Suchergebnisse

Проводится анализ эволюции и современного состояния структуры банковской системы Украины. Исследуются истоки национальной банковской системы, приводится авторский вариант периодизации её развития с выделением наиболее значимых событий, а также даётся их краткая оценка. Сделан вывод о том, что национальная банковская система Украины прошла 7 основных этапов развития, первый из которых приходится на советский период. На каждом этапе в банковской системе происходили качественные и количественные трансформации, которые в итоге привели к формированию устойчивого ядра системообразующих банков, способных противостоять циклическим колебаниям и сконцентрировавших большую часть активов и обязательств. ; The article analyzes the evolution and current state of the structure of Ukraine's banking system. It is shown that in a short period of time (20 years), the national banking system has gone through seven main stages, turning from a mass of banks formed spontaneously to an orderly and regulated link in the economic system. At each stage, the banking system of Ukraine experienced serious quantitative and qualitative transformations that ultimately helped to create a strong core of banks able to withstand cyclical fluctuations and which concentrate a large part of the assets and liabilities. In the first 4 phases (1987-2000), there occurred the formation of the foundations for the banking system in order to implement the necessary reforms, and the key legislation was adopted that allowed at the beginning of the XXI century to form the main vectors of development for the future. In the 2001-2008, there was actually the peak of the Ukrainian banking sector, which is characterized by a significant expansion of the range of banking services and branch network, a substantial increase in capital and assets of banks, high positive dynamics of changes in key indicators of their activities, large-scale presence of foreign participants, the emergence of large private important banks, and so on. The crisis of 2008-2009 has led to significant changes in the banking system, which is reflected in its slower development, the fall of the key indicators, the reduction of the branch network of banks and the nationalization of some of them. At the present stage,the Ukrainian banking system is still feeling the effects of the crisis, and in fact it is still at the stage of post-crisis recovery.

Обобщены теоретические подходы отечественных и зарубежных исследователей к определению специфики национального банка развития. Это позволило выделить общие черты их функционирования, а также выявить современные тренды в исследованиях по данной проблеме. ; The theoretical approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to the definition of the of national development bank specifics are summarized. It is possible to identify general features of their functioning and to identify current trends in research on this issue.In accordance with the Monterrey Consensus, many countries have recognized the need to strengthen and develop the domestic financial sector by encouraging the orderly development of capital markets through the banking systems and other institutional arrangements aimed at addressing development financing needs. In this case, development banks, commercial and other financial institutions can be an effective instrument to facilitate access to finance for businesses. Classical role of development banks is to fill the gaps in the national financial system in terms of the ability to provide long-term lending in underdeveloped and developing countries. They are aimed at solving the problems of inefficiency of the financial market, where private capital is not able to assume the risks associated with lending obviously an unreliable borrower. It is concluded that, national development banks are financial institutions located in the full or partial government subordinate to the main purpose of which is (a) loans accumulation and allocation of financial resources (under special conditions) allocated for the implementation of large-scale mediumand long-term projects technical and technological renewal of the real economy, and (b) the elimination of market failures in terms of under-funding of priority, socially and economically significant for the state industries.This definition is in tune with most of the analyzed definitions. However, it differs in content from almost each of them, as is focused on two major items: 1) regardless of the degree of state involvement in the development bank management its resources on special preferential terms should be directed to the implementation of perspective and important projects for the country; 2) the scope and direction of the development bank activity may change over time and will be determined based on the current state of the economy and the extent of under-funding of certain industries.