Suchergebnisse

Наведено науково-історичний нарис про відомих харківських фізиках, що входили до складу знаменитої «високовольт- ної бригади» Українського фізико-технічного інституту, що першими в СРСР розщепнули штучно прискореними в високовольтному генераторі з електророзрядною трубкою протонами на енергію до 350 кэВ ядро атома літію і що досягли в недалекому майбутньому своїх наукових академічних вершин і нових науково-технічних звершень в галузі ядерної фізики і фізики високих енергій. Бібл. 46, рис. 15. ; Purpose. Description of the basic distinguished scientific achievements of members of «high-voltage brigade» of the Ukrainian Physical-Technical Institute (UPhTI) and future Academicians in area of nuclear physics − Valter A.C., Sinelnikov C.D., Leypunskiy A.I. and Latyshev G.D. Methodology. Scientific approaches at treatment and systematization of physical knowledges. Historical method at research of development in Ukraine and Russia of nuclear physics and mastering of intranuclear energy for military and peaceful aims. Results. The basic creative and vital stages, and also prominent scientific results, obtained by the indicated scientists in the area of nuclear physics, physics of high energies and nuclear energy, are resulted in the compressed and systematized way. Some technical descriptions created by these Kharkov physicists of powerful high-voltage electrostatic and linear dynamitrons and protons, and also nuclear reactors fast-neutron are indicated. Originality. Firstly in the area of history of scientific-technological authoritative enough scientist-electro-physicist, which is engaged not alone ten of years by creation of powerful generators of very high voltage and large currents, and also presents a theoretical electrophysics a wide reader a scientifically-historical essay with not popular details about the first in the USSR breaking up the physicists of UPhTI of atomic kernel of lithium by artificially speed-up protons. Firstly the basic distinguished scientific achievements of the considered physicists-nuclear engineers are resulted in the concentrated way. Practical value. Scientific popularization of physical knowledges and achievements of the known compatriots, bringing in a big contribution to development of nuclear physics, physicists of high energies and nuclear energy. References 46, figures 15.

Приведен краткий научно-исторический очерк о выдающемся советском авиаконструкторе Андрее Николаевиче Туполеве, ставшем одним из основоположников мирового самолетостроения. Описаны основные научно-технические достижения А. Н. Туполева в области самолетостроения, приведшие советскую военную и гражданскую авиацию на невиданные мировые высоты. Показано, что А. Н. Туполев является основателем известной в мире авиационной научной школы, воспитавшей многих видных в бывшем СССР авиаконструкторов. Под руководством великого авиаконструктора 20-го столетия А. Н. Туполева в СССР было разработано свыше 100 типов самолетов военного и гражданского назначения, 70 из которых изготавливались авиационной промышленностью страны серийно. ; Preparation of a short scientifically-historical essay about one of founders of world airplane design, prominent Soviet aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information regarding becoming and development of Soviet and world aviation and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet-reports. A short scientifically-historical essay is presented about a prominent Soviet aircraft designer Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev, becoming in the 20th century one of founders of Soviet and world aviation. Basic scientific and technical achievements of A. N. Tupolev indicated in area of airplane design, bringing Soviet military and civil aviation around to extraordinary world heights. Basic tactical and technical descriptions are described regarding created under his scientific and technical guidance of such known types of civil airplanes as ANT-25, Tu-104, Tu-134, Tu-154 and Tu-114, and also military airplanes of type Tu-2, Tu-16 and Tu-95. Short information is resulted about flying descriptions of the modern Russian supersonic strategic bomber of type Tu-160, created in 1980-th in the design bureau name after A. N. Tupolev. It is marked that under guidance of A. N. Tupolev over 100 types of airplanes of the military and civil setting were developed in the former USSR, 70 from which are produced by aviation industry of country serially. It is indicated that Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Colonel-General-Engineer A. N. Tupolev was a founder known in the world of aviation scientific school, preparing many famous Russian aircraft designers. Information, touching handed him domestic and foreign governmental rewards and other authoritative signs of confession of prominent merits of great aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev world scientific and technical public is resulted in airplane design. Certain systematization is executed known from scientific publications and other scientific and technical materials media regarding becoming and development of Soviet and world aviation and considerable scientific and technical contribution to the military and civil airplane design of prominent Soviet aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev. Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher schools, engineering, technical and scientific workers of scientific and technical knowledge in the field of history of becoming and development of Soviet and world airplane design, extending their scientific and technical range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

Приведен краткий научно-исторический очерк о выдающемся украинском авиаконструкторе Олеге Константиновиче Антонове, ставшем одним из основоположников отечественного самолетостроения. Описаны основные научно-технические достижения О.К. Антонова в области самолетостроения, принесшие славу советской военной и гражданской авиации и нашему Отечеству. Показано, что авиаконструктор О.К. Антонов основал в г. Киеве известную в мире украинскую авиационную научную школу. Под руководством авиаконструктора О.К. Антонова в его ОКБ было разработано около 100 типов летательных аппаратов военного и гражданского назначения. ; Preparation of short scientifically-historical essay about one of founders of domestic aircraft design, prominent Ukrainian aircraft designer O.K. Antonov. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information, touching becoming and development of Soviet aviation and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet reports. Results.A short scientifically-historical essay is resulted about the prominent Ukrainian aircraft designer Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov, becoming one of founders of Soviet military cargo and civil aviation. Basic scientific and technical achievements of the glorified aircraft designer O.K. Antonov are indicated and team of headed them in the period of 1952-1984 of legen-dary Design Bureau 473 (Kyiv) in area of aircraft design, bringing a domestic aviation around to world heights.Basic tactical and technical descriptions are described created un-der his scientific and technical guidance of such types of pas-senger airplanes known in the world as An-2, An-10 and An-24, and also troop-carriers of type An-12, An-22 «Antaeus», An-26, An-30, An-32, An-72 and An-124 «Ruslan». Short in-formation is resulted about tactical and technical descriptions of the largest in the world of heavy distant turbo-jet military cargo airplane type An-225 «Mriya», created in 1980-th years in Design Bureau named after O.K. Antonov. It is marked that under scientific and technical guidance of aircraft designer O.K. Antonov in the former USSR about 100 types of aircrafts of the military and civil aircrafts were developed and created. It is pointed out that Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academi-cian of the Academy if Sciences the Ukrainian SSR and of the Academy of Sciences the USSR became a founder acknowl-edged in the world of Ukrainian aviation scientific school. Information, touching common to all mankind qualities of this great aircraft designer, is resulted, and also handed O.K. An-tonov for merits before Homeland of governmental rewards, bonuses and other insignia, underlining his prominent contri-bution to development of domestic aircraft construction. Originality. Certain systematization is executed known from scientific journals and other mass of scientific and technical materials media, touching becoming and development in the period of 20-21-th centuries of Soviet aviation and ponderable scientific and technical contribution to the military and civil aircraft design of the prominent Ukrainian aircraft designer O.K. Antonov. Practical value.Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher school, engineering, tech-nical and scientific workers of scientific and technical knowl-edge in area of history of becoming and development of Soviet aircraft design, extending their scientific and technical range of interests and further development of scientificand technical progress in society.

Приведен краткий научно-исторический очерк о выдающемся немецко-американском конструкторе ракетно-космической техники Вернере фон Брауне, ставшем одним из основоположников мирового ракетостроения. Описаны основные научно-технические достижения Вернера фон Брауна в области современного ракетостроения, перебравшегося по настойчивой инициативе американских спецслужб после разгрома Германии во Второй мировой войне в США (1945 г.) для продолжения работы в области ракетной техники, носящей военно-стратегический характер. Показано, что Вернер фон Браун является основателем космической программы США и руководителем разработок американских космических кораблей«Аполлон». Под его научно-техническим руководством в США были созданы мощные ракетоносители серии «Редстоун» и«Сатурн», благодаря которым на околоземную орбиту был запущен первый искусственный спутник США «Эксплорер-1» (1958 г.), а американский астронавт впервые в истории человечества ступил на поверхность Луны (1969 г.). ; Purpose. Preparation of short scientifically-historical essay about one of founders of world rocket production, distinguished German-American designer of modern space-rocket technique Wernher von Braun. Methodology.Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information, touching becoming and development in the world of space-rocket technique and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internetreports. Results. A short scientifically-historical essay is presented about the distin-guished German-American designerof space-rocket technique Wernher von Braun, becoming one of founders of world rocket production. Basic scientific and technical achievements of talented and purposeful scientist Doctor of Physics Wernher von Braun in area of modern rocket production, getting over on persistent initiative of the American special services after the defeat of Germany in World War II in the USA (1945) for con-tinuation of the work in area of missile technology (he was the main designer of the German battle ballistic rocket V-2 of midrange with a liquid rocket engine (LRE), created in 1944), carrying military-strategic character bythat time. It is shown that Wernher von Braun is the founder of the space program of the USA and leader of developments of the American pilot-controlled spaceships of series «Apollo» within the framework of the Lunar program of the USA.It is marked that under scientific and technical guidance of Wernher von Braun in the USA powerful launch vehicles were created with LRE of battle series «Redstone» of midrange (1958, military index of PGM-11) and space series «Saturn» (1969), due to which on a circumter-restrial orbit the first artificial satellite of the USA «Explorer-1» launched (31 January, 1958), and the American astronaut Neil Armstrong first in history of humanity stepped on the surface of the Moon (20 July, 1969). Originality. Certain systematization is executed known from mass media of scientific and technical materials, touching becoming and development in 20-th century of world rocket production, at the sources of which the talented scientist Doctor of Physics and distinguished German-American designer of space-rocket technique Wernher von Braun. Practіcal value.Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher school, engineerand technical and scientific workers of physical and technical knowledge in area of world history of becoming and development of modern rocket production, extending their scientific and technical range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

Приведен краткий научно-исторический очерк о выдающемся советском конструкторе ракетно-космической техники Сергее Павловиче Королеве, ставшем одним из основоположников отечественного ракетостроения и практической космонавтики. Отмечен важный вклад бывших немецких ракетчиков, работавших в СССР после окончания Второй мировой войны, в разработку первых советских баллистических ракет. Описаны основные научно-технические достижения С. П. Королева в области создания советского стратегического ракетного оружия и современной ракетно-космической техники для освоения землянами ближнего и дальнего космического пространства. Показано, что главный конструктор С. П. Королев является«отцом» отечественной ракетно-космической техники, обеспечившей запуск первого в мире советского искусственного спутника Земли(1957 г.) и пребывание на околоземной космической орбите первого в истории человечества советского космонавта Ю. А. Гагарина(1961 г.). ; Purpose. Preparation of short scientifically-historical essay about one of founders of domestic rocket production and practical cos monautics, distinguished Soviet designer of space-rocket technology Sergey Pavlovich Korolev. Methodology.Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information, touching becoming and develop-ment in the world of space-rockettechnique and resulted in scien-tific monographs, journals and internet-reports. Results.A short scientifically-historical essay is presented about the distinguished Soviet designer of space-rocket technique S.P. Korolev, becoming one of founders of domestic rocket production and practical cos-monautics. The important deposit of former German people, creating rockets, workings in the USSR after completion of the World War II is marked, in development of the first Soviet ballistic rockets. Basic scientific and technical achievements of talented and purposeful scientist and practical worker, becoming in 1950 a Chief Designer of the Special Design Bureau No. 1 (SDB-1), S.P. Korolev in area of creation of Soviet strategic rocket weapon (rocket-nuclear «shield») and modern space-rocket technique for mastering of near and distant space tellurians. It is pointed out that under the direction of the Chief Designer of SDB-1 S.P. Korolev in the USSR was developed and accepted on the arma-ment of Soviet Army consisting of two stages intercontinental ballistic rocket (ICBR) of type P-7 (1956, military index 8K71, by power of thermonuclear war-head in 5 Mt and distance of its flight in 8 thousands km) with the liquid rocket engines (LRE) of type РД-107 and РД-108 of design of distinguished Soviet de-signer in area of rocket engines V.P. Glushko. It is indicated that the Chief Designer S.P. Korolev is the «father» of domestic space-rocket technique, providing by powerful launch vehicles, created in the USSR on the basis of ICBR with LRE of РД-7 type (military index 8K71), start of first in the world of Soviet space satellite (on Octobers, 4, 1957) and start on the circumterrestrial space orbit of the first in history humanity of Soviet cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin (on April, 12, 1961). Originality. Certain systematization is exe-cuted of known from mass medias of scientific and technical mate-rials, touching becoming and development in the USSR of rocket production, at the sources of which the talented scientist-practical worker and distinguished Soviet designer of space-rocket technique S.P. Korolev. Practical value.Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher school, engineer and technical and scientific workers of physical and technical knowledge in area of history of becoming and development in the former USSR of modern rocket production, extending their scientific and technical range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society

Приведен научно-исторический очерк о выдающемся советском конструкторе ракетно-космической техники Михаиле Кузьмиче Янгеле, ставшем одним из создателей отечественного ракетно-ядерного «щита». Описаны основные научно-технические достижения М. К. Янгеля в области разработки и создания в СССР боевого стратегического ракетного вооружения и ракетно-космической техники для мирного освоения космоса. Показано, что Главный конструктор ОКБ-586 (КБ «Южное», г. Днепропетровск) М. К. Янгель является «отцом» советских боевых межконтинентальных баллистических ракет (МБР) первого (с индексами 8К63, 8К65 и 8К64), второго (с индексами 8К67, 8К69 и 8К67П) и третьего (с индексами15А14, 15А15, 15А16 и 15А18) поколений. При создании МБР четвертого поколения (с индексами 15А18М, 15Ж60 и 15Ж61) были применены его идеи. Данные боевые МБР обеспечили в период «холодной войны» для СССР паритет в мировой гонке стратегических ракетно-ядерных вооружений. ; Purpose. Preparation of short scientifically-historical essay about the distinguished designer of domestic space-rocket technique and one of basic creators of missiles for a Soviet rocket-nuclear «shield» Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information, regarding becoming and development in the USSR of space-rocket technique of the military and peaceful applications and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet-reports. Results.A short scientifically-historical essay is re-sulted about the distinguished Sovietdesigner of space-rocket technique of M. K. Yangel, becoming one of creators of domestic strate-gic rocket-nuclear «shield». Basic scientific and technical achieve-ments of talented and purposeful scientist-mechanic M. K. Yangel are described, becoming in 1954 Head and Chief Designer of the Special Designer Bureau No. 586 (SDB-586, Dnepropetrovsk city), in area of development and creation of powerful battle ballistic rockets of the strategic applications and missiles for the peaceful mastering of space. It is shown that under scientific guidance of the Chief Designer of SDB-586 (in 1966 it began to be named DB «Southern») M. K. Yangel in the USSR were developed and accepted on the armament of rocket strategic armies the Soviet army: battle strategic rockets of the first generation (rockets with military in-dexes 8K63, 8K65 and 8K64); battleintercontinents ballistic rock-ets (ICBR) of the second (rockets with military indexes 8K67, 8K69 and 8К67П) and the third (rockets with military indexes 15A14 (on terminology of NATO SS-18 «Satan»), 15A15, 15A16 and 15A18) generations. At creation in the USSR of battle ICBR of the fourth generation (rockets with the military indexes of 15А18М, 15Ж60 and 15Ж61) the ideas of M.K. Yangel were applied. These battle ICBR provided in the period of the «Cold War» for the USSR a party in the world race of strategic rocket-nuclear armaments. Powerful domestic missiles are «Space-1», «Space-2», «Cyclone-2» and «Cyclone-3», created at SDB-586 (DB «Southern») under the guidance of M.K. Yangel on the base of the indicated battle ICBR, executed the tasks laid on them in area of the peaceful mastering of space. Originality. Certain systematization is executed known from mass of scientific and technical materials media, regarding becoming and development in the USSR of rocket industry, having an important military-strategic and civil value. First for a wide reader the concrete contribution of SDB-586 (DB «Southern»), headed in the period of 1954-1971 by Academician of the Academy of Sci-ences of the Ukrainian SSR and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR M.K. Yangel is exposed in the concentrated kind, in creation of powerful Soviet battle ICBR, making in the period of 1959-1991 basis of rocket-nuclear «shield» of the USSR. Practical value.Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher school, engineering-technical and scientific workers of physical-technical knowledge in area of history of becoming and development in the former USSR of military and peaceful rocket production, extending their scientific and technical range of interests and fur-ther development of scientific and technical progress in society.

Приведен краткий научно-аналитический обзор о современном техническом состоянии и ближайших перспективах развития мировой теплоэнергетики. Рассмотрены основные теплоэнергоустройства, схемы построения и виды тепловых электрических станций (ТЭС). Указаны преимущества и недостатки ТЭС перед другими видами электрических станций, генерирующих тепло и электричество. Приведены основные технические характеристики крупнейших ТЭС Украины. Обозначены существующие проблемные задачи и возможные пути их решения в области теплоэнергетики Украины. ; Preparation of brief scientific and technical review with an analytical analysis about the state, achievements, problems and prospects of development of world thermal power engineering. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of the opened scientific and technical information, present in scientific monographs, journals and internet reports, world level in area of thermal power engineering. A brief analytical scientific and technical review is resulted about the present state, achievements, problem tasks and prospects of development of thermal power engineering in the industrially developed countries of the world. Considerable progress is marked in development and creation of technical base of modern thermal power engineering including such thermal power devices (TPD) as steam generators, steam turbines and turbogenerators. Basic TPDs are described, charts of design and types of the modern thermal power plants (TPP), producing in the world about 70 % annual production electric power are presented. From positions of approach of the systems advantages and lacks of TPPs are described before other types of electric stations, generating heat and electric energy in industrial scales. Basic technical descriptions of largest TPPs of Ukraine are resulted, TPDs of powerful power units of which behave to the morally out-of-date past generation and characterized a large physical wear. Some topical problem tasks and possible ways of their decision are indicated in area of thermal power engineering of Ukraine. In a review an accent is done on the necessity of development and acceptance of strategic plan of development of thermal power engineering of Ukraine on the nearest 10 years. A regard is paid to power engineering experts acceleration of rates of introduction in domes-tic practice of achievements alternative and ecologically clean power engineering specialists − especially wind energy and sun energy. Systematization of the scientific and technical materials touching functioning of such important sector of world economy as thermal power engineering known from the sources opened in outer informative space is executed. It is shown that for normal development and determination of the nearest prospects for domestic thermal energy the native revision of power politics of Ukraine is needed. Popularization and deepening for students, engineers and technical specialists and research workers of front-rank scientific and technical knowledge in areaof modern thermal energy, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

Приведен научно-исторический очерк об известных харьковских физиках, входивших в состав знаменитой "высоковольтной бригады" Украинского физико-технического института, первыми в СССР расщепивших искусственно ускоренными в высоковольтном генераторе с электроразрядной трубкой протонами на энергию до 350 кэВ ядро атома лития и достигших в недалеком будущем своих научных академических вершин и новых научно-технических свершений в области ядерной физики и физики высоких энергий. ; Description of the basic distinguished scientific achievements of members of «high-voltage brigade» of the Ukrainian Physical-Technical Institute (UPhTI) and future Academicians in area of nuclear physics − Valter A.C., Sinelnikov C.D., Leypunskiy A.I. and Latyshev G.D. Methodology. Scientific approaches at treatment and systematization of physical knowledges. Historical method atresearch of development in Ukraine and Russia of nuclear physics and mastering of intranuclear energy for military and peaceful aims. Results. The basic creative and vital stages, and also prominent scientific results, obtained by the indicated scientists in the area of nuclear physics, physics of high energies and nuclear energy, are resulted in the compressed and systematized way. Some technical descriptions created by these Kharkov physicists of powerful high-voltage electrostatic and linear dynamitrons and protons, and also nuclear reactors fast-neutron are indicated. Originality. Firstly in the area of history of scientific-technological authoritative enough scientist-electro-physicist, which is engaged not alone ten of years by creation of powerful generators of very high voltage and large currents, and also presents a theoretical electrophysics a wide reader a scientifically-historical essay with not popular details about the first in the USSR breaking up the physicists of UPhTI of atomic kernel of lithium by artificially speed-up protons. Firstly the basic distinguished scientific achievements of the considered physicists-nuclear engineers are resulted in the concentrated way. Practical value. Scientific popularization of physical knowledges and achievements of the known compatriots, bringing ina big contribution to development of nuclear physics, physicists of high energies and nuclear energy.

Приведен краткий очерк из истории изобретения химических взрывчатых веществ, нашедших широкое применение при решении различных военно-инженерных и народно-хозяйственных задач. ; A brief outline from the global history of invention of chemical explosives widely applied to solving military-engineering and national-economy tasks is given.

Предложена и апробирована новая схема построения мощного сверхвысоковольтного сильноточного генератора импульсных напряжений и токов ГИНТ-2 наружной установки, формирующего на активно-индуктивной нагрузке микросекундные импульсы напряжения амплитудой до ±2 МВ и тока амплитудой до ±150 кА при запасаемой электрической энергии до 1 МДж. Данный генератор построен на основе размещенного в полевых условиях модернизированного стационарного генератора ГИНТ-4 на номинальное напряжение ±4 МВ и номинальный ток амплитудой ±75 кА с запасаемой в его высоковольтных конденсаторах электрической энергией номинальным значением 1 МДж. Приведены описания схемных и конструктивных решений генератора ГИНТ-2, позволяющих обеспечить при сохранении основной электротехнической элементной базы генератора ГИНТ-4 получение на длинном разрядном воздушном промежутке двухэлектродной системы«игла-плоскость» импульсов тока микросекундной длительности с удвоенной амплитудой по сравнению с параметрами импульсов тока, формируемых в разрядной цепи генератора ГИНТ-4 с использованием аналогичной двухэлектродной системы. Перевод генератора ГИНТ-4 в режим работы генератора ГИНТ-2 с уменьшенным вдвое уровнем выходного импульсного напряжения и увеличенным вдвое уровнем выходного импульсного тока обусловлен требованиями стандартов НАТОAECTP-250: 2014 и СШАMIL-STD-464C: 2010 при испытаниях технических объектов на электромагнитную совместимость и невосприимчивость к воздействию на них мощных электромагнитных помех от атмосферных грозовых сильноточных электрических разрядов (молний). ; The new scheme of design of CDC of the modernized powerful ultra-high-voltage, heavy-current generator of GINT-2 type of outdoor placement, that allows obtaining, with preservation of the main electrotechnical elemental base of existing powerful prototype generator GINT-4 (rated output voltage ±4 MV with rated electrical energy stored in CES of 1 MJ and maximal amplitude of output current pulse in electrical load up to ±75 kA) pulses of current of microsec-ond duration with doubled amplitude (up to ±150 kA) in the long (from 1 to 4 m length) air gap of standard two-electrode dis-charging «needle-plane» system, in comparison with parameters of current pulses with amplitudes up to ±75 kA that are formed in the discharging circuit of generator of GINT-4 type with the use of the analogous air discharging system, has been devel-oped. Experimental evaluations of the developed new discharging circuit in CDC of the modernized generator of GINT-4 type has been performed in field conditions, and its advantages over the old discharging circuit in composition of CDC of generator of GINT-4 type have been shown. Calculated evaluations of rise rates of high pulsed current (HPC) in plasma channel of air spark discharge of CES with energy up to 1 MJ of generator of GINT-2 type, and strength of electric and magnetic field that are formed around this high-current channel of spark discharge and are powerful electromagnetic interference (PEMI) for objects of armaments and military equipment (OAME) were performed. It was shown that rise rates of HPC obtained for generator GINT-2 in the channel of long air spark discharge (of artificial light-ning) and PEMI around this channel practically satisfy strict requirements of the NATO Standards AESTP-250: 2014 and USA MIL-STD-464C: 2010.

Описана конструкция разработанного и созданного измерительного коаксиального дискового шунта типа ШК-300М2, позволяющего с помощью коаксиальной кабельной линии связи и цифровых запоминающих осциллографов одновременно измерять амплитудно-временные параметры (АВП) основных компонент тока искусственной молнии, генерируемых высоковольтным генератором грозовых разрядов в соответствии с требованиями нормативных документов США SAE ARP 5412:2013 и SAE ARP 5416:2013. Приведены основные технические характеристики измерительного коаксиального дискового шунта типа ШК-300М2. Показано, что данный шунт позволяет измерять и АВП апериодического импульса тока временной формы 10 мкс/350 мкс, нормированный интеграл действия которого согласно требований международного стандарта IEC 62305-1:2010 может численно составлять до 13,5·10⁶ Дж/Ом. ; Developed and created new high-voltage heavy-current measuring shunt of type of SC-300M2, allowing reliably to register rationed ATP of attenuation sinewave and aperiodic impulses of current of artificial lightning in the bit chains of powerful GCL with amplitude to ±220 кА and integral them action to 13,5·10⁶ J/Ohm. On the measuring coaxial disk shunt of type of SC-300M2 from government metrology service of Ukraine the certificate of accordance of the set form is got. Application of the created shunt of type of SC-300M2 in composition the high-voltage heavy-current bit chains of powerful GCL will allow in a certain measure to improve the metrology providing of tests of aviation and space-rocket technique, and also objects of electroenergy on stability to lightning.

Выполнен анализ основных технических характеристик и новых возможностей составных частей уникального высоковольтного электротехнического комплекса НИПКИ «Молния» НТУ «ХПИ», предназначенного для проведения испытаний объектов промышленной энергетики на электробезопасность, их стойкость к воздействию стандартных апериодических грозовых и коммутационных импульсов напряжения (тока), а также объектов вооружения и военной техники, авиационной и ракетно-космической техники на электромагнитную совместимость и молниестойкость при прямом действии на них нормированных импульсов тока искусственной молнии. Показано, что данные испытания могут проводиться в соответствии с требованиями нормативных документов США SAE ARP 5412: 2013, SAE ARP 5414: 2013, SAE ARP 5416: 2013, RTCA DO-160G: 2011, военных стандартов США MIL-STD-464C: 2010, MIL-STD-461G: 2015, стандартов НАТО AECTP-500: 2016, AECTP-250: 2014, международных стандартов IEC 62305-1: 2010, IEC 61024-1: 1990 и межгосударственного стандарта ГОСТ 1516.2-97 на оригинальных отечественных высоковольтных установках УИТОМ-1, ГТМ-10/350, ГКИН-2, TI-CS115 (NCS08), TI-CS116 (NCS09), G-NCS10, МВ 1000 и ИК-1У с нормированными характеристиками. Приведены примеры и результаты испытаний ряда технических объектов на указанных высоковольтных слабо- и сильноточных электроустановках. ; Description of basic technical descriptions and new possibilities of component parts of unique high-voltage electrical engineering complex Scientific-&-Research Planning-&-Design Institute «Molniya» of NTU «KhPI», intended for testing different objects of IE on electric safety, their resistibility to direct (indirect) action of standard aperiodic storm and interconnect pulses of voltage (current), and also OAMT, AT and SRT on EMC and resistibility to lightning at a direct action on them of the rationed pulses of current of artificial lightning. It is shown that these tests can be conducted in accordance with the requirements of normative documents of the USA of SAE ARP 5412: 2013, SAE ARP 5414: 2013, SAE ARP 5416: 2013, RTCA DO-160G: 2011, military Standards of the USA of MIL-STD-464C: 2010, MIL-STD-461G: 2015, Standards of NATO AECTP-500: 2016, AECTP-250: 2014, International Standards of IEC 62305-1: 2010, IEC 61024-1: 1990 and intergovernmental Standard GOST 1516.2-97 on the domestic high-voltage options of type of UITOM-1, GTM-10/350, GKIN-2, TI-CS115 (NCS08), TI-CS116 (NCS09), G-NCS10, MV 1000 and IK-1U with the rationed descriptions. Examples and results of tests of row of technical objects are resulted on indicated high-voltage little- and heavy-current electric options.