Поняття «професійної культури» у сучасній науці ; The Concept of Professional Culture in the Modern Science
Стаття присвячена аналізу й визначенню основних підходів до поняття «професійна культура» у сучасній науці. Проаналізовано основні наукові дослідження, пов'язані з даною темою. Розглянуто структуру професійної культури та її особливостей залежно від обраної професії. Визначено критерії формування й рівні сформованості професійної культури в майбутніх фахівців. У статті вказано на особливе місце професійної культури у структурі загальної культури особистості та суспільства в цілому. ; The article is devoted to the place of a professional culture in the modern science. The aim of the article is to analyze and to find main approaches to the term "professional culture" in a scientific world; to determine the constituents of a future professional's culture. The phenomenon of professional culture was analyzed by many leading specialists in the sphere of sociology, economic sociology and sociology of culture (N. B. Krilova, N. P. Lukashewich, D. Markevich, G. M. Socolova). In the structure of professional culture it is possible to select a culture ethics, economic, political, legal, informative, which naturally with the different degree of perfection fill maintenance of professional culture of the representatives of different professions. But for the representative of a certain profession each of the adopted components may play a decision role, or have a second-rate value. Under the criteria of forming of the professional culture of a specialist substantial signs which testify to achievement of that or other level of formation of professional culture of a specialist are considered. A level is a degree of formation of a professional culture, a certain result of development; criteria are measuring devices of levels. Between them dynamic connection is certain, if to expose it, it is possible to produce the most optimum system of criteria. Professional moral is the phenomenon that specifies common to all mankind moral values (norms, principles, concepts) in concrete professions. The features of professional moral are studied by professional ethics. When it is talked about professional ethics, we mean such moral duties, in which attitude of a representative of a certain profession is reflected toward the object, to the colleagues in a profession, to the partners, to society on the whole. Professional activity must be directed at the achievement of two aims: individual and public ones, which are in co-operation. It develops the business, and it assists development of the society. For the labor the person must get a good pay, be held in respect, and feel that people value his professional talent. Then a man will feel satisfied with life. And, on the opposite, dissatisfaction can result in subzero lines of the professional activity. Understanding it, many companies, firms, organizations take measures in relation to creation in the collectives of such moral psychological climate, which would be instrumental in professional growth of the workers, establishment of confiding relations, in intercourse between colleagues, attention to the official etiquette of the workers.