Suchergebnisse

The aim of this article is to show through the comparative analysis, the basic characteristics of regional policy, or the policy of support to the development of less developed areas in our country compared to the regional policy of European Union, with an accent on the instruments for implementation of that policy. Without putting accent on different starting positions for those two development policies, what is for sure the main reason of differences in realized results, the experiences of European Union can be in any case useful and instructive for Serbia as a country with a task of rationalization and establishment of an effective regional policy being a necessity in the forthcoming period. ; Cilj ovog rada je da, kroz komparativnu analizu, ukaže na osnovne karakteristike regionalne politike, odnosno, uslovno rečeno, politike podsticanja bržeg razvoja nedovoljno razvijenih područja naše zemlje u odnosu na regionalnu politiku Evropske Unije, uz naglasak na instrumentima njihovog sprovođenja. Bez obzira na različite startne pozicije u kojima su ove dve razvojne politike zaživele, što je i osnovni uzrok razlika u ostvarenim rezultatima, iskustva Evropske Unije svakako mogu biti korisna i instruktivna za Srbiju kao državu za koju afirmacija regionalnog nivoa predstavlja neminovnost i ozbiljan zadatak u periodu koji sledi.

The paper contains an analysis and assessment of the planning system of three countries, Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Serbia, located in the area of Southeastern Europe and the Western Balkans. Comparative analysis of development of the planning system includes several aspects - the level of the presence of the strategic and legal approach to the planning documents, adhering to the principle of sustainable development with a developed system of the preservation of environment, the types of plans and planning competence at different territorial levels with an assessment of achieved decentralization and democratization, connection between the private and the public sector, land management. The issue of vertical and horizontal coordination, including territorial cooperation, the existence of monitoring and implementation of plans, the coherence of planned objectives and developments in the area, the degree of representation of theoretical methodology in planning documents, the classification of three countries into one of the four European planning systems, as well as other numerous problems and challenges for the future in planning and in the space of the three states are contained in this paper.

The paper contains an analysis and assessment of the planning system of three countries, Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Serbia, located in the area of Southeastern Europe and the Western Balkans. Comparative analysis of development of the planning system includes several aspects - the level of the presence of the strategic and legal approach to the planning documents, adhering to the principle of sustainable development with a developed system of the preservation of environment, the types of plans and planning competence at different territorial levels with an assessment of achieved decentralization and democratization, connection between the private and the public sector, land management. The issue of vertical and horizontal coordination, including territorial cooperation, the existence of monitoring and implementation of plans, the coherence of planned objectives and developments in the area, the degree of representation of theoretical methodology in planning documents, the classification of three countries into one of the four European planning systems, as well as other numerous problems and challenges for the future in planning and in the space of the three states are contained in this paper.

This paper deals with the significant European aims of the process of intra-continental integration, as well as the role of the urban centers in its transregional cooperation. Although the process of transborder cooperation of towns exists also in other parts of the world, the roots of that complex form of cooperation appeared rather early in Western Europe. The area of Central Europe, especially the politically unstable southeastern part of the continent, are considerably late in this process. Serbia, especially its western and southern parts, is even more late in transborder regional cooperation of towns. The paper emphasizes that towns of Serbia, as development carriers with their intellectual potentials, have to express the ideas on starting the international actions. The possibilities are extensive: activation of neglected cooperation relations, improvement of technological and economical development, modernization of infrastructural systems, cooperation in culture, education, sports and recreation, environmental protection, etc. Towns need to find the ways for all kinds of cooperation with surrounding towns, if such cooperation gives the results which are favourable for both parties. Isolation from the world courses would lead to long-term stagnation. ; Rad obuhvata značajne evropske ciljeve procesa unutarkontinentalne integracije, kao i ulogu gradskih centara u transregionalnoj saradnji. Iako se proces transgranične saradnje gradova nalazi i u drugim delovima sveta, koreni tog složenog oblika saradnje na području Zapadne Evrope javljaju se veoma rano. Područje Centralne Evrope, a naročito politički nestabilni jugoistočni deo kontinenta, znatno kasne u ovom procesu, pa evropske integracije gradova su rezultat inicijativa EU koje izrazitije podržavaju njihovo formiranje. Srbija, posebno u svojim zapadnim i južnim delovima, još više kasni kad je u pitanju uključivanje u transgranični oblik regionalne saradnje gradova. Rad ističe da gradovi Srbije, kao nosioci razvoja sa svojim intelektualnim potencijalima, moraju da izraze ideje u vezi sa pokretanjem međunarodnih tokova. Te mogućnosti obuhvataju aktiviranje zapostavljenih i formiranje novih veza saradnje, unapređivanje tehnološkog i ekonomskog razvoja, modernizaciju infrastrukturnih sistema, saradnju na polju kulture, obrazovanja, sporta i rekreacije, zaštite životne sredine i dr. Gradovi treba da iznađu puteve za saradnju svake vrste sa gradovima u okruženju, ako takva saradnja daje obostrane pozitivne rezultate. U suprotnom, izolovanost od svetskih tokova će značiti stagnaciju na duže vreme.

This paper contains the aspects of spatial cooperation between the two neighboring countries - Serbia and Bulgaria. The projects of cooperation in the 1990s have been specified, as well as those taking part in the final phase of European international cooperation in the period 2007-2013. In the last period two spatial integration aspects stand out - cross-border and transnational cooperation, as well as cooperation based on Euro-regions - border associations of neighboring countries that have defined the development projects of mutual interest. Possibilities for future cooperation will largely depend on external factors initiated by the European Union, and initiatives of local actors from the border areas of both countries.

This paper contains the aspects of spatial cooperation between the two neighboring countries - Serbia and Bulgaria. The projects of cooperation in the 1990s have been specified, as well as those taking part in the final phase of European international cooperation in the period 2007-2013. In the last period two spatial integration aspects stand out - cross-border and transnational cooperation, as well as cooperation based on Euro-regions - border associations of neighboring countries that have defined the development projects of mutual interest. Possibilities for future cooperation will largely depend on external factors initiated by the European Union, and initiatives of local actors from the border areas of both countries. ; Rad sadrži vidove prostorne saradnje dve susedne zemlje - Srbije i Bugarske. Navedeni su projekti saradnje od 1990-ih godina, kao i oni koji se odvijaju u poslednjoj fazi međunarodne evropske saradnje, u periodu 2007-2013. godina. U poslednjem periodu izdvajaju se dva vida prostornih integracija - transnacionalna i prekogranična saradnja, kao i saradnja koja se bazira na evro- regionima - pograničnim asocijacijama susednih država koje su definisale razvojne projekte od obostranog interesa. Mogućnosti buduće saradnje u velikoj meri će zavisiti od spoljnih faktora koje inicira Evropska unija, ali i od inicijative lokalnih aktera pograničnih područja obe države.

The paper covers presentation of ways of international cooperation of Danube region on the territory of Republic of Serbia and its spatial integration levels of the immediate and wider environment (cross-border or trans-border aspect of cooperation, transnational cooperation and interregional cooperation). Danube region is space with the most active current integration processes, which take place under the initiative of the European Union and the definition of European instruments supporting cooperation of states along the Danube River flow, as well as more specific territorial entities that are directly related to the river. In addition to European strategies and programs, the cooperation includes cross-border cooperation activities of Serbia based on resolving socio-economic problems, issues related to infrastructure, environmental protection and other areas of cooperation that include spaces Euroregional Association. The grounds for the implementation of planned measures for further Danube region development also include functional connections on regional and local level within the territory of the Republic of Serbia. ; Rad obuhvata prikaz vidova mađunarodne saradnje prostora Podunavlja na području Srbije i nivoe njegove prostorne integracije u neposredno i šire okruženje (prekogranični ili transgranični vid saradnje, transnacionalna saradnja i interregionalna saradnja). Podunavlje predstavlja prostor sa dosadašnjim najaktivnijim procesima integracije, koja se odvija pod inicijativom Evropske unije definisanjem evropskih instrumenata i programa koji podržavaju saradnju država kroz koje prolazi reka Dunav, kao i užih teritorijalnih celina koje su neposredno vezane za tu reku. Osim evropskih strategija i programa, saradnja obuhvata prekogranične aktivnosti Srbije koje se zasnivaju na rešavanju socio-ekonomskih problema, pitanja vezanih za infrastrukturu, zaštitu životne sredine i druge oblasti saradnje koje uključuju i prostore evroregionalnih asocijacija. Osnovu za realizaciju planskih mera daljeg razvoja Podunavlja predstavljaju i funkcionalne veze na regionalnom i lokalnom nivou unutar teritorije Republike Srbije.

The process of rural neglect leads to massive abandonment of rural areas throughout the Balkans. The paper provides an insight into the situation in the rural environment of Serbia. The aim of the study is to identity the reasons for rural abandonment in Serbia in order to define the optimal ways to overcome the current situation. An integrated questionnaire was designed for all respondents, and there were also several separate questionnaires. The results indicate the difficult situation in the rural area of Serbia and that the current trend of rural abandonment will continue.

The significance of the regional disproportions at the territory of Serbia, when it comes to demographic resources, imposes in front of the social community a task for public policy measures to be more efficient and more precisely addressed towards the local communities where the limit of their possible acting has not been perturbated yet. Thus, defining of coherent public policies requires good research of the demographic processes and problems on all levels and defining developmental solutions in accordance with them. Dimensioning of demographic potentials is one of the challenges and priorities of spatial planning as well, as a controlling instrument that has been gaining significance in modern conditions. Foreign experience in this field, i.e. the system of spatial planning in European countries, with the special attention paid to the ways of solving problems connected to demographic processes and appearances, is undoubtedly instructive for the domestic practice and the establishment of public policies on state and lower regional levels. Given the fact that the inequality in development is caused, above all, by the expressive metroplization and polarization of the Serbian territory, in modern conditions it is considered that the application of the polycentric development model could help avoiding further excessive economic and demographic concentration. It includes economic competitiveness and social equality (sustainable development) as pre-requisites for the diminishing of local disparities to the acceptable minimum. In that sense, it is considered that a group of middle sized towns represents a pivot in establishing homogeneous national urban system which would lead to the increase in the degree of settlement network consistency. It is necessary that the endeavour to decentralize Serbia be elaborated with concrete measures and instruments that would route further state development, meaning affirmation of the middle sized towns. ; Naglašenost regionalnih disproporcija u prostoru Srbije, kada su u pitanju demografski resursi, pred društvenu zajednicu postavlja zadatak da mere javnih politika budu što efikasnije i preciznije usmerene ka lokalnim zajednicama gde prag njihovog mogućeg delovanja još uvek nije narušen. Zato definisanje koherentnih javnih politika nužno zahteva dobru istraženost demografskih procesa i problema na svim nivoima i definisanje razvojnih rešenja u skladu s njima. Dimenzioniranje demografskih potencijala jedan je od izazova i prioriteta i prostornog planiranja, kao upravljačkog instrumenata koji u savremenim uslovima dobija na značaju. Inostrana iskustva iz ove oblasti, odnosno sistem prostornog planiranja u evropskim državama, s posebnim osvrtom na načine rešavanja problema vezanih za demografske procese i pojave, su neosporno instruktivni za domaću praksu iustanovljenje javnih politika na državnom i nižim regionalnim nivoima. S obzirom na to da je neravnomernostu razvoju uzrokovana, pre svega, izrazitom metropolizacijom i polarizacijom prostora Srbije, u savremenim uslovima smatra se da bi primena policentričnog modela razvoja pomogla da se izbegne dalja prekomerna ekonomska i demografska koncentracija, odnosno omogući ekonomska konkurentnost i socijalna jednakost (održivi razvoj), kao preduslovi za svođenje regionalnih dispariteta na prihvatljiv minimum. U tom smislu, smatra se da grupa gradova srednje veličine predstavlja stožer uspostavljanju homogenog nacionalnog urbanog sistema koji bi vodio povećanju stepena konzistentnosti naseljske mreže. Neophodno je da zalaganje za decentralizaciju Srbije bude razrađeno konkretnim merama i instrumentima koji će usmeravati dalji tokrazvoja države, a koji podrazumeva afirmaciju gradova srednje veličine.