship. The fertility of highly educated Roma and majority population women is converging. The exposure to majority behaviour also has an effect. The lower the level of ethnic residential segregation, the smaller the difference between the fertility of Roma and majority population women. Completed education and residential segregation may exert different forces at the two ends of the educational hierarchy when their joint effect is explored. At the upper end of the social hierarchy, neither segregation nor ethnicity matters; at the lower end, however, both exposure to ethnic majority behaviour and ethnicity matter.